Verbal Communication

†gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM 8

me‡P‡q mnR I me©Rbxb †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU gva¨g n‡jv †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM| Gi gva¨‡g K‡_vcK_b, mivmwi
mvÿvrKvi, e³…Zv I mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i Z_¨ ev evZ©vi Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv nq| ‡ewkifvM mgq †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM
ZvrÿwYK n‡q _v‡K ZvB B‡j±ªwbK hš¿ †hgb- †iKW©vi Qvov Av`vb-cÖ`vbK…Z Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv hvq bv| †gŠwLK
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g AvbyôvwbKfv‡e wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ DaŸ©¯’ I Aa¯Íb Kgx© I Kg©KZ©v‡`i gv‡S wewbgq nq|
Avevi AbvbyôvwbKfv‡e mvaviY Avjvc, MíI n‡Z cv‡i| BDwbU 8 G †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wewfbœ †KŠkjmg~n
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g cv‡V e³…Zv, wØZxq cv‡V gy‡LvgywL K‡_vcK_b I Z„Zxq cv‡V mfv wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV - 1: e³„Zv
cvV- 2: gy‡LvgywL K‡_vcK_b
cvV - 3: mfv
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cvV-8.1 e³„Zv
Speech
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avgiv-
 e³„Zv Kx Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
 Kvh©Ki e³„Zv cÖ`v‡bi c`‡ÿcmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
 e³„Zvi myweav I Amyweav m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

e³„Zv
Speech
‡gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gva¨g n‡jv
e³…Zv| mvaviYZ mfv, †mwgbvi BZ¨vw`i Av‡qvR‡b Z_¨
Av`vb-cÖ`vb G gva¨‡gi Kvh©Kix †KŠkj| e³…Zv ej‡Z wecyj
msL¨K gvby‡li mvg‡Y †gŠwLK ePb e¨envi K‡i Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb
ev cwi‡ekb Kiv‡K †evSvq| Gi gva¨‡g GKRb e³v A‡bK
†kÖvZvi mvg‡b Zvi wbR¯^ gZvgZ I wPšÍv-aviYv Zz‡j ai‡Z
cv‡ib| GwU GK ai‡Yi AvbyôvwbK †gŠwLK fvlY hv e³v msev` ïb‡Z AvMÖnx †kÖvZv‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb K‡i
_v‡K|

Kvh©Ki e³„Zv cÖ`v‡bi c`‡ÿcmg~n

Steps of Delivering Effective Speech
1. e³…Zv cÖ`v‡bi c~‡e© Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wbav©iY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ïk¨ ïaygvÎ Z_¨ AewnZ Kiv
n‡Z cv‡i, we‡bv`b cÖ`vb ev cÖ‡ivPbvi Rb¨ n‡Z cv‡i|
2. ‡kÖvZv e³vi e³e¨ eyS‡Z cvi‡Q wKbv Zvi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Q e³…Zvi mv_©KZv|
3. cÖ_‡gB e³„Zvi g~j e³e¨ ev welq wbav©iY K‡i wb‡Z nq|
4. e³‡e¨i welqe¯‘ †evSvi I mvRv‡bvi Rb¨ Z_¨vw`i AbymÜvb Ki‡Z nq|
5. e³e¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡Yi cš’v i‡q‡Q| †hgb- c~e© cÖ¯‘wZ QvovB ZvrÿwYKfv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb
Kiv, ev cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q wjwLZ AvKv‡i wb‡q G‡m e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv, A_ev gyL¯Í K‡i G‡mI e³„Zv †`Iqv
†h‡Z cv‡i|
6. e³…Zvi AvKl©YxqZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ AwWI-wfRy¨qvj Kjv-‡KŠkj e¨envi K‡i `„wó b›`b I Kvh©KvwiZv
evov‡bv hvq|
7. e³„Zv †`evi Av‡M Zv Abykxjb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
8. e³„Zvi †k‡l Dcmsnvi †U‡b, cÖ‡kœvËi ce©I ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|

e³„Zvi myweav
Advantages of Speech
1. e³…Zvi gva¨‡g e³vi I †kÖvZvi mgq I kÖ‡gi mvkÖq N‡U| KviY Lye Kg mg‡q e³v wecyj Z_¨ cÖ`vb
Ki‡Z cv‡i|

