1.

The equilibrium data for a certain absorption may be represented by the equation Y =
5.2X^2, where X = kmol of dissolved absorbable material per kmol of pure absorbing
liquid and = kmol of gaseous absorbable material per kmol of inert gas. The unit is
operated as continuous counter-current absorption. The entering gas contains 5 moles of
absorbable material per 20 mols of inert gas. The absorbing liquid enters the column as
a pure material. Determine the minimum ratio of liquid to gas if the gases leaving the
tower contain 1 mol absorbable material per 50 mols of inert gas.

a. 1.87 c. 1.94
b. 1.78 d. 1.09

For numbers 2 and 3…

In a CO2 absorber using a carbonate solution as absorbent, 1,000 kmols/h of flue gases
containing 50% by volume CO2 and the balance being inert gases, is fed into the column. The
lean gas leaves the absorber with a 2% by volume CO2. Determine the following:

2. Flowrate of the lean gas

a. 480 kmol/h c. 374 kmol/h

b. 510 kmol/h d. 266 kmol/h

3. Quantity of CO2, in kg/h, that is recovered from the regeneration of the fat liquor

a. 14 000 c. 32 000
b. 22 000 d. 18 000

For numbers 4 to 6…

A dry gas mixture of 1,000 ft3/min containing 60% dry air and 40% SO3 is blown to the bottom
of an absorption tower and at the top sprayed by 50 lb/min of 60% H2SO4. The acid liquor
coming out at the bottom of the tower is an 84.8% H2SO4. The exit gases leaving the top of
the tower has a pressure of 29 in Hg with the water vapor pressure 7 in Hg. Calculate the
following:

4. SO3 in the entering gas

a. 1.5 lbmol/min c. 1.1 lbmol/min

b. 1.7 lbmol/min d. 3.3 lbmol/min

5. Molar flowrate of the 60% H2SO4 solution

a. 1.5 lbmol/min c. 1.1 lbmol/min

b. 1.7 lbmol/min d. 3.3 lbmol/min

6. Percent of the SO3 in the entering gas that is converted to H2SO4

a. 32% c. 56%
b. 79% d. 40%

7. Molecular flow is characterized by a Knudsen number in the range:

a. Kn < 0.01 c. 0.1 < Kn < 1

b. 0.01 < Kn < 0.1 d. Kn > 1

8. Originally called the Lillie, this evaporator operates in a way that liquid distribution
over the tubes is accomplished by sprays of perforated plates above the topmost tubes.

a. Horizontal-tube evaporator c. Long-tube vertical evaporator

b. Swirl flow evaporator d. Forced-circulation evaporator
9. These alloys are the most corrosion-resistant among the four alloys of stainless steel.
They contain 16-26% chromium, 6-22% nickel, and very low carbon (0.03% maximum) to
minimize carbide precipitation.

a. Duplex stainless steels c. Martensitic stainless steels

b. Ferritic stainless steels d. Austenitic stainless steels

10. It is defined as the possibility of injury, loss, or an environmental accident.

a. Hazard c. Near miss

b. Risk d. Threat

11. A packed tower with an inside volume of 300 ft3 is to be used for an ammonia absorption
under such conditions that KGa = 2.8 lbmol/h·atm·ft3 and Henry’s law is applicable to
the ammonia solution. The pressure difference driving force at the top of the column (p
– p*) is 0.009 atm, and the pressure difference driving force at the bottom of the
column is 0.090 atm. If 550 lb of ammonia, in addition to the inert gases, enters the
tower per hour, what percent of the entering ammonia will be absorbed?

a. 88% c. 95%
b. 91% d. 97%

12. This type of mixer made by Farrel Co., with power input to 6000 kW/m3, is used primarily
in the plastics and rubber industries. The batch charge of material is forced into the
mixing chamber by an air-operated ram at the top of the mixer.

a. Helical ribbon mixer c. Double-arm kneading mixer

b. Banbury mixer d. Plowshare mixer

For numbers 13 to 16…

From 480 lb/h of a gas containing 2% ammonia and 98% air, 98% of the ammonia is to be
absorbed by water at 20°C in a packed column operated at atmospheric pressure. Water is to
be fed at the rate of 480 lb/h to the tower, whose cross-sectional area is 288 in2. Henry’s
Constant for NH3 at 20°C = 600 mm Hg per mass ratio. Calculate the following:

13. Pounds of ammonia absorbed per hour

a. 3.2 lb/h c. 5.6 lb/h

b. 4.0 lb/h d. 6.9 lb/h

14. Partial pressure of ammonia in equilibrium with solution discharged from the tower

a. 7 mm Hg c. 13 mm Hg
b. 9 mm Hg d. 16 mm Hg

15. Logarithmic-mean average total pressure-difference for the process

a. 0.0104 atm c. 0.0144 atm

b. 0.0055 atm d. 0.0032 atm

16. Column height, assuming KGa = 163 lb/h-ft3 of packed volume per atm pressure difference
in partial pressure

a. 3 ft c. 7 ft
b. 5 ft d. 9 ft

17. According to this law, the emissivity and absorptivity of a surface exposed to
surroundings at its own temperature are the same for both monochromatic and total
radiation.
 a. Wien’s displacement law c. Kirchhoff’s law
b. Chick’s law d. None of these

18. It is that state of a liquid in a porous solid when a continuous film of liquid no
longer exists around and between discrete particles so that flow by capillary cannot
occur.

a. Pendular state c. Funicular state

b. Falling-film state d. Mesotrophic state

19. These are the most powerful computers in a distributed control system, capable of
performing functions not normally available in other units. These computers act both as
an arbitrator unit to route internodal communications and as the database server.

a. Application stations c. Remote control units

b. Field buses d. Workstations

For numbers 20 to 22…

Experimental data on absorption of dilute acetone in air by water at 80°F and 1 atm abs
pressure in a packed tower with 25.4 mm Raschig rings were obtained. The inert gas flow was
95 lb air/h·ft2 and the pure water flow was 987 lb/h·ft2. The experimental coefficients are
kGa = 4.03 lbmol/h·ft3·atm and kLa = 16.6 lbmol/h·ft3·lbmol/ft3. The equilibrium data can
be expressed by Ca = 1.37 Pa, where Ca = lbmol/ft3 and Pa = atm partial pressure of acetone.
Calculate the following:

