Lect. - 11 - Heat Exchanger

Lecture 11
Heat Exchangers
Fall (2012)
Dr. Maher Abou Al-Sood

Chapter 5
Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger
Layout of the Lecture

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Heat Transfer Coefficients for Exchangers without Fins
5.3 Hydraulic Calculations for Exchangers without Fins
Example 5.1
2
5.1 INTRODUCTION
 A simple double-pipe exchanger consists of two pairs of concentric
pipes arranged as shown below
 Such a configuration is called a hairpin.
3
5.1 INTRODUCTION
 Batteries of hairpins connected in series or in series-parallel
arrangements are commonly employed to provide adequate surface
area for heat transfer.
Two hairpins connected in series

4
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Hairpins with annuli connected in series and inner pipes connected in parallel
5
5.1 INTRODUCTION
 The two fluids that are transferring heat flow in the inner and outer
pipes, respectively.
 The fluids usually flow through the exchanger in opposite directions
counter flow.
 In some special-purpose applications, parallel (or co-current) flow is
employed in which the two streams flow in the same direction
 Multi-tube exchangers are also available in which the inner pipe is
replaced by a bundle of U-tubes, as below.
6
5.1 INTRODUCTION
 The tubes may be either plain or equipped with longitudinal fins.
 Simple double-pipe exchangers are commercially available with
outer-pipe sizes ranging from 2 to 8 in. and inner pipes from 3/4 to 6
in.
 Multi-tube exchangers typically have outer pipes ranging in size from
3 to 16 in. with tubing of various sizes.
 However, multi-tube units with outer-pipe sizes as large as 36 in. are
commercially available.
 advantages of double-pipes heat exchangers
 low installation cost,
 ease of maintenance and cleaning,
 flexibility. Hairpins can easily be added to or removed or finned tube
(Finns are used when ho=1/2 hi)
 Suitable for high pressure (300 atm in shell and 1400 atm in tubes), and
high temperature (600oC)
 Possibility of obtaining purely counterflow
7
 Simple in construction.
5.1 INTRODUCTION
 Double pipe heat exchangers are mainly used in heating and cooling
 They are also relatively expensive per unit of heat-transfer surface.
 Simple unfinned double-pipe exchangers tend to become unwieldy,

when heat-transfer areas greater than about 1000 ft2 are required.
 Multi-tube hairpin exchangers with heat-transfer areas in excess of

12,000 ft2 have been built and are commercially available.
 Design of double-pipe heat exchangers involves a trade-off between

low capital cost (high overall heat-transfer coefficient, small heat-
transfer area) and low operating cost (small stream pressure drops).
 A simpler procedure is to specify a reasonable pressure drop

allowance for each stream and design the exchanger within these
constraints.
8
5.2 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS FOR EXCHANGERS
WITHOUT FINS
 Heat-transfer correlations for pipes and annuli were presented

Chapter 3. are not repeated here
5.3 HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS FOR EXCHANGERS

WITHOUT FINS
 The main contribution to pressure drop in double-pipe exchangers is

from fluid friction in the straight sections of pipe.
 For isothermal flow
 L  u   L  G 
2 2
p f  4 f     4 f   
 d  2   d  2  
9
5.3 HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS FOR EXCHANGERS
WITHOUT FINS
 The diameter mentioned in previous equation is ID for inner tube and
hydraulic diameter for annulus
 The hydraulic diameter DH is used for calculation pressure drop and

Reynolds number
 Di2 d o2 
4   2
 2
    i
4 AC 4 4 D d
DH  o
 Di  d o
Pw Di  d o Di  d o
 While the equivalent diameter De is used for calculation Nu in annulus
 Di2 d o2 
4  
4 AC  4 4  Di  d o
2 2
De   
Ph d o do 10
5.3.1 Example 5.1
A stream consisting in 1.389 kg/s of natural gas at 20°C and 4,000 kPa must be
heated up to 40°C before its expansion. A hot-oil stream, available at 200°C, will be
used for this service. The hot-oil return temperature should be 150°C. The physical
properties of the streams are as follows:
Hot oil Gas
Mean Temperature, oC 175 30
Specific heat, J//kg.K 2800 2510
Viscosity, Pa.s 0.0046 0.000119
Thermal conductivity, W/m.K 0.112 0.0358
Density, kg/m3 790 30.71
Prandtl number 115 8.34
Heat transfer coefficient, h, W/m2K 164.89 -----
Fouling resistances should be 0.00053 m2.K/W for each fluid. A double pipe heat
exchanger is selected with a number of 3.5 m hairpins of 3 in (ID=0.0779 m) by 2 in
(ID=0.0525 m, OD=0.0603 m). Assume the pipe is made of carbon steel (K=54
W/m.K), hot oil flows through the inner tube, and the heat exchanger is insulated
against losses. Calculate:
The annulus heat transfer coefficient, Number of hairpins, and Annulus pressure11

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Lecture 11

Dr. Maher Abou Al-Sood

Layout of the Lecture

 Such a configuration is called a hairpin.

Two hairpins connected in series

 They are also relatively expensive per unit of heat-transfer surface.

 Simple unfinned double-pipe exchangers tend to become unwieldy,

 Multi-tube hairpin exchangers with heat-transfer areas in excess of

 Design of double-pipe heat exchangers involves a trade-off between

 A simpler procedure is to specify a reasonable pressure drop

 Heat-transfer correlations for pipes and annuli were presented

5.3 HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS FOR EXCHANGERS

 The main contribution to pressure drop in double-pipe exchangers is

 The hydraulic diameter DH is used for calculation pressure drop and

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