BDwbU AvU c„ôvÑ110

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2. Gi gva¨‡g gy`ªY I Ab¨vb¨ e¨q bv _vKvq LiP Kg _v‡K|

3. h_vh_ cÖ‡Yv`bv cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e nq|
4. †kÖvZvi mv‡_ mivmwi ms‡hv‡Mi my‡hvM _v‡K ZvB e³v †kÖvZvi cÖwZwµqv Rvb‡Z cv‡i|
5. e³…Zvi gva¨‡g `ªæZ I ZvrÿwYK msev` †cÖiY Kiv m¤¢e nq|
6. e³v †kÖvZvi cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i `iKvwi e¨vL¨v I Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
7. wbiÿi‡`i wbKU Kvh©Kifv‡e Z_¨ cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e nq|
8. bgbxqZvi my‡hvM _v‡K|
9. wjwLZ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Zzjbvq Kg AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb Ki‡Z nq|

e³„Zvi Amyweav
Disadvantages of Speech
1. mivmwi Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq ZvB A¯úó ev fzj Z_¨ cÖKvk n‡j fzj †evSveywSi AeKvk _v‡K|
2. e³„Zv B‡j±ªwbK gva¨‡g msiÿY Kiv bv n‡j cieZx©‡Z Avi e¨envi Kiv hvq bv|
3. we‡kl we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡b GB †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g e¨envi Kiv hvq| Kgx©‡`i wb‡`©k I ZË¡eav‡b GwU ZZUv
Kvh©Ki bq|
4. cÖ¯‘wZ fv‡jv bv _vK‡j Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv KwVb nq|
5. e³„Zvi mgq AcÖvmw½K A‡bK K_v P‡j Av‡m hvid‡j mgq‡K Kvh©Kifv‡e e¨envi m¤¢e nq bv|
6. A‡_©i weK„wZ n‡Z cv‡i|

mvims‡ÿc:
‡gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gva¨g n‡jv e³…Zv| mvaviYZ mfv, †mwgbvi, BZ¨vw`i Av‡qvR‡b
Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b GB gva¨g Kvh©Kix †KŠkj| Kvh©Ki e³„Zv cÖ`v‡bi c`‡ÿcmg~n n‡jv- e³…Zv cÖ`v‡bi c~‡e©
Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wbav©iY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GB e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ïk¨ ïaygvÎ Z_¨ AewnZ Kiv n‡Z cv‡i, we‡bv`b
cÖ`vb ev cÖ‡ivPbvi Rb¨ n‡Z cv‡i| ‡kÖvZvi e³vi e³e¨ eyS‡Z cvi‡Q wKbv Zvi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Q e³…Zvi
mv_©KZv| e³„Zvi myweavi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q- e³…Zvi gva¨‡g e³vi I †kÖvZvi mgq I kÖ‡gi mvkÖq N‡U| KviY Lye
Kg mg‡q wecyj Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| Gi gva¨‡g gy`ªY I Ab¨vb¨ e¨q bv _vKvq LiP Kg _v‡K| Gi wKQz AmyweavI
i‡q‡Q- mivmwi mivmwi Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq ZvB A¯úó ev fzj Z_¨ cÖKvk n‡j fzj †evSveywSi AeKvk
_v‡K| e³„Zv B‡j±ªwbK gva¨‡g msiÿY bv Kiv n‡j cieZx©‡Z Avi e¨envi Kiv hvq bv|

BDwbU AvU c„ôvÑ 111

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cvV-8.2 gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_b