20. Film height of transfer units, Hg

a. 0.96 ft c. 0.82 ft
b. 1.20 ft d. 0.86 ft

21. Film height of transfer units, Hl

a. 0.96 ft c. 0.82 ft
b. 1.20 ft d. 0.86 ft

22. Value for HOG

a. 0.96 ft c. 0.82 ft
b. 1.20 ft d. 0.86 ft

23. These fluids are shear-thinning power law fluids with yield stresses.

a. Streisand fluids c. Herschel-Bulkley fluids

b. Govier-Aziz fluids d. Wissbrun fluids

24. It is an alloy made of 74% nickel and 26% molybdenum, resistant to all hydrochloric acid
solutions and other strongly reducing acids.

a. Hastelloy alloy B-3 c. Incoloy 825

b. Monel 400 d. Ni-Resist

25. It is a type of fixed capital cost estimate in which complete specifications, drawings,
and site surveys for the plant construction are required, and the estimate has an
accuracy of -5 to +10 percent.

a. Project control estimate c. Budget authorization estimate

b. Firm estimate d. Factored estimate
26. An absorption column equivalent to five equilibrium stages is to be used to remove
ethane from a hydrogen-ethane mixture at 300 psia. The entering absorbent liquid contains
99 mole % hexane and 1 mole % ethane. The entering gas contains 35 mole % ethane and 65
mole % hydrogen. The column is at a constant temperature of 75°F. Because of the fluid
flow characteristics of the column, the mole ratio of solute-free absorbent to solute-
free gas cannot exceed 3 to 1 at the desired flow rate of gas. What is the maximum
possible recovery of ethane if this column is used?

a. 87% c. 93%
b. 91% d. 95%

27. Which of the following is true about regulating the number of alarms in plant operations?

a. For each alarm, a specific action is expected from the process operator.
b. Alarms should be restricted to abnormal situations for which the process operator is
responsible.
c. Alarms are not appropriate for situations known to the operator either through
previous alarms or through normal process surveillance.
d. All of these

28. The purge gases from a synthetic ammonia plant contain 4% ammonia by volume and 96%
hydrogen, nitrogen, argon and other inerts. This gas is to be scrubbed at 5 atmosphere
pressure with water in a bubble plate tower maintained at 68°F by cooling coils. With
water and inert gas rates of 0.88 and 4 lb/min·ft2 of tower cross section
respectively, how many theoretical plates will be required to produce a solution
containing 13% ammonia by weight? The average molecular weight of the inert gas is 21.

Data: The following table gives the equilibrium partial pressure of ammonia solutions
at 68 deg F

Partial pressure (mm Hg) 12 19.2 31.7 50 69.6 166

Grams NH3 / 100 g H2O 2 3 5 7.5 10 0.2

a. 6 plates c. 13 plates
b. 10 plates d. 15 plates

29. It is the measure of mobility of a species in itself; for instance, using a small
concentration of molecules tagged with a radioactive isotope so they can be detected.

a. Internal diffusivity c. Interdiffusion coefficient diffusivity

b. Self-diffusivity d. Tracer diffusivity

30. It is one of the simplest batch cake filters whose design features a tank with a false
bottom, perforated or porous, which may either support a filter medium or act as the
filter medium. The slurry is fed into the filter vessel, and separation occurs by gravity
flow, gas pressure, vacuum, or a combination of these forces.

a. Internal cake tube filter c. Nutsche filter

b. Pressure leaf filter d. Schenk filter

31. It is a type of valve that allows relatively unimpeded flow in the desired direction
but to prevent flow in the reverse direction.

a. Pressure relief valve c. Globe valve

b. Control valve d. Check valve
32. A mixture of 5% butane and 95% air is absorbed in a bubble plate tower containing 8
ideal plates. The absorbing liquid is a heavy non-volatile oil having a molecular weight
of 250 and a specific gravity of 0.90. The absorption takes place at 1 atm and 60°F.
The butane is to be recovered to the extent of 95%. The vapor pressure of butane at 60°F
is 28 psi and liquid butane has a density of 4.84 lb/gal at 60°F. Calculate the gallons
of fresh absorbing oil per gallon of butane recovered.

a. 129 gal c. 140 gal

b. 117 gal d. 203 gal

33. It is a parameter which indicates whether viscoelastic effects are important. It is

numerically defined as the ratio of the characteristic relaxation time of the fluid to
the characteristic time scale of the flow.

a. Graetz number c. Grashof number

b. Peclet number d. Deborah number

34. It is a system, usually in the form of process hardware such as pressure relief devices,
used to designate a logic for the specific purpose of taking a process to a state where
a hazardous condition cannot exist.

a. Safety interlock system c. Emergency shutdown system

b. Alarm management system d. Access Control System

35. This principle states that the exchange areas between two pairs of surfaces are equal
when there is a one-to-one correspondence for all sets of symmetrically positioned pairs
of differential elements in the two surface combinations.

a. Yamauti principle c. Ruthven principle

b. Benitez principle d. Ho principle

36. Dry gas with an analysis of 7% SO2 and 93% air is passed at the rate of 250 lb/h, through
a packed tower operating under normal pressure. The tower is 15 ft high and has a cross
sectional area of 2 ft2. The absorbent is water which flows counter-currently to that
of the gas. The operating temperature is maintained at 30°C. The over-all coefficient
of absorption is 173 lb SO2 per hour per cubic feet of packed tower per atm difference
in partial pressure. Calculate the rate of flow of the liquid absorbent in ft3/min
necessary to absorb 99% of the So2 contained in the entering gas.

a. 2 cfm c. 7 cfm
b. 4 cfm d. 8 cfm

37. This equation is derived from continuum fluid mechanics and classical thermodynamics
for the motion of large particles in a fluid.

a. Werner equation c. Navier-Stokes equation

b. Wilke equation d. Stokes-Einstein equation

38. How many degrees of freedom are there for a binary mixture of species in VLE reacting
in two distinct independent reactions?

