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Basic Material Science Lecture - 1

This document provides an introduction to materials science and engineering. It discusses how the field focuses on developing new materials and improving existing ones. It also explains how materials science examines the relationship between a material's structure and properties, while materials engineering studies how a material's properties influence its performance. Additionally, the document classification of common materials like metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. It provides examples of materials and objects made from each class of material.

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Mustafa Enes Kırmacı
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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34 views

Basic Material Science Lecture - 1

This document provides an introduction to materials science and engineering. It discusses how the field focuses on developing new materials and improving existing ones. It also explains how materials science examines the relationship between a material's structure and properties, while materials engineering studies how a material's properties influence its performance. Additionally, the document classification of common materials like metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. It provides examples of materials and objects made from each class of material.

Uploaded by

Mustafa Enes Kırmacı
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1

Introduction to Materials Science


and Engineering

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


What is Materials Science and Engineering?

 Inventing new materials and improving previously


known materials
 In materials science, the emphasis in on the underlying
relationships between the structure and properties of
materials
 In materials engineering, the emphasis in on the
underlying relationships between the properties and
performance of materials

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Why the Study of Materials is Important?

 Production and processing of materials constitute a


large part of our economy
 Modification of properties or new materials might
be needed for some new applications
 Engineers select materials to suite design

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Engineering Design Involving Materials

Space station

Aerospace, mechanical, materials, electrical, manufacturing engineers

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Engineering Design Involving Materials

Beverage container

Materials, chemical, manufacturing engineers

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Engineering Design Involving Materials

Bio-compatible hip implant

Biomedical, materials, mechanical, manufacturing engineers

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Engineering Design Involving Materials

Cable-stayed bridge

Civil, mechanical, materials, manufacturing engineers

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


What are Materials?

 Materials may be defined as substance of which


something is composed or made
(Webster’s dictionary)
 Materials are obtained from earth crust and
atmosphere

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Most Common Elements

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Classification of Materials

1. Metals
2. Ceramics
3. Polymers
4. Composites
5. Advanced materials:
Semiconductors, biomaterials, nanomaterials

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Metals

 Composed of one or more metallic element


 Atoms in metals are arranged in order manner
(crystalline structure)
 Good thermal and electric conductivity
 Relatively high strength, high stiffness, ductility and
shock resistance

Example: - steels, aluminum, magnesium, zinc, cast iron,


titanium, copper, and nickel

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Metals

Common objects made of metallic materials

Coin

Nut and bolt

Fork
Gear

Scissor Wedding ring


Knife

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Ceramics

 Compound between metallic and nonmetallic element


 Can be either crystalline or non-crystalline
 Low thermal and electrical conductivity
 Stiff and strong, extremely brittle, highly susceptible to
fracture

Example: - porcelain, glass, silicon nitride, clay

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Ceramics

Common objects made of ceramic materials

Building
brick

Glass vase
Cup

Scissors
Floor tile

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Polymers

 Include the familiar plastic and rubber materials


 Polymer: poly = many and mer = repeat unit
Composed of repeating structural units connected by
covalent bonds (saturated or not)
 Organic in origin, i.e. hydrocarbon, composed of hydrogen
and carbon
 Relatively low density, extremely ductile and pliable
 Tendency to soften or decompose at modest temperature
limits their use
Examples: polyethylene (PE), polyvinylchloride (PVC),
polycarbonate (PC), natural rubber (NR)

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Polymers

Common objects made of polymeric materials

Plastic milk
carton
Bicycle helmet

Wheel
Plastic tableware (plastic hub, rubber tire)
(spoon, fork, knife)
Billiard balls dice

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Composites

 Mixture of two or more materials


 Consists of a filler material and a binding material (matrix)
 Materials only bond, will not dissolve in each other
 Mainly two types:
Fibrous: Fibers in a matrix
Particulate: Particles in a matrix
Matrix can be metals, ceramic or polymer

Examples:-
Fiber Glass (Reinforcing material in a polyester or epoxy matrix), Concrete
(Gravels or steel rods reinforced in cement and sand)
Applications:- Aircraft wings and engine, construction.

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Composites

Use of composites in civil aircraft

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Advanced Materials

Semiconductor: Microprocessor

Nanomaterials: Carbon nanotube

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Characteristics of Materials

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Characteristics of Materials

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana


Case Study – Material Selection

 Problem: Select suitable material for bicycle frame and


fork.
Carbon fiber
Steel and Aluminum Ti and Mg
Wood Reinforced
alloys alloys alloys
plastic

Low cost but Light and Very light and Light, moderately Slightly better
heavy. Less strong. strong. No strong. Corrosion than Al
corrosion Cannot be corrosion. resistant. alloys. But much
resistance shaped Very expensive Expensive expensive

Cost important? Select steel


Properties important? Select CFRP

KXEX 1110 Fundamental of Materials Science Dr. A. Andriyana

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