Face to Face Conversation

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avgiv-
 gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_b wK Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
 gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_‡bi myweav I Amyweav m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|

gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_b
Face to face Conversation
†gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gva¨g nj gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_b| G‡ÿ‡Î Z‡_¨i †cÖiK I MÖvnK mvgbv-mvgwb
Dcw¯’Z n‡q Z_¨ wewbgq K‡i _v‡K| A_©vr Z‡_¨i †cÖiK I MÖvnK ci¯úi †`Lv-
mvÿv‡Zi gva¨‡g †h †gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Zv‡K gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_b ejv nq| GwU
†gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU eûj e¨eüZ c×wZ| K‡_vcK_‡b AvbyôvwbKZv Kg cvjb
Kiv nq e‡j G‡Z Z‡_¨i †cÖiK I MÖvn‡Ki †gRvR-gwR© Abyhvqx Av‡jvPbv P‡j| G
†hvMv‡hvM †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi GKwU DËg c×wZ| myZivs ejv hvq, gyLvgywL Avjvc
Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g †Kvb wel‡q aviYv wewbg‡qi Rb¨ Z‡_¨i ‡cÖiK I MÖvn‡Ki g‡a¨ †h
†Lvjv‡gjv K_v-evZ©v nq Zv‡K gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_b ejv nq|
gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_‡bi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mgq wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq:
1. ¯úó ¯^‡i K_v cwi®‹vifv‡e D”PviY K‡i †hvMv‡hvM Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
2. K_vi ¯^‡ii ZviZg¨ I K_v ejvi MwZi w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq †hb MÖvnK K_v cyivcywi eyS‡Z cv‡ib|
3. Kvi mv‡_ K_v ejv n‡”Q Zvi Dci wbf©i K‡i k‡ãi Awf‡hvRb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb nq|

gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_‡bi myweav

Advantages of Face to Face Conversation
1. msev‡`i h_vh_ cÖKvk Kiv m¤¢e nq|
2. Gi gva¨‡g Z‡_¨i e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
3. mn‡R cªvc‡Ki cÖwZwµqv †evSv hvq|
4. gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_‡bi bgbxqZv I me©RbbxqZv i‡q‡Q|
5. m¤ú©‡Ki Dbœqb N‡U|
6. ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi e¨q n«vm cvq|

gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_‡bi Amyweav

Disadvantages of Face to Face Conversation
1. e„nr msMV‡b I wecyj mgv‡e‡k G ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM Kvh©Ki bq|
2. `~ieZ©x Kv‡iv mv‡_ Gi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM Kiv hvq bv|
3. evZv© MÖvn‡Ki g‡bv‡hvM bv _vK‡j G †hvMv‡hvM Kiv hvq bv|
4. Z_¨ ev msev` msiÿ‡Y mgm¨v nq|

BDwbU AvU c„ôvÑ112

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mvims‡ÿc:
‡gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gva¨g nj gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_b| G‡ÿ‡Î Z‡_¨i †cÖiK I MÖvnK mvgbv-
mvgwb Dcw¯’Z n‡q Z_¨ wewbgq K‡i _v‡K| A_©vr Z‡_¨i †cÖiK I MÖvnK ci¯úi †`Lv-mvÿv‡Zi gva¨‡g †h
†gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Zv‡K gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_b ejv nq| gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_‡bi myweav n‡jv- msev‡`i h_vh_
cÖKvk Kiv m¤¢e nq; Gi gva¨‡g Z‡_¨i e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv hvq; mn‡R cªvc‡Ki cÖwZwµqv †evSv hvq| gyLvgywL
K‡_vcK_‡bi Amyweav n‡jv- e„nr msMV‡b I wecyj mgv‡e‡k GB ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM Kvh©Ki bq Avevi `~ieZ©x
Kv‡iv mv‡_ Gi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM Kiv hvq bv|

BDwbU AvU c„ôvÑ 113

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cvV-8.3 mfv
Meeting

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avgiv-
 mfv I †Kv¤úvwb mfv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
 mfvi Avbylvw½K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welqmg~n eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|

mfv
Meeting
mvaviY A‡_© mfv ej‡Z KwZcq †jv‡Ki ‡Kvb we‡kl wel‡q Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv ev gZvgZ wewbg‡qi Rb¨ GK‡Î
wgwjZ nIqv‡K eywS‡q _v‡K| e¨emvwqK †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welqmg~‡n mw¤§wjZ
wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ mfv Abyôv‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| ZvQvov AvBbMZ
AvbyôvwKZv cvjb Ges cÖwZôv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welqmg~n mswkøó †jvKRb‡`i‡K
AewnZ Kiv I Zv‡`i gZvgZ hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ mfv AvnŸvb I Abyôvb Kiv n‡q
_v‡K| cÖvwZôvwbK cwiKíbv, ev‡RU, Kg©m~wP, m¤úvw`Z Kvh©µg BZ¨vw` cÖm‡½
gZvgZ, aviYv I wPšÍvi wewbg‡qi Rb¨B †ewkifvM mfv n‡q _v‡K| Giƒc
mfv wbw`©ó Kvh© w`e‡m, wba©vwiZ mg‡q, wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
GRb¨ mswkøó †jvKRb ev m`m¨‡`i‡K Av‡Mfv‡MB †bvwUk †`qv nq|

