SKF Ball Bearing Failure Analysis ISO 15243

Bearing damage evaluation guide
Industrial bearing remanufacturing services from SKF

Bearing damage evaluation guide
1 Guide introduction
2 SKF classiication adapted from ISO 15243:2017
and remanufacturability examples
3 SKF industrial bearing remanufacturing services
3.1 Candidates for remanufacturing
3.2 Beneits
3.3 Our global network
3.4 Improving rotating equipment performance
Legends: RSC – SKF Remanufacturing Service Centre

Remanufacturing possible
depending on application
Remanufacturing impossible
1 Guide introduction
This guide will assist you in the initial diagnosis
of the bearing condition. It will help to determine
if the bearing can be a candidate for remanufacturing.
A Focuses the investigation on the rings. Most of

the other bearing components can be repaired
or replaced.
B According to your initial diagnostic result:
– Remanufacturing possible d Send the bearing to an SKF
bearing remanufacturing service
center.
– Remanufacturing not possible d Propose alternative solutions

(new bearing, redesign,
SKF maintenance program, etc.)
NOTE:
If in any doubt, ask SKF’s remanufacturing specialists.
SKF specialists can make the final judgment
A Send the case data to an SKF bearing remanufacturing
service, including:
• Detailed, close-up pictures of component damages
• General pictures of bearing arrangement
• Technical inputs such as:
– Application description
– Lubricant characteristics
– Lubrication method
– Bearing service time, loads and speed temperature
Alternatively
B Send the remanufacturing candidate directly to an SKF
bearing remanufacturing service.
CAUTION:
After dismounting, never disassemble, clean or wash the bearing and protect it against dust or damp before
sending it for investigation and remanufacturing. All evidence from the usage is vital to make a correct inves-
tigation and analysis.
2 SKF classification adapted from ISO 15243:2017
and remanufacturability examples
5.1 Fatigue 5.1.2 Subsurface initiated fatigue
5.1.3 Surface initiated fatigue

5.2 Wear 5.2.2 Abrasive wear
5.2.3 Adhesive wear
5.3 Corrosion 5.3.2 Moisture corrosion
5.3.3 Frictional corrosion 5.3.3.2 Fretting corrosion
5.4 Electric erosion 5.4.2 Excessive current 5.3.3.3 False Brinelling

5.4.3 Current leakage
5.5 Plastic deformation 5.5.2 Overload deformation
5.5.3 Indentation from debris
5.6 Fracture/cracking 5.6.2 Forced fracture
5.6.3 Fatigue fracture
5.6.4 Thermal cracking

Failure mode 5.1: Fatigue
5.1.2 Subsurface initiated fatigue 5.1.3 Surface initiated fatigue
Remanufacturing possible depending on application
Failure mode 5.2: Wear
5.2.2 Abrasive wear
Failure mode 5.2: Wear
5.2.3 Adhesive wear
Failure mode 5.3: Corrosion
5.3.2 Moisture corrosion
5.3.3 Frictional corrosion

5.3.3.2 Fretting corrosion
5.3.3 Frictional corrosion

5.3.3.3 False Brinelling
Failure mode 5.4: Electric erosion
5.4.2 Excessive current 5.4.3 Current leakage
Failure mode 5.5: Plastic deformation
5.5.2 Overload deformation
Failure mode 5.5: Plastic deformation
5.5.3 Indentation from debris
Failure mode 5.6: Fracture/cracking
5.6.2 Forced fracture 5.6.3 Fatigue fracture
Failure mode 5.6: Fracture/cracking
5.6.4 Thermal cracking
Other: Discolouration
Overheating Chemical
3 SKF industrial bearing remanufacturing services
SKF is using its new bearings manufacturing standard, processes,
equipment, quality assurance, knowledge and competences as the basis
for its bearings remanufacturing service.
This includes acceptance criteria that deliver high quality results, even
when extensive remanufacturing is needed.
To provide full traceability SKF has developed and uses an advanced

management system. By uniquely marking each asset during the
remanufacturing processes, you will be able to trace your bearing
through its life cycle.
In addition to standard remanufacturing, we can also remanufacture

