CHAPTER – 3 ENERGY PRINCIPLES

3.1 A simple pendulum of mass m and length L is released from rest in the horizontal position. The cord hits peg B and
begins to wrap around it. Determine the smallest value of d (=AB) for which the mass m will follow a complete circle
about peg B. [ANS. d=0.6 L]

3.2 Two collars of mass M each can slide on a frictionless rod. The collars are connected by means of strings of length
L(m) to a mass 3 M(kg). Initially the distance between the collars is L(m) when the mass 3 M is released from rest at
the position shown. Determine the velocity with which the masses collide. Ans. 0.402 gL
3.3 What value of constant force P is required to bring the 100 kg body, which starts from rest, to a velocity of 30 m/s in
20 m? Neglect friction.

3.4 A light cable is wrapped around two drums fixed between a pair of blocks. The system has a mass of 50 kg. If a 250-
N tension is exerted on the free end of the cable, what is the velocity change of the system after 3 m of travel down
the incline? The body starts from rest. Take d for all surfaces as 0.05. [ANS. 3.98 m/s]
3.5 A 50 kg mass on a spring is moved so that it extends the spring 50 mm from its unextended position. If the
coefficient of friction between the mass and the supporting surface is 0.3
a) What is the velocity of the mass as it returns to the underformed configuration of the spring?
b) How far will the spring be compressed when the mass stops instantaneously before starting to the left.[ANS.
0.454 m/s, 20.6 mm]
3.6 A freight car weighing 90 kN is rolling at a speed of 1.7 m/s toward a spring stop system. If the spring is nonlinear
such that it develops a 0.0450 x2 –kN force for a deflection of x mm, what is the maximum deceleration that the car
A undergoes? [ANS. 45. m/s2]

3.7 A particle of mass 10 kg is acted on by the following force field - F  5 xi  16  2 y  j  20k ( N ) ,when it is at
the origin, the particle has a velocity V0 given a by- V0  5i  10 j  8 m/s. What is the kinetic energy when it
reaches position (20,5,10) while moving along a frictionless path? Does the shape of the path between the origin
and (20,5,10) affect the result? (Ans. 2250J)

3.8 A block weighing 50 kg is shown on an inclined surface. The block is released at the position shown at a rest
condition. What is the maximum compression of the spring? The spring has a spring constant k of 10 N/mm and the
coefficient of friction between the block and the incline is 0.3.

3.9 A weight W is to be lowered by a man. He lets the rope slip through his hands while maintaining a tension of 130N
on the rope. What is the maximum weight W that he can handle if the weight is not to exceed a speed of 5 m/s,
starting from rest and dropping 3 m? Use the coefficients of friction shown in the diagram. Neglect the mass of the
rope. There are three wraps of rope around the post. [ANS. W=121 kN]

3.10 A body A of mass 1 kg is moving at time t=0 with a speed V of 1 m/s on a smooth cylinder as shown. What is
the speed of the body when it arrives at B? Take r=2m.

3.11 A children’s boat ride can be found in many amusement parks. Small boats each weighing 100 kg are rotated in
a tank of water. If the system is rotating with a speed  of 10 rpm, what is the kinetic energy of the system? Assume
that each boat has two 30 kg children on board and that the kinetic energy of the supporting structure can be
accounted for by “lumping” an additional 15 kg into each boat. If a wattmeter indicates that 4 kW of power is being
absorbed by the motor turning the system, what is the drag for each boat? Take the mechanical efficiency of the
motor to be 80%. (Refer Figure)

3.12 A block A of mass 200 g slides on a frictionless surface as shown in figure. The spring constant K 1 is 25 N/m
and initially, at the position shown, it is stretched 0.40 m. An elastic cord connects the top support to point C on A. It
has a spring constant K2 of 10.26 N/m. Furthermore, the cord disconnects from C at the instant that C reaches point
G. If A is released from rest at the indicated position, what value of  corresponds to the position B where A just
loses contact with the surface? The elastic cord is initially unstretched. [ANS. =4.340]
3.13 A block weighing 5 kg is released from rest where the springs acting on the body are horizontal and have a
tension of 50N each. What is the velocity of the block after it has descended 100 mm, if each spring has a spring
constant K=10 N/cm.