†Kv¤úvwb mfv
Company Meeting
mvaviY A‡_© ejv hvq, †Kvb wel‡q cvi¯úwiK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ `y&B ev Z‡ZvwaK
e¨w³i m‡¤§jb‡K mfv e‡jb| Giƒc mfvq Dcw¯’Z m`m¨MY mswkøó cÖwZôv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvh©avivi wewfbœ wel‡q
AvBbvbyM ev cÖPwjZ cÖ_v gvwdK wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| †hŠ_ g~jabx †Kv¤úvwbi †ÿ‡ÎI wewfbœ wel‡q wm×všÍ
MÖn‡Yi Avek¨KZv i‡q‡Q| †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bI G e¨vcv‡i mywbw`©ó weavb i‡q‡Q| ZvB †`Lv hvq, †Kv¤úvwbi
†kqvi‡nvìvi, cwiPvjKgÐjx, cvIbv`vi cÖf„wZ cÿ †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi weavb Abyhvqx wewfbœ mg‡q mfvq wgwjZ
nq| G mfvq †Kv¤úvwbi e¨emvq msµvšÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq| †Kv¤úvwb‡Z wewfbœ ai‡Yi mfvi
Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q _v‡K; Zv wb‡¤œ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-
1. wewae× mfv (Statutory Meeting): †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi weavb Abyhvqx Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZ cÎ cÖvwßi
ZvwiL n‡Z GK gvm ci Ges m‡e©v”P Qq gv‡mi g‡a¨ †Kv¤úvwbi MVb cÖwµqv Ges Gi cieZ©x Kvh©µg
m¤^‡Ü mvaviY †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i AewnZKiY I Zv‡`i gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi AwfcÖv‡q eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e †h mfv
AvnŸvb I Abyôvb Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K wewae× mfv e‡j| D‡jøL¨ †h, †KejgvÎ cvewjK wjt †Kv¤úvwb‡K
wewae× mfv Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z nq|
2. evwl©K mvaviY mfv (Annual General Meeting): cÖ‡Z¨K Avw_©K eQ‡ii †k‡l †Kv¤úvwbi mvaviY
m`m¨‡`i wb‡q †h mfv Abyôvb Kiv nq Zv‡K evwl©K mvaviY mfv e‡j| Giƒc mfvq Dcw¯’Z m`m¨MY

BDwbU AvU c„ôvÑ114

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†Kv¤úvwbi AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbv I fwel¨Z Kvh©µ‡gi e¨vcv‡i wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i| evwl©K mvaviY mfvq
†Kv¤úvwbi weMZ Avw_©K eQ‡ii Avq-e¨‡qi weeiYx m¤^wjZ cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq|
3. Riæwi mvaviY mfv/AwZwi³ mvaviY mfv (Emergency/Extra-ordinary General Meeting): wewae×
mfv I evwl©K mvaviY mfv e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ mvaviY mfv‡K Riæwi mvaviY mfv ev AwZwi³ mvaviY mfv
wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| †Kv¤úvwbi evwl©K mvaviY mfv Avnev‡bi c~‡e© †Kv‡bv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q wm×všÍ
MÖn‡Yi Avek¨KZv †`Lv w`‡j AwZwi³ mvaviY mfv AvnŸvb Kiv nq| we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kv‡bv wel‡q
†kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i gZvgZ †bqvi Rb¨ AwZwi³ mvaviY mfv AvnŸvb Kiv nq| Giƒc mfv †Kv¤úvwbi
cwiPvjK A_ev †kqvi‡nvìviMY AvnŸvb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

