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What Is A DC Shunt Motor?: Shunt Motor. The Main Difference Between DC Series Motor As Well As DC

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In electrical motors, a series circuits and parallel circuits are commonly known

as a series and shunt. Therefore, in DC motors the connections of the field


windings, as well as the armature, can be done parallel which is known as DC
shunt motor. The main difference between DC series motor as well as DC
shunt motor mainly includes the construction, operation and speed
characteristics. This motor gives features like easy reversing control, speed
regulation, and starting torque is low. Thus, this motor can be used for belt-
driven applications within automotive as well as industrial applications.
What is a DC Shunt Motor?
A DC shunt motor is a type of self-excited DC motor, and it is also known as a
shunt wound DC motor. The field windings in this motor can be connected in
parallel to the armature winding. So both windings of this motor will expose to
the equal voltage power supply, and this motor maintains an invariable speed
with any kind of load. This motor has a low starting torque and also runs at a
constant speed.

Construction and Working Principle


The DC shunt motor construction is the same as any type of DC motor. This
motor can be constructed with the basic parts like field windings (stator), a
commutator and an armature (rotor).
The working principle of a DC Shunt Motor is, whenever a DC motor is turned
ON, then DC flows throughout stator as well as the rotor. This current flow will
generate two fields namely pole as well as the armature.

In the air gap between armature and field shoes, there are two magnetic
fields, and they will respond with each other for revolving the armature.
The commutator overturns the armature current flow direction at ordinary
gaps. So the armature field is repelled with pole field for all time, it keeps
revolving the armature within the equal direction.
DC-Shunt Motor Circuit Diagram
The DC shunt motor circuit diagram is shown below, and the flow of current
and voltage being supplied to the motor from the supply can be given by Itotal
& E.

In case of the shunt wound DC motor, this current supply will divide into two
ways like Ia,& Ish, where ‘Ia’ will supply throughout the ‘Ra’ resistance
armature winding. In the same way, ‘Ish’ will supply through the ‘Rsh’
resistance field winding.

Back EMF in DC Shunt Motor


Whenever the DC shunt motor’s armature winding rotates within the magnetic
field which is generated by the field winding. Thus an e.m.f can be stimulated
within the armature winding based on the Faradays law (electromagnetic
induction). Although, according to Lenz’s law, the induced e.m.f can act within
reverse direction toward the armature voltage supply.

DC Shunt Motor Speed Control


The speed characteristic of a shunt motor is different compared with a series
motor. As a DC Shunt motor attains its complete speed, then the armature
current can be directly connected to the motor load. When the load is
extremely low within a shunt motor, then the armature current can also be
low. When the DC motor attains its complete speed, then it remains stable.
The DC shunt motor speed can be controlled in two ways

 By altering the sum of current flowing through the shunt windings


 By altering the sum of current flowing through the armature
DC Shunt Motor Applications
The applications of shunt DC motor include the following.
 These motors are used wherever stable speed is required.
 This kind of DC motor can be used in Centrifugal Pumps, Lifts, Weaving
Machine, Lathe Machines, Blowers, Fans, Conveyors, Spinning machines, etc.

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