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2.

The
2.base of a winch is bolted to a mounting plate with four
bolts. The base and the mounting plate are flat surfaces made of
steel; the friction coefficient of these surfaces in contact is s
0.40. The bolts provide a normal force of 2700 N each. What
maximum static friction force will act between the steel surfaces
and help oppose lateral slippage of the winch on its base?

R\:
9. A baseball player sprinting at 4.5 m/s begins to slide with his body flat on the ground
when 2.8 m from home base. The coefficient of friction between the player’s uniform and
the ground is 0.30. Does he make it home? If so, what is his speed as he reaches home?

R\:

9
where the – sign means the acceleration points in the
opposite direction from the velocity. Since the player is on level ground with no vertical forces
other than gravity and the normal force acting,
22
N mg µk a = . = 0.30 = (0.30)(9.81 m/s ) = 2.94 m/s .
⇒
−− The distance required for him to
stop is
22
3.4 m. Since he only has to slide 2.8 m to reach home, he
will easily reach the plate. His speed when he reaches the plate will be

R\:
†6-17. A free body diagram for the sled is shown. P is the pull exerted
by the girl, m is the mass of the sled, N is the normal force
exerted by the ground on the sled, and f is the kinetic friction
force between the sled and the ground. Take x to point right
and y to point up. Then sin30 0
y
F N P mg
−
∑
because the sled does not move in the y direction.
cos30 0
x
FP f
−

because the sled is being pulled at constant velocity. From the
equation for ,
∑F sin 30 .
y

N mg P − From the equation for


∑F , cos30 cos30 cos30 0.
x
kk
P f P NP N
−−−
Thus
cos30 ( sin30 ) 0,
k
P mg P

−−
which gives
cos30 sin 30
k
k
mg
P




2
2
(0.60)(40 kg)(9.81 m/s )
2.0 × 10 N.
cos30 (0.60)sin30


28. Two masses, of 2.0 kg each, connected by a string slide down a
ramp making an angle of 50 with the horizontal (Fig. 6.30).
The mass m1 has a coefficient of kinetic friction 0.60, and the
mass m2 has a coefficient of kinetic friction 0.40. Find the
acceleration of the masses and the tension in the string
R\;

**33. Two masses m1 1.5 kg and m2 3.0 kg are connected by a


thin string running over a massless pulley. One of the masses
hangs from the string; the other mass slides on a 35 ramp
with a coefficient of kinetic friction k 0.40 (Fig. 6.33).
What is the acceleration of the masses?
Free body diagrams for the two masses are shown. Let the
tension on the string be T. Take the +x direction for m1 to
point up the ramp. For m2, take the + direction to point up.
The sum of forces perpendicular to the ramp is zero because
there’s no motion in that direction. Thus
1 cos35 .

N mg 
The magnitude of the kinetic friction force is µkN¸so the sum
of forces along the x direction is
1 1 11
cos35 sin 35 .
k
T mg mg ma

−−
For m2, the sum of
forces gives
2 22
.
T mg ma
−
If m2 moves down, then m1
must move up the ramp. Thus the accelerations a1 and a2
must have opposite signs. If the string connecting them
doesn’t stretch and has negligible mass, then the
accelerations
must have the same magnitude. Thus we conclude that a2 = –a1, which we’ll just call a. Then the
two force equations become 1 1
(sin 35 cos35 )
k
T mg ma

−
and 2 2
.
mg T ma
− Adding the
two equations eliminates T and gives
R\:

39. A rubber band of relaxed length 6.3 cm stretches to 10.2 cm


under a force of 1.0 N, and to 15.5 cm under 2.0 N. Does this
rubber band obey Hooke’s Law?
R\:

45. Solid materials can act much like springs. Consider a steel
cable with radius 2.0 cm and length 20 m, which has a spring
constant of 1.4 107 N/m. If a 1500-kg elevator car is hung
from this cable, how much does the cable stretch?
R\:

50. The Moon moves around the Earth in a circular orbit of


radius 3.8 108 m in 27 days. The mass of the Moon is
7.3 1022 kg. From these data, calculate the magnitude of the
force required to keep the Moon in its orbit.

R\:

57. A geosynchronous satellite orbits the Earth once per day; this
requires an orbital radius of 4.23 104 km. From these data,
deduce the weight of a (stationary) 1-kg mass at this distance
R\:The time T for one complete orbit is 24 h = 8.64 × 104 s, and the satellite’s speed is the
circumference of its orbit divided by T. The “weight” is the centripetal force, so
68. A mass m1 slides on a smooth, frictionless table. The mass is
constrained to move in a circle by a string that passes through
a hole in the center of the table and is attached to a second
mass m2 hanging below the table. The second mass swings in
a circle, so the string makes an angle with the vertical (see
Fig. 6.42). The two masses move around their circles in
unison, so they are always at diametrically opposite points
from the hole. If the radius of the circular motion of the first
mass is r1, what must be the radius of the circular motion of
the second mass?

Both balls must take the same time to go around their respective circles. If we call this time t,
then v1 2tr1 and v2 2tr2 , which says
For m1, the centripetal force is the tension
in the string:
For m2, the centripetal force is the horizontal component of the tension:
2
Dividing the second equation by the first to eliminate T and using the relation
between the speeds gives
R\:

*83. Two blocks of masses m1 and m2 are connected by a string.


One block slides on a table, and the other hangs from the
string, which passes over a pulley (see Fig. 6.46). The coeffi
cient of sliding friction between the first block and the table is
k 0.20. What is the acceleration of the blocks?

(a) Take the x direction to point right and the y direction to point up. Newton’s Second Law for
m1 gives
1 11
0, .
Fy xk
N mg F T f ma
−−
∑∑
For m2, 2 22
.
∑F −T mg ma
y

We see
that 1 1 11
.
kk
N m g f mg T m g m a


⇒

⇒− If the string passing over the pulley does not
stretch, then the magnitude of a2 must be the same as the magnitude of a1. If m1 moves in the +x
direction, then m2 must move in the –y direction, which means a2 = –a1. Then the equations for
∑F x for m1 and ∑Fy for m2 can be combined to give an equation for a1:
21
1
12
.
k
mm
ag
mm

−

*87. A block of mass 1.5 kg is placed on a plane inclined at 30 , and
it is being pulled upward by a spring with a spring constant
1.2 103 N/m (see Fig. 6.49). The direction of pull of the
spring is parallel to the inclined plane. The coefficient of static
friction between the block and the inclined plane is s 0.60,
and the coefficient of sliding friction is k 0.40.
(a) By what amount must the spring be stretched to start the
block moving?
(b) What is the acceleration of the block if the stretch of the
spring is maintained at a constant value equal to that
required to start the motion?
(c) By what amount must the spring be stretched to keep the
mass moving at constant speed?
R \:
(a)If the spring is massless, then the force the spring exerts on
the block will be the same as the force exerted on the spring.
To start the block moving, the pull P must exceed the total
force pointing down the slope, which is the sum of the
maximum static friction force µsN and the component of the
block’s weight parallel to the slope. Adding forces normal to
the slope gives
(b) When the block begins to move, the force changes from static friction to kinetic
friction. Now
acceleration points up the incline.
(c) “Constant speed” means ax = 0, so sin30 7.34 N (0.40)(12.7 N) 12.4 N.
k
P mg N
µ
= °+ = + =
Now the stretch of the spring is

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