3.14 Masses A and B (both are 75 kg) are constrained to move in frictionless slots. They are connected by a light bar
of length 0.3m, and weight B is connected by two springs of equal spring constant K=900N/m. The springs are
unstretched when the connecting bar is vertical. What is the velocity of B when A descends a distance of 25mm?
[ANS. 0.1524 m/s]

3.15 A body A is released from rest on a vertical circular path as shown. If a constant resistance force of 1N acts
along the path, what is the speed of the body when it reaches B? The mass of the body is 0.5 kg and the radius r of
the path is 1.6m. [ANS. 2.853 m/s]

3.16 A chain of total length L is released from rest on a smooth support as shown. Determine the velocity of the
chain when the last link moves off the horizontal surface. In this problem, neglect friction. Also, do not attempt to
account for centrifugal effects stemming from the chain links rounding the corner. (Refer figure). Ans. yg/L (L2-a2)

3.17 A cylinder of radius R rotates about its own axis with an angular speed of . If the total mass is M, show that
the kinetic energy is 1 / 4  MR 2 2

3.18 A pendulum has a bob with a comparatively large uniform disc of diameter 2m and mass M of 3kg. At the
instant shown, the system has an angular speed  of 0.3 rad/s. If we neglect the mass of the rod, what is the kinetic
energy of the pendulum at this instant? What error is incurred if one considers the bob to be a particle as we have
done earlier for smaller bobs?
3.19 A cylinder with a mass of 25 kg is released from rest on an incline, as shown. The shaft diameter of the cylinder
is 300mm. If the cylinder rolls without slipping, compute the speed of the center after the cylinder has moved 1.6m
along the incline. Ascertain the friction force acting on the cylinder. The radius of gyration K about 0 is
0.30 2  m . (Ans. 81.75N)

3.20 Cylinders A and B each have a mass of 25 kg and a diameter of 300 mm. Block C, riding on A and B, has a
mass of 100 kg. If the system is released from rest at the configuration shown, what is the speed of C after the
cylinders have made half a revolution? (Hint:- you can find KE of a cylinder rotating about its ours axis as MR 2ω2/4.)
(Ans. 2.58 m/s).

3.21 A 15 kg vehicle has two bodies (each with mass 1kg) mounted on it, and these bodies rotate at an angular
speed of 50 rad/s relative to the vehicle. If a 500-N force acts on the vehicle for a distance of 17m, what is the
kinetic energy of the system assuming that the vehicle starts from rest and the bodies in the vehicle have constant
rotational speed? Neglect friction and the inertia of the wheels.

3.22 A body of weight 1kN is on a horizontal table linked to a spring of stiffness 500 N/m as shown. =0.08 between
the body and the table. If the body is displaced through a distance of 0.5m from the position when the spring force is
 zero and released at zero velocity, find out how many times it will oscillate and where it will come to rest finally. At
this position of rest what are the spring force and friction force?

3.23 The motor M of the hoist shown operates with an efficiency of 0.85. Determine the power in watts that must be
supplied to the motor to lift the crate C having a weight 35kg. Point P on the cable is being drawn in with an
acceleration of 1.25 m/s2 and at the instant shown, its speed is 0.6m/s.

3.24 A smooth 2kg collar C shown fits loosely on the vertical shaft. If the spring is unstretched when the collar is at A,
in level with B (in the dashed position A) determine the speed at which the collar is moving when y=1m, if (a) it is
released from rest at A (b) it is released at A with an upward velocity VA=2m/s. [Ans. (a) 4.39 m/s, (b) 4.82 m/s]
3.25 Compute the work done by the force along the two paths (1) and (2) from A to G. The force is
F  y 2 i  z 2 j  x 2 k Refer fig.

3.26 Find out, if the following are conservative forces –

d) F  3 x 2 i  5 y 2 j  7 zk
e) F  5r
f)  
F  3 x 2 i  x 2 i  5 y 2 j  7 zk
g) F  3r e R  3 zk
h) F  A( y 2  z 2 )i  B( z 2  x 2 ) j  C ( x 2  y 2 )k
i) F  3 sin 2ti  5 cos 7tj  9t 2 k
j) F  5r
k) F  Ax 3 yi  Bx 4 j

3.27 For the above force fields, find the potential energy associated with each of the conservative fields. (for h and k
above, find A, B and C for F to be conservation)

3.28 Compute the work done by a force F  x 3 yi  x 4 y 3 j ( N ) on a particle as it moves from (0,0) to (2,8) along
the path y=x3.

3.29 A 1kg particle is moving along a parabolic wire y=2x 2. The force field F  ( x 2  y 2 )i  xyj acts on the
particle. If the particle begins from rest at (1,2), determine its velocity at (3,18).

3.30 The rope shown in (a)-part of the figure is released from rest on the smooth semi-circular surface and acquires
a velocity v, when all of it slips off as shown in (b) - part. Find v.

CHAPTER – 4 IMPULSE MOMENTUM PRINCIPLES

4.1 A particle of mass 1kg is initially stationary at the origin of reference. A force given by
F (t )  t 2 i  (6t  10) j  1.6t 3 k ( N ) where t is in seconds act on the particle After 10s, what is the velocity
of the body?