weÁwß
Notice
†Kvb we‡kl mfv Abyôvb m¤ú‡K© †h wee„wZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K weÁwß ev †bvwUk e‡j| GwU mswkøó m`m¨‡`i mfvq
Dcw¯’Z nIqvi GKwU AvnŸvb we‡kl| Gi gva¨‡g mfv Abyôv‡bi ZvwiL mgq, ¯’vb I Av‡jvP¨m~wP m`m¨‡`i‡K
Rvwb‡q †`qv nq| weÁwß ev ‡bvwUk †gŠwLK wKsev wjwLZ n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e AvB‡bi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K wjwLZ weÁwßi
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv ‡ewk| weÁwß cÖwZôv‡bi cÿ †_‡K h‡_vchy³ e¨w³ KZ©„K cÖPvi Kiv nq| weÁwß Aek¨B mfv
Abyôv‡bi AvBbm½Z ev h_vh_ mg‡qi c~‡e© m`m¨‡`i wbKU †cuŠQv‡Z nq|

Av‡jvP¨m~wP
Agenda
mfv ev Awa‡ek‡b †h mg¯Í welqvw` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq Zvi ZvwjKv ev m~wP‡K Av‡jvP¨m~wP e‡j| Av‡jvP¨m~wPi
Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã nj Agenda| Gi evsjv AvwfavwbK A_© n‡jv - welqm~wP A_©vr mfv ev Awa‡ek‡b †h mg¯Í
welqvw` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| mfv m¤úwK©Z mvaviY wbqg n‡jv mfv Abyôv‡bi c~‡e© m`m¨‡`i‡K Av‡jvwPZe¨
welqvw` †bvwU‡ki gva¨‡g ÁvZ Kiv‡bv| G‡Z m`m¨MY mfv ev Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`v‡bi c~‡e© Av‡jvP¨ welqvw` m¤ú‡K©
aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †m Abyhvqx Awa‡ek‡b e³e¨ ivL‡Z cv‡i| Av‡jvP¨m~wP e¯‘Z Kx Kx wel‡q Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡e Zvi GKwU wjwLZ weeiYx| G‡Z wbe©vwPZ welqvw` ¸iæ‡Z¡i wfwˇZ µwgK b¤^i Abyhvqx wjwce× Kiv nq|
AZGe ejv hvq, fwel¨r †Kvb wbw`©ó w`‡b AbywôZe¨ mfvq †h mg¯Í welqvw` Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e †m¸‡jv m¤ú‡K©
mswkøó m`m¨‡`i‡K Av‡M fv‡M AewnZ Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ †h wjwLZ ZvwjKv ev m~wP cÖYqb Kiv nq Zv‡KB Av‡jvP¨m~wP
e‡j|

Kvh©weeiYx
Minutes
mfv ev Awa‡ek‡b M„nxZ cÖ¯Íve I wm×všÍmg~‡ni wjwLZ weeiYx‡K Kvh©weeiYx e‡j| A_©vr Kvh©weeiYx n‡jv mfvq
Dcw¯’Z m`m¨‡`i cvi¯úwiK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g M„nxZ cÖ¯Íve I wm×všÍmg~‡ni mswÿß A_P c~Y©v½ weeiYx|
mfvq M„nxZ cÖ¯Íve I wm×všÍ¸‡jv hv‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi fwel¨r cÖ‡qvR‡b m~Î wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq, †m D‡Ï‡k¨
Kvh©weeiYx ˆZwi Kiv nq| G‡Z M„nxZ cÖ¯Íve I wm×všÍ¸‡jvi cÖ¯ÍveK Ges mg_©‡Ki bvgI D‡jøL _v‡K| †h †Kv‡bv
mfvi Kvh©weeiYx cieZ©x mfvq Dcw¯’Z m`m¨MY KZ©„K Aby‡gv`b Kwi‡q wb‡Z nq|

wbhy³ cÖwZwbwa
Proxy
†Kv‡bv †kqvi‡nvìvi †Kv¤úvwbi mvaviY mfvq Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z bv cvi‡j wZwb Zvi cÿ n‡q mfvq †fvU †`qvi Rb¨
Ab¨ GKRb †kqvi‡nvìvi‡K wbhy³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Gfv‡e ‡fvU †`qvi Rb¨ †h cÖwZwbwa wbhy³ Kiv nq Zv‡K wbhy³

