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    Workshop 04.1: Metal Plasticity: ANSYS Mechanical Basic Structural Nonlinearities

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    Sahil Jawa

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Workshop 04.1: Metal Plasticity: ANSYS Mechanical Basic Structural Nonlinearities

    Uploaded by

    Sahil Jawa
    153 views28 pages

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    Mech_BSN_17.0_WS04.1_Metal-Plasticity

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    153 views28 pages

    Workshop 04.1: Metal Plasticity: ANSYS Mechanical Basic Structural Nonlinearities

    Uploaded by

    Sahil Jawa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Workshop 04.1: Metal Plasticity


    ANSYS Mechanical Basic Structural Nonlinearities

    1 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Introduction
    Goal:
    • Define a nonlinear metal plasticity material for a belleville spring geometry and simulate
    “spring back” upon application of and subsequent removal of a displacement load.
    • Post process stress and strain results
    • Generate a force vs. deflection curve on the spring.

    2 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Model Description

    2D axisymmetric geometry
    • The spring material is a ductile steel sandwiched between two rigid surfaces.
    • Frictionless contact is assumed between the spring and the rigid geometries.

    Displaced rigid boundary

    2D axisymmetric
    centerline Belleville spring

    Fixed rigid boundary

    3 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Project Startup
    Steps to Follow:
    • Restore Archive… browse for file “SNLWS04.1-belleville.wbpz”

    Save as
    • File name: “WS04.1-belleville”
    • Save as type: Workbench Project Files (*.wbpj)

    4 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Project Schematic

    The project Schematic should look like the picture to the


    right.
    • From this Schematic, you can see that Engineering (material) Data
    and Geometry have already been defined (green check marks).

    • It remains to set up and run the FE model in Mechanical.


    • Open the Engineering Data Cell (highlight and double click OR Right
    Mouse Button (RMB)>Edit) to verify the linear material properties.

    • Verify that the units are in Metric(Tonne,mm,…) system. If not, fix


    this by clicking on…

    – Utility Menu > Units > Metric(Tonne, mm,…)

    5 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Launching Mechanical

    Return to the Project Page.


    Double click on the Model Cell to open the FE Model (Mechanical Session) (or
    RMB=>Edit…).

    6 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Model Description
    Open the folders beneath the model branch to become familiar with the model
    set-up.
    Highlight “Geometry” and refer
    to the details window to verify that this is a
    2D axisymmetric model.

    Inspect the two asymmetric frictionless


    contact regions on top and bottom of spring
    which interface with top and bottom rigid
    boundaries.

    Inspect the no-separation contact region


    which ties down the spring at the bottom
    corner to prevent rigid body motion during
    unloading.

    7 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Mesh View
    • Review the mesh:
    – RMB>Generate Mesh

    The upper and lower geometries are meshed with one


    element each, while the belleville spring geometry is a
    free mesh.

    8 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Analysis Settings
    This is going to be a 3 load step analysis:

    With the bottom plate fixed:


    LS1: Null Solution (to generate results at origin for force-deflection
    plot)
    LS2: Apply displacement load (-5mm) to upper plate
    LS3: Remove displacement load
    • Confirm the following Analysis Settings:
    Number of Steps: 3
    Weak Springs : Off
    Large Deflection : On

    For Current Step Number =1, Auto Time Stepping On and with
    Initial, Minimum and Maximum Substeps = ‘1’. (Null Solution)

    For Current Step Numbers 2 and 3, Program Controlled for Auto


    Time Stepping.
    9 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016
    Boundary Conditions
    • Review the predefined displacement load on the upper plate for the
    three load steps.

    10 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Solve the Model
    • Execute Solve:

    • After solution is complete, review convergence history:

    11 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Results View
    • Post Process results at Load step 2:
    – Note how high the stress in the spring is at the end of LS2.
    Recall, this is still linear elastic material.
    – At LS3 (not shown), plastic strain is zero and there is no permanent deformation of the
    spring upon unloading as expected.

    12 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Force vs. Deflection
    • Generate Force vs. Deflection Curve of Spring
    – With Solution Branch Highlighted:
    RMB>Insert>User Defined Result
    – Scope result to the upper rigid plate
    – Define the expression as ‘abs(FY)’ for absolute value of force in Y-direction

    13 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Displacement in UY
    Repeat Procedure for Displacement in ‘UY’

    – Highlight both User Defined Results:


    RMB>Rename based on Definition
    – Highlight Solution Branch:
    RMB>Evaluate results

    14 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Force vs. Deflection
    • Insert a Chart Tool for plotting FY vs UY
    – Fill in Chart tool Details Window as Follows:
    – Definition: Select ‘abs(FY)’ and ‘abs(UY)’ from Solution Branch
    – Chart Tool: X Axis: abs(UY) (Max)
    – Axis Labels:
    – X-Axis Label: Deflection
    – Y-Axis Label: Force

    – Input & Output Quantities:


    – Omit: Time, abs(FY)(Min), abs(UY)(Min)

    15 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Force vs. Deflection

    • Resulting Chart of Force vs Displacement for linear material is a straight line


    with no permanent deformation as expected

    16 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Duplicate the Model
    Duplicate the Static Analysis
    • Return to the Project Schematic
    • Highlight the Model Cell and RMB> Duplicate

    17 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    New Material Properties

    Disassociate material properties link


    • The second analysis is going to be with metal plasticity defined
    • Highlight the Engineering data link and RMB>Delete

    18 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    New Material Properties
    Project Schematic should now look like the diagram below
    • We can now modify the Engineering data in Table B without effecting the model and/or
    results of Table A.
    • Change the title of the new Analysis to:
    “Belleville Spring-Nonlinear Materials”
    • Open the Engineering Data Cell in Table B

    19 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Multilinear Isotropic Hardening
    Insert a Metal Plasticity Model
    • From the Tool Box, open the Plasticity Folder
    • Highlight Multilinear Isotropic Hardening and RMB>”Include Property”
    • The new material should now appear in the Properties dialogue box

    20 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Multilinear Isotropic Hardening

    Define Plasticity data


    • Fill in plastic strain and stress data as shown to
    the right

    • From the Utility Menu, read in the modified


    material properties with

    • Return to Project Workspace


    – Refresh Project

    21 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Launching Mechanical
    From the project schematic, highlight and open the model cell in Table B.

    All the geometry entities, meshing specs, boundary conditions, loads and
    analysis settings are preserved from the previous analysis.
    – Execute the Solve with the newly defined plasticity properties

    22 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Analysis Settings
    Return to Analysis Settings. For LS 2 and 3 specify the following for autotime
    stepping:

    Execute Solve…

    23 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Results View

    • After solution is complete, review Solution output:

    – Confirm that the metal plasticity, as defined, was included in this new run

    24 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Force Convergence
    • Review the Convergence History. Compare this with the Linear material run.

    25 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Results View
    • Post Process results at Load step 2 as before:
    – Compare the max stress in this material with the linear material

    – Note also that the spring


    now takes a permanent
    set after load is removed
    as expected.

    26 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Force vs. Deflection
    • Highlight the Chart tool and Plot Force vs Deflection as before.
    – Note the nonlinear path of the curve reflecting the influence of the material yielding and
    taking a permanent set.
    – Note also the difference in the magnitude of the load required to produce the same
    deflection with this material verses the linear material, underscoring the importance of
    considering nonlinear material behavior in some designs.

    27 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016


    Go Further
    • To improve the quality of the force deflection curve, try rerunning the
    analysis using a minimum of 15 substeps for LS 2 and 3.

    28 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. May 31, 2016

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