a. 0 c. 2
b. 1 d. 3

39. Which of the following is a thixotropic fluid?

a. Mayonnaise c. Gypsum suspension in water

b. Bentonite sol d. All of these
40. It is the most corrosion-resistant thermoplastic polymer. This polymer is resistant to
practically every known chemical or solvent combination and has the highest useful
temperature of commercially available polymers.

a. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) c. Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)

b. Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) d. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

41. It is a compact device that maintains the process variable at a specific value in spite
of disturbances. It combines the functions of the measurement sensor, controller, and
final control element into one self-contained device.

a. Regulator c. Control valve

b. Constant-speed pump d. None of these

42. It is a phenomenon observed in viscoelastic fluids in which the fluid climbs up a shaft
rotating in the fluid.

a. Bauer effect c. Steg-Katz effect

b. Weissenberg effect d. None of these

43. It is a type of controller primarily used to implement Boolean logic functions, timers,
and counters. This controller is often used with on/off input and output devices such
as limit or proximity switches, solenoid-actuated process control valves, and motor
switch gear.

a. Electronic controller c. Multiloop controller

b. Programmable logic controller d. Personal computer controller

44. Below the __________, expressed in units of volume percent of oxygen, it is not possible
to support combustion, independent of the fuel concentration.

a. Lower flammability limit c. Lower oxygen concentration

b. Lower combustibility index d. Lower flash value

45. It is the classical isotherm for multilayer adsorption on a homogeneous, flat surface.

a. BET isotherm c. Sips isotherm

b. Toth isotherm d. Freundlich isotherm

46. Which of the following equations does not correctly define a primary thermodynamic
function?

a. G = H – TS c. H = U + PV
b. U = TS – PV d. None of these

47. It refers to the secondary circulation perpendicular to the main flow through a curved
pipe or coil.

a. Eddy circulation c. Dean effect

b. Slip flow d. Hart flow
48. It is a single-stage power amplifier having a fixed gain relationship between the input
and output pressures. The device is packaged as a complete stand-alone unit with pipe
thread connections for input, output, and supply pressure.

a. Dead-band booster c. Booster relay

b. Digital valve controller d. Current-to-pressure transducer

49. In distillation, a value for q between 0 and 1 signifies a thermal condition of the feed
as:

a. Saturated liquid c. Subcooled liquid

b. Partially flashed d. Saturated vapor

50. It is a type of anemometer which measures gas velocity from the cooling effect of the
gas stream flowing across the hot junctions of a thermopile supplied with constant
electrical power input.

a. Hot-film anemometer c. Heated-thermocouple anemometer

b. Thermistor anemometer d. Hot-wire anemometer

51. It is a type of psychrometric chart which plots humidity (abscissa) against enthalpy
(lines sloping diagonally from top left to bottom right).

a. Bowen chart c. Grosvenor chart

b. Mollier chart d. Salen-Soininen chart

52. It is a system whose partition ratio transitions from a value less than unity to a value
greater than unity as a function of solute concentration.

a. Polytrope c. Solutrope
b. Azeotrope d. Allotrope

For numbers 53 and 54…

A benzene-air mixture is to be scrubbed in a simple counter-current absorption tower using

a non-volatile absorption oil as solvent. The inlet gas contains 5% benzene and the entering
gas flow is 600 lbmol/h. Solubility of benzene in oil follows Raoult’s law. The tower
operates isothermally at 80°F and the average molecular weight of the oil is 200 and the
tower pressure is 1 atm. Determine the following:

53. Minimum oil needed to recover 90% of the entering benzene

a. 6800 lb/h c. 8300 lb/h

b. 7900 lb/h d. 9300 lb/h

54. Theoretical stages required if the oil rate is 1.5 times the minimum

a. 6 plates c. 9 plates
b. 11 plates d. 14 plates

55. The dynamic effect of viscosity on a rotating liquid slurry as found in a sedimenting
centrifuge is confined in very thin fluid layers, known as:

a. Ekman layers c. Hargis layers

b. Krauss layers d. Maffei layers
56. These are air pollutants generated from thermal decomposition of chlorinated
hydrocarbons, degreasing, and manufacture of dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and organic
chemicals. They are capable of inflicting damage that leads to pulmonary edema.

a. Hydrogen chloride c. Chlorofluorocarbons

b. Phosgenes d. Chlorine

57. These stainless steels are created by adjusting the composition so that approximately
equal amounts of austenitic phase and ferritic phase are present in the alloy.

a. Duplex stainless steels c. Martensitic stainless steels

b. Ferritic stainless steels d. Austenitic stainless steels

For numbers 58 to 60…

From sugar cane, ethanol is commercially produced at a rate of 100000 L/day (99.5% v/v).
From here, fermentation occurs at a rate of 0.511 kg ethanol per kilogram of fermentable
sugar. If the syrup is 53% fermentable sugar and cane juice is 25% syrup with distillation
and fermentation being 99% and 90% efficient, respectively, calculate the following:

58. Mass flowrate of the ethanol solution produced.

a. 176 MT/day c. 322 MT/day

b. 1303 MT/day d. 79 MT/day

59. Mass flowrate of the syrup entering the fermenter.

a. 176 MT/day c. 322 MT/day

b. 1303 MT/day d. 79 MT/day

60. Mass flowrate of the cane juice feed.

a. 176 MT/day c. 322 MT/day

b. 1303 MT/day d. 79 MT/day

For numbers 61 to 63…

Two moles of hydrogen and two moles of oxygen, each at p = 4 atm and 100 deg F, are separated
by a membrane. The membrane is broken and the gases diffuse. Considering the system as
isolated, calculate the following:

61. The partial pressure of hydrogen after mixing.

a. 1.0 atm c. 3.0 atm

b. 2.0 atm d. 3.5 atm

62. The change in entropy of hydrogen if it acts ideally.

a. 2.755 BTU/lbmol·R c. 0.571 BTU/lbmol·R

b. 1.376 BTU/lbmol·R d. 0.265 BTU/lbmol·R

63. The change in entropy of the system if it acts ideally.

a. 1.060 BTU/R c. 5.504 BTU/R

b. 2.284 BTU/R d. 11.02 BTU/R
For numbers 64 to 66…

An acetone-air mixture containing 0.015 mole fraction of acetone has the mole fraction
reduced to one percent of this value by countercurrent absorption with water in a packed
tower. The gas flowrate G’ is 1 kg/m2·s of air and the water enters at 1.6 kg/m2·s. For
this system, Henry’s law holds and ye = 1.75x, where ye is the mole fraction of acetone in
the vapor in equilibrium with a mole fraction x in the liquid. Calculate the following:

64. Mole fraction of acetone in the effluent water.

a. 0.00315 c. 0.00950
b. 0.00107 d. 0.00576

65. Number of overall gas transfer units.

a. 13.35 c. 10.92
b. 15.00 d. 12.28

66. Number of overall liquid transfer units.

a. 7.42 c. 5.95
b. 6.10 d. 8.68

For numbers 67 to 69…

Perchloric acid (HClO4) can be prepared from a fresh feed containing 90% Ba(ClO4)2 and 10%
HClO4. Sulfuric acid is supplied 20% in excess of the amount to be reacted with the Ba(ClO4)2
in the gross feed. If 17400 lbm HClO4 leave the separator, and the recycle is 6125 lbm
Ba(ClO4)2 over the time period, calculate the following:

67. Overall conversion of Ba(ClO4)2.

a. 25% c. 75%
b. 50% d. 100%

68. Mass of sulfuric acid.

a. 7100 lbm c. 9300 lbm

b. 8600 lbm d. 10700 lbm

69. Per-pass conversion of Ba(ClO4)2.

a. 0.35 c. 0.80
b. 0.70 d. 0.40

For numbers 70 to 72…

Tests on a small scale tank 0.3 m diameter (Rushton impeller, diameter 0.1 m) have shown
that a blending process between two miscible liquids (aqueous solutions, properties
approximately the same as water, i.e. viscosity 1 mN s/m2, density 1000 kg/m3) is
satisfactorily completed after 1 minute using an impeller speed of 250 rev/min. It is
decided to scale up the process to a tank of 2.5 m diameter using the criterion of constant
tip-speed.

70. What speed should be chosen for the larger impeller?

 a. 0.501 Hz c. 0.257 Hz
b. 0.404 Hz d. 0.346 Hz

71. What power will be required?

a. 9.8 W c. 8.3 W
b. 6.6 W d. 5.1 W

72. What will be the blend time in the large tank?

a. 0.90 min c. 1.76 min

b. 1.15 min d. 2.04 min

For numbers 73 to 75…

Water is pumped at 1.4 m3/s from a tank at a treatment plant to a tank at a local works
through two parallel pipes, 0.3 m and 0.6 m diameter, respectively. Assuming turbulent flow
with the friction factor inversely proportional to the one quarter power of the Reynolds
number, calculate the following:

73. The velocity in the 0.3 m diameter pipe.

a. 4.30 m/s c. 2.62 m/s

b. 3.41 m/s d. 2.05 m/s

74. The velocity in the 0.6 m diameter pipe.

a. 4.30 m/s c. 2.62 m/s

b. 3.41 m/s d. 2.05 m/s

75. If a single pipe is used, what diameter will be needed if this flow of water is to be
transported, the pressure drop being the same?

a. 0.34 m c. 0.29 m
b. 0.41 m d. 0.63 m

For numbers 76 to 78…

Propane gas at 20 bar and 400 K is throttled in a steady-state flow process to 1 bar.
Estimate the following:

76. Final temperature of the propane.

a. 327.5 K c. 450.7 K
b. 385.0 K d. 500.4 K

77. Residual entropy of the propane in its initial state.

a. -1.866 J/mol·K c. 3.122 J/mol·K

b. -2.439 J/mol·K d. 1.866 J/mol·K

78. Entropy change associated with the process.

a. 23.80 J/mol·K c. 40.05 J/mol·K

b. 35.76 J/mol·K d. 49.33 J/mol·K
For numbers 79 to 81…

A continuous still is to be used to separate acetic acid, water, and benzene from each
other. On a trial run, the calculated data were as follows: feed (F) composed of an aqueous
acetic acid (HAc) solution (80% HAc, 20% H2O) and benzene (Bz) with mass fraction ΩBz,F;
waste (W) composed of 10.9% HAc, 21.7% H2O, and 67.4% Bz; and HAc product (P) at 350 kg/h.
Data recording the benzene composition of the feed were not taken because of an instrument
defect.

79. Which of the following correctly expresses the HAc balance for the operation?

a. 0.8(ΩBz,F)F = 0.109(F - 350) + 350

b. 0.8(1 - ΩBz,F)F = 0.217W
c. (ΩBz,F)F = 0.674(F - 350)
d. 0.8(1 - ΩBz,F)F = 0.109(F - 350) + 350

80. Which of the following correctly expresses the Bz balance for the operation?

a. 0.8(ΩBz,F)F = 0.109(F - 350) + 350

b. 0.8(1 - ΩBz,F)F = 0.217W
c. (ΩBz,F)F = 0.674(F - 350)
d. 0.8(1 - ΩBz,F)F = 0.109(F - 350) + 350

81. What is the mass percentage of Bz in the feed?

a. 61.68% c. 67.11%
b. 38.32% d. 32.89%

For numbers 82 to 84…

You are asked to recommend, with reasons, the most suitable type of equipment for carrying
out a gas-liquid reaction between a gas A and a solution of a reactant B. Particulars of
the system are as follows:

Concentration of B in solution = 5 kmol/m3

Diffusivity of A in the solution = 1.5x10^–9 m2/s
Rate constant of the reaction (A + B ---> products; second order overall) = 0.03 m3/kmol·s

For bubble dispersions (plate columns, bubble columns, agitated vessels) take kL as having
a range from 2x10^–4 to 4x10^–4 m/s. For a packed column, take kL as having a range from
0.5x10^–4 to 1.0x10^–4 m/s. Calculate the following:

82. The value of the square root of k2CbLDa.

a. 1.5x10^-5 m/s c. 2.1x10^-5 m/s

b. 3.0x10^-5 m/s d. 4.2x10^-5 m/s

83. The range of β for bubble dispersion and packed column.

a. 0.0150-0.0950 (bubble), 0.05-0.60 (packed)

b. 0.0325-0.0600 (bubble), 0.10-0.70 (packed)
c. 0.0400-0.0800 (bubble), 0.20-0.90 (packed)
d. 0.0375-0.0750 (bubble), 0.15-0.30 (packed)