BDwbU AvU c„ôvÑ 115

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cÖwZwbwa e‡j| †Kv‡bv †kqvi‡nvìvi cÖwZwbwa wbhy³ Ki‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡K †Kv¤úvwbi cwi‡gj wbqgvewji weavb
Abymv‡i Zv Ki‡Z nq| cÖwZwbwa wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ wbw`©ó dig c~iY Ki‡Z nq| di‡g wbhy³ cÖwZwbwai bvg, wVKvbv I
Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨ wj‡L wb‡qvMKvix‡K ¯^vÿi Ki‡Z nq| Aek¨ wb‡qvMKZ©v †Kvb e¨w³ bv n‡q †Kvb K‡c©v‡ikb ev ms¯’v
n‡j †m †ÿ‡Î wb‡qvM c‡Î ms¯’vi mxj‡gvni AsKb Ki‡Z nq| Gici cÖwZwbwa digwU mfv Avi¤¢ nIqvi 72 N›Uv
c~‡e© †Kv¤úvwbi wbewÜZ Kvh©vj‡q Rgv w`‡Z nq| cÖwZwbwa dig Rgv †`qvi ci mwPe wb‡qvMKvix I di‡g DwjøwLZ
cÖwZwbwai bvg wba©vwiZ ‡iwR÷v‡i wjwce× K‡ib| Gfv‡e wbhy³ cÖwZwbwa mfvq †fvU`v‡bi AvBbvbyM AwaKvix
nq|

mfvq †Kvivg/MYc~wZ© msL¨v

Quorum of a Meeting
Bs‡iwR 'Quorum' kãwUi evsjv cÖwZkã n‡jv MYc~wZ© msL¨v| Gi Øviv Giƒc GKwU msL¨v‡K †evSv‡bv nq, †h
wbgœZg msL¨K m`‡m¨i Dcw¯’wZ e¨ZxZ †Kvb mfvi Kvh©µg‡K AvBbwm× Kiv hvq bv| KviY msL¨v jNy m`m¨‡`i
Øviv M„nxZ wm×všÍ Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨ bvI n‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ K‡qKRb m`‡m¨i Dcw¯’wZ‡Z M„nxZ
wm×všÍ mKj m`‡m¨i wbKU MÖnYxq n‡e, Zv mywbw`©ó nIqv Avek¨K| Avi GRb¨B wewfbœ ms¯’vi Dcwewa, MVbZš¿
ev †Kv¤úvwbi †ÿ‡Î cwi‡gj wbqgvewj‡Z †Kvivg MV‡bi wbqgKvbyb D‡jøL Kiv _v‡K| †h †Kv‡bv msMVb ev ms¯’vi
mfv ïiæ Kivi cÖ_g KvR n‡jv mfvq †Kvivg msL¨K m`m¨ Dcw¯’Z Av‡Q wKbv Zv †`Lv| GB msL¨v hvPvB‡qi Rb¨
Dcw¯’Z m`m¨‡`i gv_v MYbv wKsev nvwRiv LvZv cixÿv Kiv nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, †Kvivg MwVZ bv n‡j mfv cwiPvjbv
AvBbvbyM nq bv| GRb¨ mfv Avi‡¤¢i mgq †Kvivg msL¨K m`m¨ Dcw¯’Z bv _vK‡j mfvcwZ AwZwi³ wKQz mgq
gÄyi K‡ib| G AwZwi³ mg‡qI hw` †Kvivg MwVZ bv nq Z‡e mfvcwZ mfv g~jZex K‡ib Ges cieZ©x mfvi
ZvwiL, mgq I ¯’vb m`m¨‡`i‡K Rvwb‡q ‡`b| g~jZex mfv‡Z †Kvivg MwVZ bv n‡jI mfv cwiPvjbvq AvBbMZ
†Kvb evav _v‡K bv|