4.2
 a) A body of mass 16kg is required to change its velocity from V1  2i  4 j  10k m/s to a velocity of
V2  10i  5 j  20k m/s in 10s. What average force F over this time interval will do the job?
b) In the above problem, find the force as a function of time for the case where force varies linearly with time
starting with a zero value. [ANS. (a) 12.8i+14.4j+48k (N); (b) (2.56i-2.88j+9.6k)t (N)]

4.3 A vertical conveyor has sprocket A as the driver, and sprocket B turns freely. The bodies to be lifted are pushed onto
the conveyor belt by a plunger C and are taken off from the conveyor at D as shown in the diagram. If the belt runs
at 2m/s and the bodies being transported each has a mass of 0.25kg, what average torque is required by the driving
sprocket A? On the average, 40 bodies are on the conveyor at any time.[ANS. 14.76 N-m]

4.4 An 890 N rowboat containing a 668 N man is pushed off the dock by an 800 N man. The speed that is imparted to
the boat is 0.3 m/s by this push. The man then leaps into the boat from the dock in the direction of motion of the
boat. When the two men have settled down in the boat and before rowing commences, what is the speed of the
boat? Neglect water resistance. [ANS. 0.402m/s]

4.5 A hawk is a predatory bird which often attacks smaller birds in flight. A hawk having a mass of 1.3kg is swooping
down on a sparrow of mass 0.15kg. Just before seizing the sparrow with its claws, the hawk is moving downward
with a speed of 20km/h. The sparrow is moving at 15km/h. Directly after seizure, what is the speed of the hawk and
its prey? What is the kinetic energy loss in this process? [ANS. 18 kmph; 3.24 J]

4.6 As the 1,000 kg automobile descends the hill, the total traction force exerted between the tyres and the ground
varies as shown, where a negative value represents braking. The initial speed of the car was 72kmph. Determine
the speed of the car (a) after 15s and (b) after 30s. Neglect air resistance. [ANS. 2.86 m/s uphill, 38.2 m/s uphill]

4.7 A 16 kg carriage moves horizontally in its guide with a speed of 1.2 m/s and carries two assemblies of balls and light
rods that rotate about a shaft at O in the carriage. Each of the 4 balls has a mass of 1.6kg. The assembly on the
front face rotates CCW at 80rpm and that on the back rotates CW at 100rpm. For the entire system, calculate (a) the
K.E., (b) the linear momentum and (c) the angular momentum about O. [ANS. 54.66J, 26.88 kg m/s, 2.41 kg m2/s]
4.8 Two cylinders move along a smooth rod. Cylinder A (mass 10kg) moves to the right at 3m/s, while B (mass 5kg)
moves to the left at 2.5 m/s. What is the speed of the cylinder B after impact for a coefficient of restitution of 0.8?
What is the loss in the kinetic energy?[ANS. 4.1 m/s, 18.15J]

4.9 Assume a perfectly plastic impact as the 5kg body falls from a height of 2.6 m onto a plate of mass 2.5kg. This plate
is mounted on a spring having a spring constant of 1772 N/m. Compute the maximum deflection of the spring after
impact. [ANS. 0.338 m]
4.10 A thin disc weighing 5kg translates along a frictionless surface at a speed of 6 m/s. The disc strikes a square
stationary plate B weighing 8kg at the center of a side. What are the velocity and direction of motion of the plate and
the disc after collision? Assume that the surfaces of the plate and disc are smooth. Take =0.7

4.11 A ball is thrown against a floor at an angle of 60 with a speed at impact of 16 m/s. What is the angle of
rebound? =0.7. Neglect friction.[ANS. 50.50]

4.12
a) A small elastic ball is dropped from a height of 5m onto a rigid cylindrical body of radius 1.5m. At what position
on the x-axis does the ball land? [ANS. 9.093m]
b) Solve the above problem for =0.6. [ANS. 4.464m]

4.13 Three identical collars slide over a smooth horizontal rod. Initially the block A is moving to the left at speed V
and the other blocks are at rest. Determine how many collisions will occur and the velocity of each block after all
collisions are over. Let the coefficient of restitution between the collars be , where 0<<1
[ ANS. 3 Collisions. Va  v  3  3ε  ε2  ε3  8, V  V  3  ε  3ε2  ε3  8, Vc  V  1  ε2  4 ]
  b    

4.14 Two disks sliding over a horizontal surface collide in the position shown. The masses of the disks are 0.8kg for
A and 0.2kg for B. The coefficient of restitution is 0.8. the initial velocity of B and the final velocity of A are unknown.
Find them.

