5/6. Practice Set: Review Questions

5/6.
PRACTICE SET
Review Questions
5.2. Define carrier signal and its role in analog transmission.
5.5. Which of the four digital-to-analog conversion techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK or QAM) is the
most susceptible to noise? Defend your answer.
5.6. Define constellation diagram and its role in analog transmission.
6.1. Describe the goals ofmultiplexing.
6.4. Which ofthe three multiplexing techniques is (are) used to combine analog signals? Which
ofthe three multiplexing techniques is (are) used to combine digital signals?
6.6. Define the digital hierarchy used by telephone companies and list different levels ofthe
hierarchy.
6.9. Distinguish between synchronous and statistical TDM.
6.10. Define spread spectrum and its goal. List the two spread spectrum techniques discussed in
this chapter.
Exercises
5.12. Calculate the bit rate for the given baud rate and type ofmodulation.
a. 1000 baud, FSK
b. 1000 baud, ASK
c. 1000 baud, BPSK
d. 1000 baud, 16-QAM
5.13. What is the number of bits per baud for the following techniques?
a. ASK with four different amplitudes
b. FSK with 8 different frequencies
c. PSK with four different phases
d. QAM with a constellation of 128 points.
5.19. A corporation has a medium with a I-MHz bandwidth (low pass). The corporation needs to
create 10 separate independent channels each capable of sending at least 10 Mbps. The company
has decided to use QAM technology. What is the minimum number of bits per baud for each
channel? What is the number of points in the constellation diagram for each channel? Let d = 0.
5.20. A cable company uses one of the cable TV channels (with a bandwidth of 6 MHz) to provide
digital communication for each resident. What is the available data rate for each resident ifthe
company uses a 64-QAM technique?
6.13. Assume that a voice channel occupies a bandwidth of4 kHz. We need to multiplex 10 voice
channels with guard bands of 500 Hz using FDM. Calculate the required bandwidth.
6.14. We need to transmit 100 digitized voice channels using a pass-band channel of 20 KHz.
What should be the ratio of bits/Hz if we use no guard band?
6.18. We have 14 sources, each creating 500 8-bit characters per second. Since only some ofthese
sources are active at any moment, we use statistical TDM to combine these sources using character
interleaving. Each frame carries 6 slots at a time, but we need to add four-bit addresses to each
slot. Answer the following questions:
a. What is the size of an output frame in bits?
b. What is the output frame rate?
c. What is the duration of an output frame?
d. What is the output data rate?
6.19. Ten sources, six with a bit rate of 200 kbps and four with a bit rate of400 kbps are to be
combined using multilevel TDM with no synchronizing bits. Answer the following questions about
the final stage of the multiplexing:
a. What is the size of a frame in bits?
b. What is the frame rate?
c. What is the duration of a frame?
d. What is the data rate?
6.27. What is the minimum number of bits in a PN sequence if we use FHSS with a channel
bandwidth of B =4 KHz and Bss =100 KHz? 2
6.28. An FHSS system uses a 4-bit PN sequence. If the bit rate of the PN is 64 bits per second,
answer the following questions:
a. What is the total number of possible hops?
b. What is the time needed to finish a complete cycle of PN?
Ex 4.1 Which one is digital-to-analog conversion technique (ASK, FSK, PSK or QAM)
most susceptible to noise? Please explain.
Ex 4.2 Assume that the telephone line is balanced to allow data transmission over the
frequency range 600Hz to 3000Hz having a bandwidth of 2400Hz. So it used QPSK
modulation for data rate 2400 bps and 8-QAM modulation on 4800-bps data rate?
Ex 4.3 Let 𝑚1 (𝑡) and 𝑚2 (𝑡) be the signal signals and let s1(t) and s2(t) be the modulated
signals using on the fc carrier frequency respectively. Prove that if AM modulation is
used, then with 𝑚1 (𝑡) + 𝑚2 (𝑡) will produce a modulation signal which is a linear
combination of 𝑠1 (𝑡) and 𝑠2 (𝑡). That is why AM sometimes referred to as linear
modulation.
Ex 4.4 Let 𝑚1 (𝑡) and 𝑚2 (𝑡) be signal messages and let 𝑠1 (𝑡) and 𝑠2 (𝑡) be modulated
signals using the fc carrier frequency respectively. Prove that if PM modulation is used,
then with 𝑚1 (𝑡) + 𝑚2 (𝑡) then generate a modulation signal that is not a linear combination
of 𝑠1 (𝑡) and 𝑠2 (𝑡). That is why angle modulation sometimes called nonlinear modulation.

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