cÖ¯ÍveK
Motion
mvaviY A‡_© cÖ¯Íve nj mfvq we‡ePbvi Rb¨ †ck Kiv ‡Kvb e³e¨| cÖ¯Íve nj ms‡kvabx Avbq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ mfvq
we‡ePbvi Rb¨ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ wee„wZ| cÖ¯Íve AvBbm½Zfv‡e DÌvcb Ki‡Z nq| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kvb wel‡q
wm×všÍ MÖnY Kivi †ÿ‡Î cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb Kiv nq| Giƒc cÖ¯Íve DÌvc‡bi ci Zv Ab¨ †Kvb m`m¨ Øviv mgw_©Z n‡Z
nq| Aek¨ mfvcwZ KZ©„K DÌvwcZ cÖ¯Ív‡ei †ejvq mg_©‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| cwi‡gj wbqgvewji weavb †gvZv‡eK
cÖ¯Íve DÌvc‡bi Rb¨ Av‡Mfv‡M †bvwUk w`‡Z nq; hv‡Z D³ cÖ¯Íve‡K Av‡jvP¨m~wPi AšÍf³ ~© Kiv hvq| Z‡e †Kvb
cÖ¯Ív‡ei †ÿ‡Î c~e©v‡ý †bvwU‡ki cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| †hgb-†kvK cÖ¯Íve, mfvcwZ wbe©vP‡bi cÖ¯Íve, mfv g~jZex ivLvi
cÖ¯Íve BZ¨vw`|

ms‡kvabx cÖ¯Íve
Amendment
g~j cÖ¯Ív‡ei Dci Av‡jvPbv PjvKv‡j wKsev †fvU ‡`qvi Av‡M Gi †Kv‡bv iƒc cwieZ©b Kivi cÖ¯Íve Avbv n‡j Zv‡K
ms‡kvabx cÖ¯Íve ev Amendment e‡j| mfvq cvk nIqvi c~‡e© †Kv‡bv m`m¨ KZ©„K †gvkb -G cwieZ©b Avbvi
Rb¨ †h cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq Zv‡K ms‡kvabx cÖ¯Íve e‡j| mfvq Dcw¯’Z †Kv‡bv m`‡m¨i cÖ¯Íve Abymv‡i G ms‡kvab n‡q
_v‡K| Z‡e g~j cÖ¯Ív‡ei Dci Av‡jvPbvq Ask MÖnY K‡i bvB Ggb †Kvb m`m¨ KZ©„K ms‡kvabx cÖ¯vÍ e DÌvwcZ
n‡Z nq| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, AvbyôvwbK cÖ¯Ív‡ei Dci †Kv‡bv ms‡kvabx Avbv hvq bv| wewfbœ Dcv‡q ms‡kvabx
cÖ¯Íve Avbv hvq; ‡hgb-
K) g~j cÖ¯Ív‡ei mv‡_ †Kv‡bv kã ev kã mgwó †hvM K‡i|

BDwbU AvU c„ôvÑ116

 GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

L) g~j cÖ¯Íve †_‡K †Kv‡bv kã ev kã mgwó ev` w`‡q|

M) g~j cÖ¯Íve †_‡K †Kv‡bv kã ev` w`‡q †mLv‡b bZzb kã †hvM K‡i|
N) g~j cÖ¯Ív‡ei †Kv‡bv k‡ãi Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡i|

mfvq wm×všÍmg~n
Resolutions of Meeting
†Kv¤úvwbi mfvq †Kv‡bv cÖ¯Íve Dcw¯’Z m`m¨‡`i me© m¤§wZµ‡g ev msL¨vwa‡K¨i †fv‡U M„nxZ n‡j Zv‡K wm×všÍ
e‡j| wm×všÍ n‡jv GK ai‡bi wee„wZ hv cwieZ©b mnKv‡i ev cwieZ©b QvovB mfvq M„nxZ n‡q _v‡K| mfvq
AvBbm½Z cš’vq cÖ¯Íve DÌvwcZ I mgw_©Z nIqvi ci mfvcwZ Zv Av‡jvPbvq †`b| Dcw¯’Z m`m¨MY D³
cÖ¯Ív‡ei LuywUbvwU wel‡q Av‡jvPbvi ci HKg‡Z¨ †cuŠQv‡Z bv cvi‡j mfvcwZi wm×všÍµ‡g Zv †fv‡U †`qv nq|
cÖ¯Ív‡ei c‡ÿ †ewk †fvU co‡j Zv M„nxZ nq| Gfv‡e M„nxZ cÖ¯Íve‡K wm×všÍ e‡j| †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i mfvi
wm×všÍmg~n‡K wZb fv‡M wef³ Kiv hvq| h_v -
K) mvaviY wm×všÍ
L) we‡kl wm×všÍ
M) Riæwi wm×všÍ|

