1.

A field excitation of 20 A in a certain alternator result in an armature current of 400 A in

short circuit and a terminal voltage of 200 V on open circuit. The magnitude of the internal
voltage drop within the machine at a load current of 200 A is
1. 1 V.
2. 10 V.
3. 100 V.
4. 1000 V.

Given field exitation = 20 A, Armature current = 400 A, Short circuit load current = 200 A. So,
internal resistance = 2000/400 = 5Ω. ∴ Internal voltage drop = 5 × 200 = 1000 V.

2. A synchorous generator is feeding a zero power factor (lagging) load at rated current. The
armature reaction is
1. Magnetizing.
2. Demagnetizing.
3. Cross-magnetizing.
4. Ineffective.

The effect of armature flux on the main field flux is known as armature reaction. If synchorous
generator is feeding a zero powerfactor(lagging) load at rated current then the armature reaction
is demagnetizing.If synchorous generator is feeding a zero pwer factor (leading) then the
armature reaction is magnetizing.

3. A 4-pole, 50 Hz, alternator has 48 slots in which a double layer winding is housed. Each
coil has 10 turns and is short pitched by an angle to 30° electrical. The fundamental flux per
pole is 0.025 Wb. The line to line induced emf (in volts) for a three phase star connection is
approximately
1. 808.
2. 888.
3. 1400.
4. 1538.
Given P = 4, f = 50 Hz. Slots = 48 each coil has 10 turns. Short pitched by an angle (α) to 36°
electrical. Flux per pole = 0.05 Wb Slot/pole/phase = 48/(4 × 3) = 4 Slot/pole = 48/4 = 12 Slot
angle = 180/12 = 15° Kd = Sin(4 × 15/2)/4sin(15/2) = 0.957 Kp = cosα/2 = cos18° = 0.951 In
double layer winding, no. of coil is equal to no. of slots No. of turns/ph = (48 × 10)/3 = 160
So, EL = √3 × 808 = 1400
V(approximate)

4. In question number (6), the line to line induced emf (in Volts), for a three phase
connection is approximately
1. 1143.
2. 1332.
3. 1617.
4. 1791.

Line to line induced voltage, so in z phase winding Slot/pole/phase = 6 T ph = 480/2 = 240 Slot

angle = (180 × 4)/48) = 15° Kp = Cos(36/2) = 0.951 Eph =

4.44fφTphKw = 4.44 × 50 × 0.025 × 240 × 0.951 × 0.903 = 1143 Volts.

5. In the question no.(6), the fifth harmonic componenet of phase emf (in volts), for a there
phase star connection is
1. 0.
2. 269.
3. 281.
4. 808.

Fifth harmonic component of phase emf angle = 180/5 = 36°. Since short pitched angle is equal
to fifth harmonic component of phase emf angle. Hence the phase emf of fifth harmonic is zero
6. In relation to the synchronous machines, which on of the following statement is false?
1. In salient pole machine, the direct axis sychorous reactance is greater than the
qadrature axis synchorous reactance.
2. The damper bars help the synchorous motor self start.
3. Short circuit ratio is the ratio of the field current required to produces the
rated voltage on open circuit to the rated armature current.
4. The V-curve of a synchorous motor represents the variation in the armature
current with field excitation, at a given output power.

In synchorous machine runs at rated synchorous speed. The field current is gradually increased
in steps. The short circuit ration is ratio of field current required to produce the rated voltage on
open the rated armature current

7. Two 3-phase, Y-connected alternators are to parted to a set of common busbars. The
armature has a per phase synchorous reactance of 1.7 Ω and negligible armature resistnace.
The line voltage of the first machine is adjusted to 3300 V and that of the second machine is
adjusted to 3200 V. The machine voltages are in phase at the instant they are parallel under
this condition the synchronizing current per phase
1. 16.98 A.
2. 29.41 A.
3. 33.96 A.
4. 58.82 A.

Given that the armature has per phase synchronous reactance of 1.7 Ω and two alternator is
connected in parallel. So both alternator are in phase So, E f1 = 3300/√3 Ef2 = 3200/√3 Here
reactance of both alternator are same So synchronizing current is given as
8. A 500 MW, 3-phase, Y-connected alternator has a rated voltage of 21.5 KV at 0.85 pf.
The line current when operating at full load rated condition will be
1. 13.43 KA.
2. 15.79 KA.
3. 23.25 KA.
4. 27.36 KA.

