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This document describes a student project to estimate the charge induced on two identical styrofoam balls suspended vertically using Coulomb's law. The student acknowledges their teacher and parents for guidance. They provide background on charging by friction and Coulomb's law. The procedure involves rubbing a glass rod to charge it, then using it to induce equal charges on the balls. By measuring the distance between the balls, the induced charge is calculated using equations relating force, charge, distance and each ball's mass. The results are presented along with references used.

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prakhar jaiswal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
860 views

Python

This document describes a student project to estimate the charge induced on two identical styrofoam balls suspended vertically using Coulomb's law. The student acknowledges their teacher and parents for guidance. They provide background on charging by friction and Coulomb's law. The procedure involves rubbing a glass rod to charge it, then using it to induce equal charges on the balls. By measuring the distance between the balls, the induced charge is calculated using equations relating force, charge, distance and each ball's mass. The results are presented along with references used.

Uploaded by

prakhar jaiswal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

D.P.

Public School, Allahabad

Topic: - To estimate the charge induced on


each one of the two identical styro foam balls
(or pith balls) suspended in a vertical plane by
making use of Coulomb’s law.
Class: - 12th C
Submitted To: - Ashish Sir
Submitted By: - Prakhar Jaiswal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to thank our chemistry
teacher “Mr. Ashish sir” who has given us this
golden opportunity for making this project and
also given us guidance and support.
Secondly I would like to thank my parents and
guardian who supported me in making this
project and also helped me in making this
project.
At last but not the least I would like to thank all
my friends who helped me in getting ideas for
making this project.
Index
S.No. Title Date Remarks
1. To estimate the charge induced 04/11/2019
on each one of the two identical
Styro foam balls suspended in
a vertical plane by making use of
Coulomb’s law.
PROJECT
Objective-
To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical
styro foam balls (or pith balls) suspended in a vertical plane by
making use of Coulomb’s law.
Theory-
The fundamental concept in electrostatics is electrical charge.
We are all familiar with the fact that rubbing two materials
together - for example, a rubber comb on cat fur - produces a
“static” charge. This process is called charging by friction.
The charged particles which make up the universe come in three
kinds: positive, negative, and neutral. Neutral particles do not
interact with electrical forces. Charged particles exert electrical
and magnetic forces on one another, but if the charges are
stationary, the mutual force is very simple in form and is given by
Coulomb’s Law:
Where F is the electrical force between any two stationary
charged particles with charges q1 and q2 (measured in
coulombs), r is the separation between the charges (measured in
meters), and k is a constant of nature (equal to 9x109 Nm2/C2 in
SI units).
The study of the Coulomb forces among arrangements of
stationary charged particles is called electrostatics. Coulomb’s
Law describes three properties of the electrical force:
1) The force is inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between the charges, and is directed along the straight
line that connects their centers.
2) The force is proportional to the product of the magnitude of
the charges.
3) Two particles of the same charge exert a repulsive force on
each other, and two particles of opposite charge exert an
attractive force on each
other.
Most of the common objects we deal with in the macroscopic
(human-sized) world are electrically neutral. They are composed
of atoms that consist of negatively charged electrons moving in
quantum motion around a positively charged nucleus. The total
negative charge of the electrons is normally exactly equal to the
total positive charge of the nuclei, so the atoms (and therefore
the entire object) have no net electrical charge. When we charge
a material by friction, we are transferring some of the electrons
from one material to another.
Materials such as metals are conductors. Each metal atom
contributes one or two electrons that can move relatively freely
through the material. A conductor will carry an electrical
current. Other materials such as glass are insulators. Their
electrons are bound tightly and cannot move. Charge sticks on an
insulator, but does not move freely through it.

A neutral particle is not affected by electrical forces.


Nevertheless, a charged object will attract a neutral macroscopic
object by the process of electrical polarization. For example, if a
negatively charged rod is brought close to an isolated, neutral
insulator, the electrons in the atoms of the insulator will be
pushed slightly away from the negative rod, and the positive
nuclei will be attracted slightly toward the negative rod. We say
that the rod has induced polarization in the insulator, but its net
charge is still zero.
The polarization of charge in the insulator is small, but now its
positive charge is a bit closer to the negative rod, and its
negative charge is a bit farther away. Thus, the positive charge is
attracted to the rod more strongly than the negative charge is
repelled, and there is an overall net attraction. If the negative rod
is brought near an isolated, neutral conductor, the conductor will
also be polarized. In the conductor, electrons are free to move
through the material, and some of them are repelled over to the
opposite surface of the conductor, leaving the surface near the
negative rod with a net positive charge. The conductor has been
polarized, and will now be attracted to the charged rod. Now if we
connect a conducting wire or any other conducting material from
the polarized conductor to the ground, we provide a “path”
through which the electrons can move. Electrons will actually
move along this path to the ground. If the wire or path is
subsequently disconnected, the conductor as a whole is left with
a net positive charge. The conductor has been charged without
actually being touched with the charged rod, and its charge is
opposite that of the rod. This procedure is called charging by
induction.

Materials Required-
• Small size identical balls (pitch or soft plastic)
• Physical balance or electrical balance
• Half meter scale
• Cotton thread
• Small stand
• Glass rod
• Silk cloth
Procedure-
1. Measure the mass (m) of each of the two identical pith
balls using a physical balance. 2. Hang the two balls from a
rigid support using light silk or cotton threads of same
length ‘l’.
3. Rub the glass rod silk cloth to induce charge on it. Now
touch the glass rod with both the pith balls together so that
equal charge is induced on both the balls.
4. When left freely, the two balls will repel each other.
Measure the distance between the balls when are at rest.
Note down the distance.
5. To change the charge on ball, take third uncharged ball
touch it to any one of the two balls and take the third ball
away, and repeat step 4.
6. Take other uncharged suspended with other uncharged
4th ball and take the 4th ball away and repeat step 4.
Observations-
Mass of the pith balls m= 200 gm = 0.2kg.
Radius of the ball a = 0.2 cm.
Length of thread l = 100 cm.
Result-
Let the force between two stationary charges be F.
F = k*q1*q2/r2
The weight of the ball w = mg =
0.2 * 9.8 = 1.96
The restoring force on each ball =
mg sinθ
From the diagram in the right in triangle ABC
Sinθ = x/2l
Let the charge on each ball be q1, q2 and q3 then at
equilibrium –
mg sinθ = (kq×q)/x2
Charge on the pith ball (q) = √ ((mgr3)/2kl)
= √ ((1.96*333*10-6)/2*9x109 *1)
= 2µC
Bibliography
To make this project we have taken help from
th
Physics book of class 12 of ‘NCERT publication’
and internet for more information.

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