CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

This chapter contains the methods and technique of the study, population of the study or

the respondents, research instrument, validation of instrument, data gathering and treatment of

data.

Methods and Technique of the Study

The researcher utilized the descriptive method of research particularly the survey

questionnaires were used to determine the personal profile of the respondents. Best and Khan

(2000) wrote that in survey, we collect the data from a large number of people at some particular

time about some particular phenomenon. It is a very skillful activity that not only requires

imaginative and expert planning of the study, but also accurate data collection, careful analysis

and logical interpretation of the collected data, and intelligent reporting of the results and

conclusions.

Descriptive statistics comprises methods concerned with collecting and describing set of

data so as to yield meaningful information. As explained by Key (1997), descriptive research is

used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe “what

exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a situation. The methods involved range from

the survey which describes the status quo, the correlation study which investigates the
relationship between variables, to developmental studies which seek to determine changes over

time.

Additionally, Gay (1999) stated that the broad purpose of descriptive research in

Education is to study the present problems of the students, teachers, administration, curriculum,

teaching learning process, and the like, and to suggest some solutions to these problems. Survey

questionnaires will be used to determine the personal profile of the respondents, the impact of

parental involvement to the preschooler’s academic achievement at St. Joseph College-Olongapo

Inc., Elementary Department during the School Year 2015-2016.

Population of the Study

Table 1 gives the frequency distribution of the respondents. The study will be composed

of students (from all department strands), teachers and administration of St. Joseph College-

Olongapo Inc., Senior High School Department.

Table 1

Frequency Distribution of the Respondents

Respondents f Percentage
TEACHERS and
10 18.52%
ADMINISTRATION

STUDENTS 44 81.48%
 TOTAL 54 100%

Research Instrument

The research instrument used to be the source of data in the study were survey

questionnaires. A set of survey questionnaires were especially made by the researcher as

instrument in gathering the data and information which determined the profile of respondents,

impact of parental involvement and academic achievement. The set of survey questionnaires

were developed and improved by the researcher with the help of some experts to suit the existing

conditions of the school.

The survey questionnaire consists of three parts: Part I focus on the personal profile

namely: Name (optional), age, gender, department strands, number of hours allotted for research

and accessibility of internet. Part II were composed of the following: product output,

intellectual context and behavior, and Part III were composed of: students’ performance, class

standing and skills.

The perception of the respondents used the rating scale of Likert with the following codes

and descriptive equivalent.

5 - Outstanding - the activity was observed 85%-100% practices at all

Times
4 - Very satisfactory the activity was observed 66%-84% practiced at all
Times
3 - Satisfactory the activity was observed 33%-64% practices at
Times
2 - Fair the activity was observed 15%-32% practiced at
Times
1 - Poor the activity was observed 1%-14% practices at times
 To give interpretation to the computed weighted mean, the following scale will be used:

Range Descriptive Rating

1 1.00 – 2.99 Very Low

2 3.00 – 3.99 Low

3 4.00 – 5.99 Moderate

4 6.00 – 7.99 High

5 8.00 – 10.0 0 Very High

Construction and Validation of Survey Instruments

The survey questionnaire will be constructed by the researchers to serve its purpose in the

study. Some items were lifted in the set of the said questionnaires but were further developed

and improved by the researcher with the help of their adviser to suit existing conditions of the

school. The development of the said survey questionnaire resulted from numerous literature

review which reflected the said practices.

Since the researcher developed and improved all the survey questionnaires it is deemed

necessary that, it was tested for validity. Gant (1999), states that validity is the most important

considerations in test evaluation. The concept refers to the appropriateness, meaningfulness, and

usefulness of the specific inferences from the test scores. Test validation is the process of

accumulating evidence to support such inferences.

Antasi (1988) wrote that face validity pertains if the test looks valid to examinees who

will take it; refers not to what the test actually measures, but to what it appears superficially to

measure. Face validity can even be done even by untrained personnel or even to subjects who

were novice on the behavior s or domains of the test. Whereas, content validity was used to
establish the extent whether items in the test reflects all the behavior s and domains to be

measured.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher sought an endorsement letter from the St. Joseph College-Olongapo,

Senior High School Department’s Principal to conduct the interview and to administer survey

questionnaire to the said department. To attain the veracity of the responses, the researchers

personally visited each year level to personally hand the survey questionnaires to the chosen

respondents. The respondents will be very supportive for they really gave their most precious

time in answering the questionnaires.

Data Processing and Statistical Treatment

After administering the questionnaires, the results will be collected and tallied. Data

gathered will be presented in appropriate table, and will be subjected for statistical analysis so

that relevant information can be drawn from the study.

To describe the personal profile of the respondent’s frequency counting and percentage

were used. Mean and ANOVA or the f-test was used to establish significant differences in the

perception of the three groups of respondents. Pearson’s Moment of Correlation and regression

analysis were used to established the existing effect of the, personal profiles of the respondents

when taken singly or in combination. McClane (1988), opined that the parameters are estimated

so as to give a best fit of the data. Most commonly best fit is evaluated by using the least square

method, but other criteria have also been used.

 Notes in Chapter III

John W. Best and James Khan, Research in Education, 9th Edition, (New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, Inc.) 2002.

James P. Key, Research Design in Occupation, IRB Thesis Handbook, (Oklahoma,

Oklahoma University), 1977.

J. P. Gay, Educational Research and Competencies for Analysis and Application, 5th
Edition, (New Jersey: Mervin Prentice Hall), 1991.

A. Anastasi, Psychological Testing, (New York; New York Mac Millan), 1998.

A. Anastasi and Urbina, Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing,

American Research Association, Washington, DC: America, 1997.

Jomer T. McClanel, Statistics for Business and Economics, New Jersey: Dellen
Publishing Co., 1988.