your bearings to a new or higher speciication. This can include mounting
sensors and the provision of other enhancements such as integrated
lubrication, sealing solutions and rework to other speciications.
3.1 Candidates for remanufacturing
Typical bearing types suitable for remanufacturing of all brands are shown below.
Large size bearings
Spherical Tapered roller Tapered roller bearing Cylindrical Deep groove Spherical roller
roller bearing bearing (multi row) roller bearing ball bearing thrust bearing
Other
CARB toroidal Backing bearings Slewing bearings Split caster bearing and housing
roller bearing
NOTE:
Remanufacturing can also include related equipment such as housings, bearing units and cassettes, etc.
3.2 Benefits
The SKF professional bearing remanufacturing services available worldwide can bring
advantages and beneits like:
• reduced total life cycle costs
• extended bearing service life
• reduced machine downtime
• reduced environmental impact
• maintained stock of replacement bearings
• improved overall asset reliability
Depending on the amount of remanufacturing required, up to 90% less energy is needed

to repair a bearing instead of manufacturing a new one. Furthermore, cost-beneit
analysis shows that signiicant cost savings can be achieved by remanufacturing bearings
– depending on bearing size, complexity, bearing condition and price.
In addition to reducing the energy use, SKF’s remanufacturing services help protect
the environment by responsible cleaning of used bearings and handling of waste.
3.3 Our global network
SKF’s bearing remanufacturing network is present in most parts of the world and is
continuously expanding with new service centres. All centres for remanufacturing have
highly trained teams with special competencies.
Operating as a global network, we share knowledge, speciic spare part procurement,

and capability development. As a result, we can offer the agility and lexibility of a
small company, but with the capacity, core competencies, and peace of mind achieved
through working with an industry leader.
These and other services are delivered by SKF Solution Factory, a global network of
facilities staffed by experts from every SKF discipline. SKF Solution Factory brings
people, services and technologies together to deliver customized solutions to industry
challenges.
Your local SKF representative can connect you to a SKF Solution Factory near you.
www.skf.com/services
3.4 Improving rotating equipment performance
Getting the right performance from rotating equipment can help meet business
objectives and give you a competitive edge. But the right performance is different for
every customer. This is why we have engineered a broad range of products,technologies
and services combined with lexible new business models, to meet your unique
requirements. So, whether you want to solve a speciic rotating equipment problem,
increase your plant and equipment performance, or improve your overall maintenance
strategy and eficiency, SKF is your partner. With access to unique application insights
and the right products, technologies and solutions, we can help you achieve the
performance you are looking for from your rotating equipment.
Assess
Identify areas for improvement by
assessment & benchmarking
Rebuild Detect
Rebuild services to Detect impending
extend asset life, machine failures and
reduce maintenance
costs, and improve
Rotating avoid unplanned
downtime
sustainability Equipment
Performance
Solve Maintain
Application engineering, Day to day maintenance using
lubrication management, spare the right tools & mechanical
parts management & root maintenance services
cause analysis to ix problems
and stop them re-occuring
® SKF is a registered trademark of the SKF Group.
© SKF Group 2018
The contents of this publication are the copyright of the publisher and may not be
reproduced (even extracts) unless prior written permission is granted. Every care has
been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication
but no liability can be accepted for any loss or damage whether direct, indirect or
consequential arising out of the use of the information contained herein.
PUB BU/S9 07038/4 EN · October 2018
Certain image(s) used under license from Shutterstock.com.

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Bearing damage evaluation guide

Industrial bearing remanufacturing services from SKF

Legends: RSC – SKF Remanufacturing Service Centre

A Focuses the investigation on the rings. Most of

– Remanufacturing not possible d Propose alternative solutions

5.1 Fatigue 5.1.2 Subsurface initiated fatigue

5.1.3 Surface initiated fatigue

5.2.3 Adhesive wear

5.3 Corrosion 5.3.2 Moisture corrosion

5.3.3 Frictional corrosion 5.3.3.2 Fretting corrosion

5.4 Electric erosion 5.4.2 Excessive current 5.3.3.3 False Brinelling

5.5 Plastic deformation 5.5.2 Overload deformation

5.5.3 Indentation from debris

5.6 Fracture/cracking 5.6.2 Forced fracture

5.6.3 Fatigue fracture

5.6.4 Thermal cracking

5.1.2 Subsurface initiated fatigue 5.1.3 Surface initiated fatigue

5.2.2 Abrasive wear

5.2.3 Adhesive wear

5.3.2 Moisture corrosion

5.3.3 Frictional corrosion

5.3.3 Frictional corrosion

5.4.2 Excessive current 5.4.3 Current leakage

5.5.2 Overload deformation

5.5.3 Indentation from debris

5.6.2 Forced fracture 5.6.3 Fatigue fracture

5.6.4 Thermal cracking

To provide full traceability SKF has developed and uses an advanced

In addition to standard remanufacturing, we can also remanufacture

Depending on the amount of remanufacturing required, up to 90% less energy is needed

Operating as a global network, we share knowledge, speciic spare part procurement,

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