Lecture 3

1/17/2017
Lecture 3: Potential Energy based
Methods
APL705 Finite Element Method
Potential Energy Formulation
• Admissible configuration
A d i ibl
An admissible configuration is any configuration that satisfy
fi ti i fi ti th t ti f
internal compatibility and essential boundary conditions.
• Potential energy or total potential energy
includes the strain energy of elastic distortion
and the potential possessed by applied loads,
by virtue of their having capacity to do work if
displaced through a distance
1
1/17/2017
• The stresses are related to strains, and strains in turn are
related to displacements. This gives rise to second order
p g
PDEs. The solution of system of such equations is difficult
to obtain for general problems.
• For problems involving complex geometries with general
boundary and loading conditions, we need to formulate
and find solutions.
• The two approximate methods to obtain solutions to
e t o app o ate et ods to obta so ut o s to
such problems are
– (i) potential energy methods
– (ii) variational methods
Potential Energy Method
• For conservative systems, the work potential is independent
of the path taken. This means that, if the system is displaced
of the path taken. This means that, if the system is displaced
from given configuration and brought back to it, then the
forces do zero work irrespective of the path taken.
• Minimum Potential Energy Principle
For conservative systems, of all kinematically admissible
displacement fields, those corresponding to equilibrium
extremize the total potential energy. If the extremum
the total potential energy If the extremum condition
condition
is a minimum, the equilibrium state is stable.
Note: Kinematically admissible displacements are those that satisfy the
single‐valued nature of displacements and boundary conditions.
2
1/17/2017
• Total potential energy
π = strain energy (U)+ work potential (WP)
π = strain energy (U)+ work potential (WP)
• For a linear elastic material, the strain energy per unit volume
of the body is given as 1 σ T ε
• The total strain energy is U = 12 ∫ σ εdv
2 T
V
• The work potential is
WP = − ∫ uT f dv − ∫ uT T ds − ∑ uiT Pi
V S i
• Total potential is
π = 12 ∫ σ T εdv − ∫ uT f dv − ∫ uT T ds − ∑ uiT Pi
V V S i
Potential Energy Example
• Example 1.1 (C&B)
π = 12 k1δ12 + 12 k2δ22 + 12 k3δ32 + 12 k4δ 42 − F1q1 − F3q3

where δ1 = q1 − q2 , δ 2 = q2 , δ3 = q3 − q2 and δ 4 = −q3
3
1/17/2017
• For equilibrium of this system we have
∂π
= 0 i = 1, 2, 3
∂qi
• The equations are
∂π
= k1 (q1 − q2 ) − F1 = 0
∂q1
∂π
= −k1 (q1 − q2 ) + k2 q2 − k3 (q3 − q2 ) = 0
∂q2
∂π
= −k3 (q3 − q2 ) + k3q3 − F3 = 0
∂q3
• Putting into the matrix form [K]{q}={F}
⎡ k −k1 0 ⎤⎧ q ⎫ ⎧ F ⎫
⎢ 1 ⎥⎪ 1 ⎪ ⎪ 1 ⎪
⎢ −k1 k1 + k2 + k3 −k3 ⎥⎨ q2 ⎬ = ⎨ 0 ⎬
⎢ ⎥⎪ ⎪ ⎪ F ⎪
⎢⎣ 0 −k3 k3 + k4 ⎥⎦⎪⎩ q3 ⎪⎭ ⎪⎩ 3 ⎭⎪
4
1/17/2017
Rayleigh‐Ritz Methods
• There is a need for systematic and general way of
obtaining [K]
obtaining [K]
One of the best ways is Rayleigh‐Ritz method.
It uses an approximation field to the entire domain of interest. In
FEM, this approximating function is defined in piecewise form.
For using the Rayleigh‐Ritz method we need to have a functional.
A functional is a an integral expression that implicitly contains
the differential equations that describe the system. These
the differential equations that describe the system. These
functionals will be used to formulate finite element problems
here.
Strong and Weak Forms of Equations
• Strong Form– differential equations are said to state a
problem in a strong form
problem in a strong form.
• Weak form – an integral expression such as a functional
which implicitly contains a differential equations is called
a weak form.
• The strong form states conditions that must be met at
every material point, whereas weak form states
conditions that must be met only in an average sense.
• A functional such as that of potential energy π, contains
integrals that span line, area or volume of interest.

Lecture 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1/17/2017

π = 12 k1δ12 + 12 k2δ22 + 12 k3δ32 + 12 k4δ 42 − F1q1 − F3q3

You might also like