mvims‡ÿc:
mfv ej‡Z KwZcq †jv‡Ki ‡Kv‡bv we‡kl wel‡q Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv ev gZvgZ wewbg‡qi Rb¨ GK‡Î wgwjZ
nIqv‡K eywS‡q _v‡K| mvaviY A‡_© ejv hvq, †Kv‡bv wel‡q cvi¯úwiK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi
Rb¨ `y&B ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i m‡¤§jb‡K mfv e‡j| †Kv‡bv we‡kl mfv Abyôvb m¤ú‡K© †h wee„wZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq
Zv‡K weÁwß ev †bvwUk e‡j| GwU mswkøó m`m¨‡`i mfvq Dcw¯’Z nIqvi GKwU AvnŸvb we‡kl| mfv ev
Awa‡ek‡b †h mg¯Í welqvw` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq Zvi ZvwjKv ev m~wP‡K Av‡jvP¨m~wP e‡j| mfv ev Awa‡ek‡b
M„nxZ cÖ¯Íve I wm×všÍmg~‡ni wjwLZ weeiYx‡K Kvh©weeiYx e‡j| †Kv‡bv †kqvi‡nvìvi †Kv¤úvwbi mvaviY mfvq
Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z bv cvi‡j wZwb Zvi cÿ n‡q mfvq †fvU †`qvi Rb¨ Ab¨ GKRb †kqvi‡nvìvi‡K wbhy³ Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| ‡Kvivg ev MYc~wZ© msL¨v Øviv Giƒc GKwU msL¨v‡K †evSv‡bv nq, †h wbgœZg msL¨K m`‡m¨i Dcw¯’wZ
e¨ZxZ †Kvb mfvi Kvh©µg‡K AvBbwm× Kiv hvq bv| mvaviY A‡_© cÖ¯Íve n‡jv mfvq we‡ePbvi Rb¨ †ck Kiv
‡Kv‡bv e³e¨| cÖ¯Íve n‡jv ms‡kvabx Avbq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ mfvq we‡ePbvi Rb¨ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ wee„wZ|
g~j cÖ¯Ív‡ei Dci Av‡jvPbv PjvKv‡j wKsev †fvU ‡`qvi Av‡M Gi †Kvb iƒc cwieZ©b Kivi cÖ¯Íve Avbv n‡j
Zv‡K ms‡kvabx cÖ¯Íve e‡j| †Kv¤úvwbi mfvq †Kv‡bv cÖ¯Íve Dcw¯’Z m`m¨‡`i me© m¤§wZµ‡g ev msL¨vwa‡K¨i
†fv‡U M„nxZ n‡j Zv‡K wm×všÍ e‡j|

BDwbU AvU c„ôvÑ 117

‡gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM

BDwbU DËi g~j¨vqb

1. e³„Zv Kx?
2. Kvh©Ki e³„Zv cÖ`v‡bi c`‡ÿcmg~n e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
3. e³„Zvi myweav I Amyweav wjLyb|
4. gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_b Kx?
5. gyLvgywL K‡_vcK_‡bi myweav I Amyweav m¤ú‡K© wjLyb|
6. mfv I †Kv¤úvwb mfv Kx?
7. mfvi Avbylvw½K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welqmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
8. e³…Zvi gva¨‡g `ªæZ I ZvrÿwYK msev` †cÖiY Kiv m¤¢e nq- e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

‡idv‡iÝ eBmg~n
 Zahed Mannan, Business Communication, University Grants Commission of Bangladesh.
 Raymon V. Lesikar, John D. Pettit, Jr., Marie E. Flatley, Lesikar’s, Basic Business
Communication (Iwin & McGraw-Hill).
 Rajendra Pal & J.S. Korlahalli, Essentials of Business Communication, Sultan Chand Sons.

BDwbU AvU c„ôvÑ118