84. The suitable equipment for the reaction.

 a. Packed column c. Agitated vessel
b. Plate column d. Bubble column

For numbers 85 to 87…

Two tanks, the bottoms of which are at the same level, are connected with one another by a
horizontal pipe 75 mm diameter and 300 m long. The pipe is bell-mouthed at each end so that
losses on entry and exit are negligible. One tank is 7 m diameter and contains water to a
depth of 7 m. The other tank is 5 m diameter and contains water to a depth of 3 m. Assuming
the pipe to be of aged mild steel, calculate the following:

85. The average velocity in the pipe.

a. 0.60 m/s c. 0.41 m/s

b. 0.78 m/s d. 0.82 m/s

86. The Reynolds number for the flow in the pipe.

a. 53000 c. 62000
b. 85000 d. 27000

87. The time it will take before the water level in the larger tank has fallen to 6 m.

a. 2.94 h c. 1.57 h
b. 1.32 h d. 2.06 h

For numbers 88 to 90…

Glauber’s salt, Na2SO4.10H2O, is to be produced in a Swenson-Walker crystallizer by cooling

to 290 K a solution of anhydrous Na2SO4 which saturates between 300 K and 290 K. Cooling
water enters and leaves the unit at 280 K and 290 K, respectively, and evaporation is
negligible. The solubilities of anhydrous Na2SO4 in water are 40 and 14 kg/100 kg water at
300 K and 290 K, respectively, the mean heat capacity of the liquor is 3.8 kJ/kg K and the
heat of crystallization is 230 kJ/kg. For the crystallizer, the available heat transfer
area is 3 m2/m length, the overall coefficient of heat transfer is 0.15 kW/m2 K and the
molecular masses are Na2SO4.10H2O = 322 kg/kmol and Na2SO4 = 142 kg/kmol. If the crystallizer
is required to process 0.25 kg/s of the product, calculate the following:

88. The feed rate.

a. 0.487 kg/s c. 0.512 kg/s

b. 0.334 kg/s d. 0.676 kg/s

89. The total heat to be removed.

a. 89.7 kW c. 56.5 kW
b. 76.0 kW d. 80.2 kW

90. The number of sections of crystallizer, each 3 m long, required to process the product.

a. 5 c. 10
b. 6 d. 13

For numbers 91 to 93…

A factory room 200 ft x 45 ft x 12 ft receives through the ventilators 10000 ft3/min of
fresh air, which contains 0.04% CO2 by volume. The helper enters at 7:00AM. A half-hour
later the CO2 content has risen to 0.12%.

91. The rate of CO2 being generated by the helper.

a. 6.01 ft3/min c. 8.53 ft3/min

b. 7.22 ft3/min d. 9.45 ft3/min

92. What value of CO2 content is to be anticipated at 12:00PM?

a. 0.3176% c. 0.1253%
b. 0.2456% d. 0.3777%

93. How much fresh air must be admitted per minute to insure that the CO2 shall never rise
above 0.10%?

a. 13957.4 ft3/min c. 17496.3 ft3/min

b. 16585.9 ft3/min d. 14216.7 ft3/min

For numbers 94 to 96…

A limestone analysis shows 92.89% CaCO3, 5.41% MgCO3, and 1.70% unreactive material. By
heating the limestone, you recover oxides that together are known as lime.

94. How many pounds of calcium oxide can be made from 1 ton of this limestone?

a. 2901 lbm c. 1041 lbm

b. 3550 lbm d. 4400 lbm

95. How many pounds of CO2 can be recovered per pound of limestone?

a. 0.437 lbm c. 0.143 lbm

b. 0.619 lbm d. 0.254 lbm

96. How many pounds of limestone are needed to make 1 ton of lime?

a. 2901 lbm c. 1041 lbm

b. 3550 lbm d. 4400 lbm

For numbers 97 to 99…

A forward-feed double-effect evaporator, having 10 m2 of heating surface in each effect, is

used to concentrate 0.4 kg/s of caustic soda solution from 10 to 50% by mass. During a
particular run, when the feed is at 328 K, the pressures in the two calandrias are 375 and
180 kN/m2, respectively, and the condenser operates at 15 kN/m2. For these conditions,
calculate:

97. The load on the condenser.

a. 0.25 kg/s c. 1.57 kg/s

b. 0.15 kg/s d. 0.28 kg/s

98. The steam economy.

a. 1.57 c. 1.40
 b. 2.26 d. 2.54

99. The overall heat transfer coefficient in each effect.

a. 2.53 & 1.84 kW/m2 K c. 1.85 & 2.90 kW/m2 K

b. 1.04 & 1.94 kW/m2 K d. 2.76 & 2.30 kW/m2 K

For numbers 100 to 102…

In the extraction of acetic acid from an aqueous solution with benzene in a packed column
of height 1.4 m and of cross-sectional area 0.0045 m2, the concentrations measured at the
inlet and outlet of the column are:

Acid concentration in inlet water phase, Cw2 = 0.690 kmol/m3

Acid concentration in outlet water phase, Cw1 = 0.685 kmol/m3
Flowrate of benzene phase = 5.7 cm3/s or 1.27 m3/m2 s
Inlet benzene phase concentration, Cb1 = 0.0040 kmol/m3
Outlet benzene phase concentration, Cb2 = 0.0115 kmol/m3

The equilibrium relationship for this system is: Cb*/Cw* = 0.0247

Calculate the following:

100. Log mean driving force.

a. 0.0432 kmol/m3 c. 0.0087 kmol/m3

b. 0.0055 kmol/m3 d. 0.0681 kmol/m3

101. Overall transfer coefficient for extract film (Kba).

a. 4.0x10^-4 kmol/s m3 (kmol/m3) c. 7.8x10^-4 kmol/s m3 (kmol/m3)

b. 9.5x10^-4 kmol/s m3 (kmol/m3) d. 5.1x10^-4 kmol/s m3 (kmol/m3)

