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    LabSheet5 (Curve)

    Uploaded by

    Mada Faka
    The document provides standard procedures for conducting curve ranging fieldwork, including computations and setting out a simple circular curve on site. It describes the key elements of a curve, such as the tangent points and lengths, deflection angle, and chord lengths. The procedures outline setting up the theodolite on the first tangent point and establishing the bearing to the intersection point. It also gives an example computation for a 13 degree curve and the chord composition for setting out points along the curve using tangential angles from the theodolite.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    LabSheet5 (Curve)

    Uploaded by

    Mada Faka
    76 views6 pages
    The document provides standard procedures for conducting curve ranging fieldwork, including computations and setting out a simple circular curve on site. It describes the key elements of a curve, such as the tangent points and lengths, deflection angle, and chord lengths. The procedures outline setting up the theodolite on the first tangent point and establishing the bearing to the intersection point. It also gives an example computation for a 13 degree curve and the chord composition for setting out points along the curve using tangential angles from the theodolite.

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    Politeknik

    Original Title

    LabSheet5(Curve)

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    The document provides standard procedures for conducting curve ranging fieldwork, including computations and setting out a simple circular curve on site. It describes the key elements of a curve, such as the tangent points and lengths, deflection angle, and chord lengths. The procedures outline setting up the theodolite on the first tangent point and establishing the bearing to the intersection point. It also gives an example computation for a 13 degree curve and the chord composition for setting out points along the curve using tangential angles from the theodolite.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views6 pages

    LabSheet5 (Curve)

    Uploaded by

    Mada Faka
    The document provides standard procedures for conducting curve ranging fieldwork, including computations and setting out a simple circular curve on site. It describes the key elements of a curve, such as the tangent points and lengths, deflection angle, and chord lengths. The procedures outline setting up the theodolite on the first tangent point and establishing the bearing to the intersection point. It also gives an example computation for a 13 degree curve and the chord composition for setting out points along the curve using tangential angles from the theodolite.

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    FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & EARTH

    RESOURCES

    ENGINEERING SURVEY FIELDWORK

    CURVE RANGING
    COMPUTATION & SETTING-OUT
    (Standard Of Procedure)

    Subject Code
    Date
    Group Number
    Student Name &
    ID Number
    Group Member Name
    & ID Number 1
    2
    Lecturer 3
    4
    5
    6
    7

    Marks
    Remarks

    Endorsement
    Objective:

    1. To make necessary computation for setting-out the ranging of simple curve.


    2. To make setting-out the ranging of simple curve on site.

    Scope of works:

    1. Each group shall be carried out field survey works necessary to accurately
    determine the locations centerline of the curve
    2. Each group shall be prepared a table of computation for setting-out.
    3. Each group shall be prepared a report of had been done (Appendix III).
    The report shall be submitted one week after completed the fieldwork.

    List of Devices:

    1. 1 set of Built-in EDM or Theodolite completed with accessories.


    2. 2 set of Reflector completed with accessories.

    Procedure of works:

    Conducting a survey (Appendix II).


    Appendix I

    CURVE RANGING COMPUTATION & SETTING-OUT

    Introduction:

    In the design of roads and railways, straight sections of road or track are connected by
    curves of constant or varying radius. The purpose of the curves is to deflect the road
    through the angle between the two straights, θ. For these reason, θ is known as the
    deflection angle.

    In construction surveying, curves have to be set out on the ground for a variety of
    purposes. A curve may form the major part of route, it may form a kerb line at a
    junction or may be the shape of an ornamental rose bed in a town centre.

    Types of Horizontal Curve:

    i. Simple curves – circular curves of constant radius


    ii. Compound curves – two or more consecutive simple curves of different radius
    iii. Reverse curves – two or more consecutive simple curves of the same of
    different radius with their centres on opposite sides of the common tangent.
    iv. Transition curves – curves with gradually varying radius (often referred to as
    ‘spiral’)
    v. Combined or composite curves – consisting of consecutive transition and
    simple circular curves. This is the usual manner in which transition curves are
    used in road and railway practice, to link a straight and a circular curve, or two
    branches of a compound or reverse curve.

    Curve Elements:

    In figure, the centre lines AI and BI of


    two straight roadways, called simply the
    straights, meet at a point I called the
    intersection points. The two straights
    deviate (deflect) by the angle θ.
    The roadways may actually exist on the
    ground or may simply be proposals on a
    roadway development plan.
    Clearly it is desirable to avoid having a
    junction at I, so the straights are joined by
    a circular curve of radius R.

    The straights are tangential to the curve at the tangent points T1 and T2 and lengths
    IT1 and IT2, known as the tangent lengths, are equal. Before setting the curve on the
    ground, the exact location of the tangent points must be known.
    If the two straights are existing roadways, then, in order to locate the tangent points, a
    theodolite is set at point I and the deviation (deflection) angle θ is measured together
    with the lengths of lines AI and IB.
    If the roadway scheme exists only on a development plan, the angle θ and the
    distances AI and IB must be measured by protractor and scale rule or by calculation
    from the coordinates of A, I and B.
    Useful lengths
    From the geometry of figure;
    Tangent length (IT1 and IT2)
    = R tan θ/2
    External distance IV
    = R [sec (θ/2) -1]
    Mid-ordinate VC
    = R(1-cos θ/2)
    Length of curve T1VT2
    = [(θ/360)2πR] m
    = [R x θ radians] m
    = (100 θ/D)m , θ and D are same unit
    Long chord (T1CT2)
    = 2R sin θ/2

    Curve Composition:

    In setting out large radius curves, or in some cases small radius curves, pegs are set at
    regular intervals around the curve. The interval is commonly 10 or 20 m and is
    measured as a running chainage, from the zero chainage point of the road system.
    Consequently, it would be very unlikely that either tangent point of the curve would
    coincide with a chainage which is at an exact tape length. In figure below, straights AI
    and IB deviate by 13o at intersection point I, where the chainage is 171.574m.

