Lecture 7
Lecture 7
Lecture 7
Announcements:
Makeup lecture this Friday, 12-1:10, Hewlitt 102 (w/pizza)
I will have an extra OH Friday 2-3 and by appt.
Next HW posted today, due 10/14 5pm (ext. to 10/19 by rqst)
Wideband Channels
Scattering Functions
Multipath Intensity Profile
Doppler Power Spectrum
Review of Last Lecture
Signal Envelope Distribution
LLN leads to Rayleigh distribution (exponential power)
Ricean distribution when LOS component present
Measurements support Nakagami distribution
l Will be useful in later BER and diversity calculations
2
t R (e 1) /( f D 2 )
Review Continued:
Markov Models for Fading
R2
Model for fading dynamics A2
R1
Simplifies performance analysis
A1
R0
A0
1 / Bu 1 / Bu
1 2
Narrowband Wideband
Scattering Function
Fourier transform of c(t) relative to t
Typically characterize its statistics, since
c(,t) is different in different environments
Underlying process WSS and Gaussian, so
only characterize mean (0) and correlation
Autocorrelation is Ac(1,2,t)=Ac(,t)
Statistical scattering function:
s(,)=Ft[Ac(,t)]
Multipath Intensity Profile
Ac()
TM
Defined as Ac(,t=0)= Ac()
Determines average (TM ) and rms () delay spread
Approximate max delay of significant m.p.
Coherence bandwidth Bc=1/TM
Maximum frequency over which Ac(f)=F[Ac()]>0
Ac(f)=0 implies signals separated in frequency by f
will be uncorrelated after passing through channel
Tm 1 / Bu Bu Bc
1 Ac(f)
f
2
0 Bc
Doppler Power Spectrum
Sc()
Sc()=F[Ac(,t)]= F[Ac(t)] Bd