102. Height of the transfer unit.

a. 1.63 m c. 1.17 m
b. 3.02 m d. 3.44 m

For numbers 103 to 105…

A furnace burns coal containing 41% moisture, 24% volatile combustible matter (VCM), 63%
fixed carbon (FC), 1.2% nitrogen, 1.8% sulfur, and 8.9% ash. The calorific value (CV) of
the coal is 32 MJ/kg. Determine the percentages of lost VCM, lost carbon, and lost CV in
the residue if the residue analyzes:

103. 82.6% ash, 4.8% VCM, and 12.6% FC.

a. 0.00%, 3.61%, 2.97%

b. 2.15%, 2.15%, 2.15%
c. 3.76%, 1.08%, 5.33%
d. 4.39%, 6.12%, 5.81%

104. 76% ash and 24% FC.

a. 0.00%, 3.61%, 2.97%

b. 2.15%, 2.15%, 2.15%
c. 3.76%, 1.08%, 5.33%
 d. 4.39%, 6.12%, 5.81%

105. 63.3% ash, 7.5% VCM, and 29.2% FC.

a. 0.00%, 3.61%, 2.97%

b. 2.15%, 2.15%, 2.15%
c. 3.76%, 1.08%, 5.33%
d. 4.39%, 6.12%, 5.81%

For numbers 106 to 108…

Hydrogen gas at 15 psia and 80 deg F is compressed to 75.3 psig at a rate of 20 ft3/min in
a hot environment. Heat is introduced at a rate of 20 BTU/min, and the change in entropy is
0.0268 BTU/min R. At 80 deg F, h = 3660.9 BTU/lbmol, u = 2588.5 BTU/lbmol, and s = 31.232
BTU/lbmol R.

106. What is the final temperature?

a. 875 deg R c. 660 deg R

b. 790 deg R d. 402 deg R

107. Calculate the work done if the process is non-flow.

a. 2.14 hp c. 3.00 hp
b. 4.75 hp d. 5.55 hp

108. Calculate the work done if the process is steady-flow.

a. 245 BTU/min c. 600 BTU/min

b. 397 BTU/min d. 135 BTU/min

For numbers 109 to 111…

A wetted-wall column is used for absorbing sulphur dioxide from air by means of a caustic
soda solution. At an air flow of 2 kg/m2 s, corresponding to a Reynolds number of 5160, the
friction factor R/pu^2 is 0.0200. The tower is at atmospheric pressure. At the temperature
of absorption the following values may be used: the diffusion coefficient for SO2 =
0.116x10^-4 m2/s, the viscosity of gas = 0.018 mN s/m2, and the density of gas stream =
1.154 kg/m3. Calculate the following:

109. The velocity of the air.

a. 2.45 m/s c. 1.73 m/s

b. 1.24 m/s d. 3.11 m/s

110. The value of the hd(Pbm/P) group.

a. 0.0293 c. 0.0419
b. 0.0963 d. 0.0815

111. The mass transfer coefficient in kg SO2/m2 s (kN/m2).

a. 7.56x10^-4 c. 5.25x10^-4
b. 3.12x10^-4 d. 3.99x10^-4
For numbers 112 to 114…

The elementary liquid-phase reaction A + 2B = R with rate equation -rA = -1/2 rB = (12.5
L^2/mol^2 min)CACB^2 – (1.5 min^-1)CR is to take place in a 6-L steady-state mixed-flow
reactor. Two feed streams, one containing 2.8 mol A/liter and the other containing 1.6 mol
B/liter, are to be introduced at equal volumetric flowrates into the reactor, and 75%
conversion of the limiting component is desired. Assume a constant density throughout.
Calculate the following:

112. Concentration of B when mixed with A.

a. 1.4 mol/liter c. 0.6 mol/liter

b. 2.0 mol/liter d. 0.8 mol/liter

113. Final concentration of B.

a. 0.2 mol/liter c. 1.1 mol/liter

b. 0.6 mol/liter d. 0.3 mol/liter

114. Flowrate of each stream.

a. 6 liter/min c. 3 liter/min
b. 4 liter/min d. 1 liter/min

For numbers 115 to 117…

Given that the vapor pressure of n-butane at 350 K is 9.4573 bar as given by the Redlich/Kwong
equation, calculate the following:

115. Molar volume of the saturated n-butane vapor.

a. 2555 cm3/mol c. 3489 cm3/mol

b. 3002 cm3/mol d. 5618 cm3/mol

116. Compressibility factor for the saturated n-butane liquid.

a. 0.83050 c. 0.19921
b. 0.04331 d. 0.54550

117. Molar volume of the saturated n-butane liquid.

a. 214.7 cm3/mol c. 343.0 cm3/mol

b. 133.3 cm3/mol d. 298.9 cm3/mol

For numbers 118 to 120…

A contact sulfuric acid plant produces 98.0% sulfuric acid by absorbing SO3 into a 97.3%
sulfuric acid solution. A gas containing 8.00% SO3 (remainder inerts) enters the SO3
absorption tower at the rate of 28 lbmol/h. 98.5% of the SO3 is absorbed in this tower.
97.3% sulfuric acid is introduced into the top of the tower and 95.9% sulfuric acid from
another part of the process is used as make-up acid. Calculate the following:

118. Tons/day of 95.9% H2SO4 make-up acid solution required.

a. 2060 lb c. 2240 lb
b. 6470 lb d. 4410 lb
119. Tons/day of 97.3% H2SO4 solution introduced into the top of the tower.

a. 2060 lb c. 2240 lb
b. 6470 lb d. 4410 lb

120. Tons/day of 98.0% H2SO4 solution produced.

a. 2060 lb c. 2240 lb
b. 6470 lb d. 4410 lb

121. For a classification of potable water, we use

a.) gravity sand filter b.) plate and frame filter

c.) vacuum leaf filter d.) rotary vacuum filter

122. Vacuum filter is most suitable for

a.) removal of lines from liquid b.) liquid having high vapour pressure
c.) liquids of very high viscosity d.) none of these

123. Filter aid is used

a.) to increase the rate of filtration b.) to decrease the pressure drop
c.) to increase the porosity of the cake d.) as a support base for the septum

124. During the washing of cake

a.) all resistance are constant b.) filter medium resistance increases
c.) filter medium resistance d.) change resistance decreases

125. The porosity of a compressible cake is

a.) minimum at the filter medium b.) minimum at the upstream face
c.) maximum at the filter medium d.) same throughout the thickness

126. The specific cake resistance is

a.) gm / cm2 b.) cm / gm
c.) cm / gm2 d.) gm / gm.

