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CLTD Caculation - Design 2

The document provides guidelines for estimating cooling loads in air conditioning system design using the CLTD/CLF method. It describes calculating conductive heat transfer through exterior building elements like walls and windows using the cooling load temperature difference (CLTD) and accounting for solar heat gain through windows. The key steps are: 1) collecting building data, 2) finding CLTD values from tables and correcting for conditions, 3) calculating conductive heat transfer rates, 4) accounting for solar heat gain through windows using shading coefficients, solar heat gain factors and cooling load factors. Worked examples are provided to calculate hourly and monthly conductive and solar heat gain loads.

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Prabhasha Jayasundara
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© © All Rights Reserved
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66 views

CLTD Caculation - Design 2

The document provides guidelines for estimating cooling loads in air conditioning system design using the CLTD/CLF method. It describes calculating conductive heat transfer through exterior building elements like walls and windows using the cooling load temperature difference (CLTD) and accounting for solar heat gain through windows. The key steps are: 1) collecting building data, 2) finding CLTD values from tables and correcting for conditions, 3) calculating conductive heat transfer rates, 4) accounting for solar heat gain through windows using shading coefficients, solar heat gain factors and cooling load factors. Worked examples are provided to calculate hourly and monthly conductive and solar heat gain loads.

Uploaded by

Prabhasha Jayasundara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

CP 305 – Energy System Design

Air conditioning system design – 2020


Design guide lines

By
A.M.W.Menike
CLTD/CLF method for estimating
cooling loads
Cooling loads

The rate at which the cooling equipment would


have to remove thermal energy from the air in the
space in order to maintain constant temperature
and humidity.
Calculation

Data collection
Estimate all the areas for walls, windows,
construction materials of each components, U
values of each material, number of lightings,
number of occupants and equipment's data
Finding conductive heat transfer
through walls and windows

Conductive heat loads transfer to the space


through mass of the buildings
Such as
Exterior walls, Roofs Ceilings, Windows
Interior partitions etc.
Heat transfer through masses

• Temperature of walls or roofs will increase relative to the


temperature of air in the space
• Heat will gradually release in to the space slowly
• Therefore at a instant there may be a relative difference
between heat gain and cooling loads as the air temperatures
are varying
• This is call transient effect
• By taking average value for a decided time slot, this could be
considered as zero
• ASHRAE’s develop a methodology to use cooling load
temperature difference(CLTD) and cooling load factors(CLF)
Very simply cooling load due to conduction is

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝑇𝑖 − 𝑇𝑜) under static condition

In real condition ,
Due to thermal inertia out side

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴 CLTD𝑡

t indicates hour t of the day


A - Area of the roof wall etc.
U - overall Heat transfer coefficient

CLTD’s are tabulated by ASHRAE’s( Further reading section 7.7)


Tabulated values are calculated for the conditions given
in page 317 in the reference book

When conditions are different,


- Cooling load temperature difference should be
corrected
- CLTDCorr = CLTD + LM K + 25.50C − 𝑇𝐼 + (t o,av −
29.40C)
CLTD -Cooling load temperature difference,
LM - Correction factor for latitude and month
K -Color adjustment factor,
Ti , Ti, av- Actual value for application
You should find the 𝑄 for each hour during the day time,
As the A and U values are constant for an application first
you got to find CLTDcorr for each our during the day and
each month during the year according to the latitude of the
building.
1.First you should find the latitude of the building location
2. Construction details could be taken from
for roofs - Table A 7.2
for walls - Table A 7.4
3. CLTD’s for each construction details
for roofs - Table A 7.3
for walls - Table A 7.5
for glasses – Table A 7.8
4. CLTD’s values for daily hours should be found
Ex. If you have type B wall North facing
Daily 7-8 8-9 9-10 10- 11- 12- 13- 14- 15- 16-
hour 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
s
CLTD 6.1 5.5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5.5 6.1

5.These values should be corrected according to the


equation 7.4 in the reference book
6. For finding LM refer Table A 7.7
7. For color adjustment factor and other parameters
refer the book Chapter 7 page 318
8. If latitude is 24, LM would be found for all the
month
Then CLTDcorr value as given in next table
CLTD values after correcting
Daily hours 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12- 13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17

Month

Jan
6 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.4 6
Feb
6 5.4 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.4 6
March
6 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.4 6
April
7 6.4 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.4 7
May
8 7.4 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.4 8
Jun
11 10.4 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 10.4 11
July
13 12.4 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 12.4 13
Aug
11 10.4 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 10.4 11
Sep
8 7.4 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.4 8
Oct
7 6.4 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.4 7
Nov
6 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.4 6
Dec
6 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.4 6
9. You would calculate heat transfer coefficient or directly
used the data given in the Table 7.3 for roofs and walls
10. Calculate 𝑄 value for day time in each month

If Area(A) of the wall = 100 m2 and U = 0.043 w/K. m2

𝑄 = 100 m2 * 0.043 w/K. m2 *(CLTDcorr)

Results table is shown in the next slide.


For all the roofs and sunlight exposed walls, you have to
do same calculation and tabulation according to the given
design condition
Calculated 𝑄 value for day time in each month/W
Daily 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12- 13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17
hours
Month

Jan 25.8 23.22 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 23.22 25.8
Feb
25.8 23.22 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 23.22 25.8
March
25.8 23.22 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 23.22 25.8
April
30.1 27.52 25.37 25.37 25.37 25.37 25.37 25.37 27.52 30.1
May
34.4 31.82 29.67 29.67 29.67 29.67 29.67 29.67 31.82 34.4
Jun
47.3 44.72 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 44.72 47.3
July
55.9 53.32 51.17 51.17 51.17 51.17 51.17 51.17 53.32 55.9
Aug
47.3 44.72 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 44.72 47.3
Sep
34.4 31.82 29.67 29.67 29.67 29.67 29.67 29.67 31.82 34.4
Oct
30.1 27.52 25.37 25.37 25.37 25.37 25.37 25.37 27.52 30.1
Nov
25.8 23.22 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 23.22 25.8
Dec
25.8 23.22 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 21.07 23.22 25.8
Conductive Heat transfer through
windows
11. To calculate conductive heat loads you
should not necessary to do correction for CLTD
values.
You can directly use the CLTD values from table
A7.8 as the orientation excluded by solar
radiation.
A and U value for glasses would be calculated
according to the section 6.5
2. Conduction through interior
partitions, ceilings and flows
Temperature Inside the building would be
considered as constant
𝑄1 = 𝑈𝐴(𝑇𝐷)

TD – Temperature difference
Solar radiation through windows

Solar heat gain through windows


𝑄 = 𝑆𝐶 × 𝐴 × 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹 × 𝐶𝐿𝐹
A – Area
SC -Shading coefficient (table 6.5 and 6.6)

SHGF -Solar heat gain factor (table A7.9 and table A7.10)

CLF - Cooling load factor (Table A7.11 and A7.12)

You will find radiation through windows on each wall for


daily hours in each month as you did for conductive heat
load.

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