Given that 500 MW, 3Φ star connected synchronous generator has rated voltage of 21.5 KV and
0.85 power factor. So, √VLIL = 500 MW,

9. A stand alone engine driven synchronous generator is feeding a party inductive load. A
capacitor is now connected across the load to completely nullify the inductive current. For
this operating conditions
1. The field current and fuel input have to be reduced.
2. The field current and fuel input have to be increased.
3. The fiedl current has to be reduced and fuel input left unaltered.
4. The field current has to be reduced and fuel input left unaltered.

Given engine drive synchronous generator is feeding a party inductive load. A capacitor is
connected across the load to completely nullify the inductive current. The motor field current has
to be reduced and fuel input left unaltered.

10. Curves X and Y in figure denote open circuit and full load zero power factor(Zpf)
characteristics of a synchronous generator. Q is a point on the zpf characteristic at 1.0 pu
voltage. The vertical distance of PQ in figure gives the voltage drop across
1. Synchronous reactance.
2. Magnetizing reactance.
3. Potier reactance.
4. Leakage reactance.
Given open circuit and full load zero power factor of an alternator. At point Q is the zero power
factor at 1.0 pu voltage. The voltage drop at point PQ is across synchronous reactance.

11. Which one of the following statements is correct? In a salien pole synchronous machine
the air gap is
1. Largest under the middle of the pole shoe and decrase outwards.
2. Least at one end of the pole shoe and increase to the maximum value at the
other end.
3. Uniform under the whole pole shoe.
4. Least under the middle of the pole shoe and increase outwards.

Through the field winding in a salient pole is of concentrated type, the magnetic flux produce by
it is nearly sinusoidal because of the shaping of pole shoes. The air gap is least in the centre of
poles and increase while moving away from the centre.

12. Which of the following methods gives more accurate result for determination of voltage
regulation of an alternator?
1. Mmf method.
2. Synchronous impedance method.
3. Potier triangle method.
4. American Institution Standard methir.

The potier triangle methode give quite acurate results. Synchronous impedance method gives
very pessimistic result. MMF method gives an optimies value of voltage regulation. The standard
synchronous impedance method gives the same result as potier triangle method.

13. For maximum current during slip test on a synchronous machine, the armature mmf along
 1. q-axis.
2. d-axis.
3. 45° to q-axis.
4. 45° to d-axis.

Slip test is the method to determine the d-axis reactance of a synchronous machine. In this
method the armature currents are modulated at slip frequency by the machine having maximum
amplitude when the q-axis is in line with the mmf wave and minimum amplitude when the d-axis
aligns with the mmf wave.

14. Which one of following is not a necessary condition to be satishfied for synchronizing an
incoming alternator to an already operating alternator?
1. Same phase sequence.
2. Same voltage magnitude.
3. Same frequency.
4. Same prime mover.

The following requirements have to be satishfied prior to connecting an alternator to an already

operating alternator 1. The prime mover speed of alternator should be different for operation. 2.
The phase sequence of the incoming alternator must be identical to the phase sequence of already
operating alternator. 3. The line voltage of incoming alternator must be equal to the constant
voltage of the already operating alternator. 4. The frequency of the incoming alternator must be
exactly equal to that of the already operating alternator.

15. Xd, X'd and X''d are steady state d-axis synchronous reactance, transient d-axis reactance
and sub trancient d-axis reactance of a synchronous machine respectively. Which of
following statement is true?
1. Xd > x'd > x''d.
2. X''d > x'd > xd.
 3. X'd > x'd > xd.
4. Xd > x''d > x'd.

In case of synchronous machine, Xd > x'd > x''d. However direct axis sub transient reactance X''d
almost equals the leakage reactance of teh machine

16. In an alternator, if m is the number of slots per pole per phase and γ is slot pitch angle,
then the breadth or distribution factor for armature winding is
1. Sin(γ/2)/m Sin(mγ/2).
2. Sin(mγ/2)/m Sin(mγ/2).
3. m Sin(γ/2)/m Sin(mγ/2).
4. Sin(γ/2)/m Sin(γ/2).

The ratio of phasor sum of emfs induced in all coils ditributed in a number of slots under one
pole to the airthmetic sum of the emfs induced is known as breadth factor or distribution factor.
If m is the nuber of slots pitch angle, then the breadth factor or distribution facotr is given as