127. The unit of filter medium resistance is

a.) cm-1 b.) gm / cm-1
c.) cm / gm-1 d.) gm -1

128. The medium resistance is controlled by

a.) the pressure drop along
b.) the flow rate alone
c.) both pressure drop and flow rate
d.) the cake thickness

129. Compressibility coefficient for an absolutely compressible cake is

a.) 0 b.) 1
c.) 0 to 1 d.) none of these

130. In continuous filtration (at a constant pressure drop) filtrate flow rate varies
inversely as the
a.) square root of the velocity
b.) square root of the viscosity
c.) filtration time only
d.) washing time only

131. For separation of sugar solution from settled out mud we use
a.) sparkler filter b.) plate and frame
c.) centrifugal filter d.) rotary drum vacuum filter

132. The most common filter aid is

a.) diatomaceous earth b.) calcium silicate
c.) sodium carbonate d.) silica gel

133. Removal of activated carbon from glycerine is done by

a.) plate and frame filter b.) rotary vacuum filter
c.) batch backed centrifuge d.) none of these

134. Filtration of water in a paper mill is done by

a.) open sand filter b.) plate and frame filter
c.) vacuum leaf filter d.) sparkler filter

135. The speed of a rotary drum vacuum filter (in rpm) may be
a.) 1 b.) 50
c.) 100 d.) 500

136. Gelatinous solid (which plug the septum) can be filtered by

a.) sparkler filter b.) plate and frame filter
c.) vacuum leaf filter d.) precost filter

137. For laminar of flow of filtrate through the cake deposited on septum which of
the following with the valid?
a.) Kozency-Carman Equation b.) Leva's equation
c.) Clack-Plummer equation d.) none of these

138. Which of the following may prove unsuitable for filtering volatile liquids?
a.) pressure filter b.) gravity filter
c.) centrifugal filter d.) vacuum filter

139. In washing type plate and frame filter press the ratio of washing rate to the
final filtrate rate is
a.) 4 b.) 1/4
c.) 1 d.) 1/2

140. Moore filter is a

a.) leaf filter b.) filter press
c.) rotary filter d.) sand filter

141. Diatomaceous earth is

a.) explosive b.) filter aid
c.) filter medium d.) none of these

142. Flow of filtrate through cake in a plate and frame filter press is best described
by
a.) Kozency-Carman equation b.) Hagen-Poiseu equation
c.) Fanning's equation d.) Kremser equation

143. A straight line is obtained on plotting reciprocal of filtration rate vs the

volume of filtrate
a.) compressible cakes and laminar flow of filtrate
b.) incompressible cakes and laminar flow of filtrate
c.) compressible cake and turbulent flow of filtrate
d.) incompressible cake and turbulent flow of filtrate

144. Percentage of drum submerged in slurry in case of rotary drum filter is

a.) 3% b.) 30%
c.) 85% d.) 25%

145. Which of the following represents the plot of filtrate cvolume versus time for
constant pressure filtration?
a.) parabola b.) straight line
c.) hyperbola d.) exponential curve

146. With increase in drum speed, in a rotary drum filter, the filtration rate
a.) increases b.) increases linearly
c.) decreases d.) is not affected

147. The inlet pressure in a constant rate filtration

a.) increases continuously b.) decreases
c.) remains constant d.) none of these

148. Which is a continuous filter?

a.) plate and frame filter b.) cartridge filter
c.)shell and leaf filter d.) none of these

149. Addition of filter aid to the slurry before filtration is done to ….. of the
coke
a.) increase the porosity
b.) increase the compressibility coefficient
c.) decrease the porosity
d.) decrease the compressibility coefficient

150. The cake resistance increases steadily with the time of filtration in a plate
and frame filter employing constant ….. filtration
a.) rate b.) pressure
c.) both a and b d.) neither a nor b

151. The controlling resistance in a rotary drum vacuum filter is the …. Resistance
a.) piping b.) cake
c.) filter medium c.) none of these

152. Physical adsorption is

a. an irreversible phenomenon
b. a reversible phenomenon
c. accompanied by evolution of heat
d. both b and c

153. Chemisorption (chemical adsorption) is

a. same as “Van der Waals” adsorption
b. characterized by adsorption of heat
c. also called activated adsorption
d. none of these

154. Rate of adsorption increases as the

a. temperature increases c. pressure decreases
b. temperature decreases d. size of adsorbent increases

155. When adsorption hysteresis is observed, the desorption equilibrium pressure is

a. always lower than that obtained by adsorption
b. always higher than that obtained by adsorption
c. same as that obtained by adsorption
d. dependent on the system can be either lower or higher than that obtained by adsorption

156. Which of the following adsorbent is used to decolorize yellow glycerine?

a. silica gel c. Fuller’s earth
b. alumina d. activated carbon

157. Freundlich equation applies to adsorption of solute from

a. dilute solutions, over a small concentrated range
b. gaseous solutions at high pressure
c. concentrated solutions
d. none of these

158. In case of physical adsorption, the difference between heat of adsorption and
heat of normal condensation is
a. equal to the heat of formation of surface compound
b. equal to the heat of wetting
c. zero
d. called integral heat of adsorption

159. Pick out the wrong statement

Generally for physical adsorption, a gas of
a. higher molecular weight is adsorbed in preference to a gas of low molecular weight
b. high critical temperature is adsorbed in preference to a gas of low critical
temperature
c. low volatility is adsorbed in preference to a gas of high volatility
d. both b and c

160. The change in enthalpy per unit weight of adsorbed gas when adsorbed on gas
free or “outgassed” adsorbent to form a definite concentration of adsorbate is called
its
a. integral heat of adsorption
b. heat of wetting
c. differential heat of adsorption
d. heat of normal condensation

161. With increase in concentration of the adsorbate the integral heat of adsorption
a. increases
b. decreases
c. remains unchanged
d. may increase or decrease; depends on type of adsorbate