    Tangent lengths IT1 and IT2 = 400tan 6.5o


    = 45.574m
    Therefore chainage T1 = 171.574 – 45.574
    = 126.000m
    Curve length = 13/360 x 2πR
    = 90.757m
    Therefore chainage T2 = 126.000 + 90.757
    = 216.757m

    The last peg on the straight, measured at 20m interval from A, occurs at chainage
    120m; therefore the first peg on the curve, at chainage 140m, lies at a distance of
    (140-126)m = 14m from tangent point T1. This short chord is called the initial sub-
    chord. Thereafter, pegs placed at standard chord intervals of 20 m occur at chainage
    160, 180 and 200m. The final tangent point T2 is reached at 216.75m; therefore the
    final chord is (216.757 – 200.000)m = 16.757m. This short chord is called the final
    sub-chord.
    Summarizing, the chord composition is derived as follows:
    Chainage T1 =126.000m
    Chainage of first peg on curve = 140.000m
    Therefore initial sub-chord = (140.000 – 126.000) = 14.000m
    Chainage of last peg on curve = 200.000m
    Therefore number of standard chords = (200 – 140)/20 = 3
    Chainage T2 = 216.757m
    Therefore final sub-chord = (216.757 – 200.000) = 16.757m

    Setting-out by tangential angles:

    Give Bearing T1-I = 7000’00”

    Chord Length Chainage Deflection Tangential Bearing Distance


    Number Angle Angle (2RSin
    c/R x  )
    1718.9’
    T1 126
    1 14.000 140 100’10” 100’10” 7100’10” 14.001
    2 20 160 125’57” 226’07” 7226’07” 33.993
    3 20 180 125’57” 352’04” 7352’04” 53.963
    4 20 200 125’57” 518’01” 7518’01” 73.900
    T2 16.757 216.757 112’01” 630’02” 7630’02” 90.570
     630’02”

    Appendix II

    1. Setting up the Theodolite on TI


     Setting the tripod
    The tripod legs are spread out and rested lightly on the ground around
    the survey point. Judging by eye, the legs are moved to bring the
    tripod head over the point, keeping the tripod head as level as possible.
     Mounting the instrument
    The theodolite is carefully removed from the box and screwed to the
    tripod.
     Centring
    A sight is taken through the optical plummet to view the survey peg.
    The footscrews are turned to bring the instrument exactly over the peg.
    The theodolite is now centred but, not level.
     Levelling
    Levelling is accompolished by raising or lowering the legs of the
    tripod, using the sliding leg arrangement, until the circular spirit level
    is centred.
    Refinements to the centring and leveling of the instrument must now
    be made;
    (a) Set the plate spirit level over two screws and centralize the bubble,
    (b) Turn the instrument through 90o and recentralize the bubble
    (c) Repeat operations (a) and (b) until the bubble remains central for
    both positions.
     Parallax elimination
    A piece of paper is held in front of the telescope and the observer,
    sighting the paper through the telescope, turns the eyepiece carefully
    until the cross-wires of the reticule are sharply defined.
    2. Setting up bearing to I (Topcon GTS220)
     Released Horizontal and vertical plate, and the theodolite in face left
    position.
     Switch On Theodolite Display Panel. Make sure horizontal bearing in
    the mode Horizontal Right (HR).
     Rotate the theodolite horizontally, till the required horizontal bearing
    had been display in panel.
     Refinements to the required horizontal bearing, using horizontal
    tangent screw.
     Press the (F2)(HOLD) key.
     Collimate the target at RO.
     Press the [F3](YES) key to finish holding the horizontal angle.

    3. Setting-out points of curve ranging using Built-EDM Theodolite.


     Released Horizontal and vertical plate.
     Rotate the theodolite horizontally, till HR in display panel shows TI-1
    bearing.
     Clamp horizontal plate.
    o Refinements to the required horizontal bearing, using horizontal
    tangent screw.
     Instruct front man hold the reflector pole vertically approximately on the
    line (i.e. reflector have been seen through telescope).
     Press the [| ]key. Distance measurement starts. Display panel shows HR
    (Horizontal angle), HD (horizontal distance) and VD (Vertical distance).
     Press F1 (Meas). New distance display.
     Obtained HD. If HD is still less than actual length, instruct front man to
    prolong the line. Instead, if HD more than actual length.
     Drive in peg.
     Repeat operation, till whole peg for the curve have been marked on the
    ground.

    Appendix III

    Report:

    Each group shall submit the report one week after completed the fieldwork.

    The report shall be consisted hereunder-


    a) Introduction
    b) Objective
    c) Devices
    d) Procedure
    e) Product
     Computation form
    f) Analysis
    g) Conclusion

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