4.15 A boat containing a man is moving near a dock. See figure. He throws out a light line and lassos a piling on the
dock at A. He starts drawing in on the line so that when he is in the position shown, the line is taut and has a length
of 8m. His speed is 1.5m/s in a direction normal to the line. If the net horizontal force F on the boat from tension in
the line and from water resistance is maintained at 250N essentially in the direction of the line, what is the
component of his velocity towards piling A after the man has pulled in 1m of the line The boat and the man have a
combined weight of 180kg.

4.16 A particle rotates at 30rad/s along a frictionless surface at a distance of 0.6m from the centre. A flexible cord
restrains the particle. If this cord is pulled so that the particle moves inward at a velocity of 1.5m/s, what is the
magnitude of the total velocity when the particle is 0.3m from the centre?
4.17 A system is shown rotating freely with an angular speed  of 2rad/s. A mass A of 1.5kg is held at P against a
spring such that the spring is compressed 100mm. If the device P holding the mass in position is suddenly removed,
determine how far toward the vertical axis of the system the mass will move. The spring constant K is 0.531 N/mm.
Neglect friction and inertia of the bars. The spring is not connected to the mass.[ANS. 0.205 m]

4.18 A body of mass 5kg is moving at a speed of 6m/s on a frictionless surface. An elastic cord AO, which has a
length 6m becomes taut but not stretched at the position shown in the diagram. What is the radial speed toward O of
the body when the cord is stretched 0.6m? The cord has an equivalent spring constant 1.5 N/cm.

4.19 Two masses slide along bar AB at a constant speed of 1.5m/s. Bar AB rotates freely about axis CD. Consider
only the mass of the sliding bodies to determine the angular acceleration of AB when the bodies are 1.5m from CD if
the angular velocity at that instant is 10rad/s.[ANS. -20rad/s2]
4.20 If the coefficient of restitution is 0.8 for the two spheres shown, what are the maximum angles from the vertical
that the spheres will reach after the first impact? [ANS. 5.47 and 29.9]

4.21 A pellet is shot at the hard, rigid surface. The speed of the pellet is 100m/s as it strikes the surface. The direction
of the velocity of the pellet is given by -0.6i -0.8k. Find the final velocity vector of the pellet for a collision having
=0.7. [ANS. 53.7i+23.6j-8.7k m/s]( Hint: AB  BC given a vector normal to ABC).

4.22 Two thin discs A and B slide along a frictionless surface. Each disc has a radius of 25mm. Disc A has a mass of
85g, whereas disc B has a mass of 227g. What are the speeds of the discs after collision for =0.7? Neglect friction.
Refer figure.[ANS. 2.74 and 1.014 m/s]

4.23 A set of particles, each having a mass of 0.5 N rotates about axis AA. The masses are moving out radially at a
constant speed of 1.5 m/s at the same time that they are rotating about AA. When they are 0.3m from AA, the
angular velocity is 5 rad/s and at that instant a torque is applied in the direction of motion which varies with time t in
seconds as Torque = 6t2 + 10t N-m. What is the angular velocity when the masses have moved out radially at
constant speed to 0.6m? See fig.

4.24 A uniform rod with a mass of 7 kg/m rests flat on a frictionless surface. A force of 250N acts on the rod as
shown. What is the angular acceleration of the rod? What is the acceleration of the mass centre? Ans.1.856 rad/s2 ,
3.09i – 1.786j m/s2
4.25 A 50 g bullet traveling at 400 m/s in the direction shown, hits and is embedded in the 4 kg sphere. The impact is
completed in 0.05s. Find (a) the average increase in the tension of the cable during the impact; (b) the speed of the
sphere immediately after the impact, and (c) the height to which the sphere rises after the impact.

4.26 Refer fig. A 20 kg shell has a muzzle velocity of 500 m/s. The shell emerges 1 ms after being fired. The mass of
the barrel and its movable support is 600 kg. Also, the spring has a stiffness of 1000 kN/m. Compute , a)The average
increase in the reaction force on the rails during the firing., b) The recoil velocity of the barrel., c)The maximum
distance that the spring is compressed.

4.27 A particle mass 0.5kg has a velocity 10m/s in the x direction at time t=0. Forces F1 and F2 act on the
particle, and their magnitudes change with time according to the graphs shown. Determine the velocity of the particle
at the end of 3s. Ans.V  (6i  8 j ) m / s

4.28 A particle is given an initial velocity VO tangent to the horizontal rim of a smooth hemispherical bowl of radius ro
from the vertical centre time, as shown at point A. As the particle slides past point B, a distance h below A, and a
distance r from the vertical centre line, its velocity v makes an angle  with the horizontal tangent to the bowl at B.
Find .

1
  Cos 1
Ans. 2 gh  h 2 
1 1  
V02  r02 


4.29