162. The change in enthalpy when a unit quantity of gas is adsorbed by a relatively
large quantity of adsorbent (on which a definite concentration of the adsorbed gas
already exists) is termed as the
a. differential heat of adsorption c. integral heat of adsorption
b. heat of wetting d. heat of normal condensation

163. As complete saturation of an adsorbent is approached, the differential heat of

adsorption approaches
a. heat of normal condensation c. zero
b. integral heat of adsorption d. none of these

164. Ion exchange process is similar to

a. absorption c. adsorption
b. extraction d. leaching

165. CO2 can be adsorbed by

a. hot cupric oxide c. Cold Ca (OH)2
b. heated charcoal d. alumina

166. For separation of sugar solution from settled out mud we use
a. sparkler filter c. centrifugal filter
b. plate & frame filter d. rotary drum vacuum filter

167. Moisture can be removed from lubricating oil using

a. tubular centrifuge c. sparkler filter
b. clarifier d. vacuum leaf filter

168. Which of the following can be most effectively used for clarification of tube
oil and printing ink?
a. sparkler filter c. disc-bowl centrifuge
b. precoat filter d. sharpless supercentrifuge

169. If the radius of a basket centrifuge is halved and the rpm is doubled, then
a. linear speed of the basket is doubled
b. linear speed of the basket is halved
c. centrifugal force is doubled
d. capacity of centrifuge is increased

170. Where the difference in density of the two liquid phases to be separated is
very small (as in milk cream separator), the most suitable separator is
a. disc bond centrifuge c. batch basket centrifuge
b. sharpless supercentrifuge d. sparkler filter

171. Froth Flotation is most suitable for treating

a. iron ores c. quartz
b. sulfide ores d. metal ores

172. In Froth Flotation, chemical agent added to cause air adherence is called
a. collector c. modifier
b. frother d. promoter

173. Pine oil used in forth flotation technique acts as a

a. collector c. frother
b. modifier d. activator

174. Which of the following is the most suitable for cleaning of fine coal dust (<
0.5 m)?
a. Through washer c. Spiral separator
b. Baum Jig Washer d. Froth Flotation

175. Critical compressibility factor for all substances

a. are more less constant(vary from 0.2 to 0.3)
b. vary as square of the absolute temperature
c. vary as square of the absolute pressure
d. none of these

176. Reduced pressure of a gas is the ratio of its

a. pressure to critical pressure b. critical pressure to pressure
c. pressure to pseudocritical pressure d. pseudocritical pressure to pressure

177. Compressibility factor-reduced pressure plot on reduced coordinates facilities

a. use only one graph for all gases
b. covering of wider range
c. easier plotting
d. more accurate plotting

178. Number of components (C) phase (P) and degrees of freedom (F) are related by
Gibbs phase rule as
a. P + F – C = 2 b. C =P – F +2
c. F = C –P – 2 d. P = F – C –2

179. Degrees of freedom at triple point will be

a. 0 b. 1
c. 2 d. 3

180. Cp – Cv = R is valid for

a. ideal gases b. all gases
c. gases at very high pressure d. gases at a very low temperature

181. An isolated system can exchange

a. matter with its surroundings
b. energy with its surroundings
c. neither matter nor energy with its surroundings
d. both matter and energy with its surroundings.

182. Heat of formation of an element in its standard state is

a. 0 b. <0
c. >0 d. a function of pressure

183. Heat of reaction is

a. dependent on pressure only
b. dependent on temperature only
c. dependent on both pressure and temperature
d. independent of temperature changes

184. Second law of thermodynamics is concerned with

a. amount of energy transferred
b. direction of energy transfer
c. irreversible process only
d. non-cyclic process only

185. The absolute entropy for all crystalline substances at absolute zero temperature
a. is zero b. is negative
c. is more than zero d. can’t be determined

186. Joule – Thomson coefficient is defined as

a.  = ( ∂P/∂T)H b.  = ( ∂T/ ∂P)H

c.  = ( ∂U/ ∂T)H d.  – ( ∂U/ ∂P)H

187. Mollier diagram is a plot of

a. temperature vs. enthalpy
b. temperature vs. entropy
c. entropy vs. enthalpy
d. temperature vs. internal energy
188. Fill up the blank from among the following:
Near their critical temperature all gases, occupy volumes……… that of the ideal gas
a. less than b. same as
c. more than d. half

189. Charles law for gases states that

a. V/T = constant b. V  1/T

c. V 1/P d. PV/T = constant

190. Absolute zero temperature signifies

a. minimum temperature attainable
b. the temperature of the heat reservoir to which a Carnot engine rejects all the heat
that is taken in
c. the temperature of the heat reservoir to which a Carnot engine rejects no heat
d. none of these

191. Entropy is measure of

a. disorder of a system
b. orderly behavior of a system
c. only temperature changes of the system
d. none of these

192. For spontaneous changes in an isolated system( S = entropy )

a. dS = 0 b. dS < 0
c. dS> 0 d. dS = constant

193. For equilibrium process in an isolated system

a. dS = 0 b. dS < 0
c. dS>0 d. dS = constant

194. The four properties of a system via P,V,T,S are related by

a. Gibbs-Duhem equation b. Gibbs-Helmholtz equation
c. Maxwell’s equation d. none of these

195. In a reversible process

a. TdS = dU + dW b. dU – dW = TdS
c. dW – dU = TdS d. TdS – dW – dU > 0

196. In an irreversible process

a. TdS = UdW = 0 b. dU – dW – TdS = 0
c. TdS – dU – dW <0 d. TdS – dT + dW < 0
197. Cv is given by
a. ( ∂U/ ∂T)v b. ( ∂U/∂V)T
c. ( ∂U/∂P)v d. (∂V/ ∂T)P

198. Third law of thermodynamics is concerned with

a. the value of absolute entropy
b. energy transfer
c. direction of energy transfer
d. none of these

199. Which of the following equation is obtained on combining 1sT and 2nd law of
thermodynamics, for a system of constant mass?
a. dU = TdS – PdV b. dQ = Cv dT + PdV
c. dQ = Cp dT + Vdp d. TdS = dU – PdV

200. The equation TdS = dU – PdV applies to

a. single phase fluid of varying composition
b. single phase fluid of constant composition
c. open as well as closed systems
d. both b and c