Plaintiffs-Appellants vs. vs. Defendants-Appellees: Second Division

SECOND DIVISION
[G.R. No. L-32749. January 22, 1988.]
SABAS H. HOMENA and ILUMINADA JUANEZA , plaintiffs-appellants,

vs. DIMAS CASA AND MARIA CASTOR and the REGISTER OF DEEDS
FOR THE PROVINCE OF COTABATO , defendants-appellees.
SYLLABUS
1. CIVIL PROCEDURE; CAUSE OF ACTION BASED ON A VOID CONTRACT;

UNENFORCEABLE. — Basically, the plaintiffs' supposed cause of action rests upon the
deed of sale executed by defendants in their favor on June 15, 1962 wherein the latter
sold a two-hectare portion of the homestead which they were applying for to the
plaintiffs on the understanding that the actual conveyance of the said portion to
plaintiffs would be made only after the lapse of the ve-year period during which, under
the Public Land Act, the homestead owner was prohibited from transferring his rights.
The agreement is clearly illegal and void ab initio; it is intended to circumvent and
violate the law. As parties to a void contract, the plaintiffs have no rights which they can
enforce and the court can not lend itself to its enforcement.
2. ID.; ID.; LACHES OR PRESCRIPTION, IRRELEVANT. — Plaintiffs can neither
invoke the doctrine of implied trust based on an illegal contract. The issue of
prescription or laches becomes irrelevant in a case such as this, where plaintiffs clearly
have no cause of action.
DECISION
YAP , J : p
This is an appeal from the order of the Court of First Instance of Cotabato dated
January 4, 1968 dismissing plaintiffs-appellants' complaint and from its order dated
May 8, 1968, denying their motion for reconsideration.
The complaint, led by plaintiffs-appellants against the spouses Dimas Casa and
Maria Castor, the defendants-appellees herein, was for alleged unlawful acts of
dispossession disturbing plaintiffs'; peaceful, continuous, open, uninterrupted adverse
and public possession of the property in question. In their complaint, plaintiffs also
sought to annul the original certi cate of title issued by the Register of Deeds for the
province of Cotabato in favor of defendant spouses pursuant to a Homestead Patent
on the ground that said patent was obtained by defendant spouses through fraud and
misrepresentation by stating, among others, in their application, that the lot was not
claimed and occupied by another person. Plaintiffs alleged that on June 15, 1967, they
purchased from the defendants two (2) hectares of the aforementioned parcel of land,
it being agreed in the deed of sale that the said portion would be reconveyed to
plaintiffs after the ve-year prohibitory period, as provided for in the Homestead Patent
Law, shall have elapsed, and that defendants failed to abide by said agreement. cdll
The defendants moved to dismiss the complaint, based on the following

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grounds: (1) the complaint is barred by prescription, since thirteen years had elapsed
from the issuance of the homestead patent before the action was led; (2) plaintiff has
no cause of action, since the deed of sale executed on June 15, 1952 or prior to the
approval of the application and issuance of the homestead patent was null and void
and inoperative to convey the land in question, which was at that time still public land;
and (3) plaintiff is not the proper party to institute the action to annul the homestead
patent.
In their opposition to the motion to dismiss, plaintiffs averred that they were not
assailing the validity of the patent as a whole, but only with respect to that portion of
two (2) hectares owned by them which defendants, through fraud, were able to register
in their name. Because of such fraud, the action of the plaintiffs cannot be deemed to
have prescribed, since such action can be brought within four (4) years from discovery
of the fraud. Moreover, the defense of prescription can not be set up in an action to
recover property held in trust by a person for another.
On January 4, 1968, the court a quo issued the questioned order dismissing the
complaint. The plaintiffs appealed the case to the Court of Appeals, assigning the
following errors:
"1. The lower court erred in holding that the allegations in the
complaint do not conform with the terms and conditions of the contract as to
amount to a justifiable cause of action.
"2. The lower court erred in holding that the plaintiffs-appellants have
no personality to bring the present action as they do not seek the land for
themselves but for the government.
"3. The lower court erred in holding that the present action based on
fraud is barred by the statute of limitations.
"4. Finally, the lower court erred in holding that the deed of sale is not
lawful as the same was made to circumvent the provisions of the Public Land
Act.
The Court of Appeals certi ed the case to this Court as it involved only questions
of law. LLjur
We nd no merit in the petition. The lower court committed no reversible error in

dismissing the complaint.
Basically, the plaintiffs' supposed cause of action rests upon the deed of sale
executed by defendants in their favor on June 15, 1962 wherein the latter sold a two-
hectare portion of the homestead which they were applying for to the plaintiffs on the
understanding that the actual conveyance of the said portion to plaintiffs would be
made only after the lapse of the ve-year period during which, under the Public Land
Act, the homestead owner was prohibited from transferring his rights. The agreement
is clearly illegal and void ab initio; it is intended to circumvent and violate the law. As
parties to a void contract, the plaintiffs have no rights which they can enforce and the
court can not lend itself to its enforcement.
Plaintiffs can neither invoke the doctrine of implied trust based on an illegal
contract. The issue of prescription or laches becomes irrelevant in a case such as this,
where plaintiffs clearly have no cause of action.
WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby DENIED and the orders appealed from are
AFFIRMED.
SO ORDERED.
Melencio-Herrera, Paras, Padilla and Sarmiento, JJ., concur.

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SECOND DIVISION

[G.R. No. L-32749. January 22, 1988.]

SABAS H. HOMENA and ILUMINADA JUANEZA , plaintiffs-appellants,

1. CIVIL PROCEDURE; CAUSE OF ACTION BASED ON A VOID CONTRACT;

The defendants moved to dismiss the complaint, based on the following

We nd no merit in the petition. The lower court committed no reversible error in

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