Document No. :: IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.

0
Final Report :: A - Earthquake Codes
IITK-GSDMA Project on Building Codes

comment

Explanatory Examples on Indian Seismic

Code IS 1893 (Part I)

by

Dr. Sudhir K Jain

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur
• The solved examples included in this document are based on a draft
code being developed under IITK-GSDMA Project on Building Codes.
The draft code is available at http://www.nicee.org/IITK-GSDMA/IITK-
GSDMA.htm (document number IITK-GSDMA-EQ05-V3.0).
• This document has been developed through the IITK-GSDMA Project
on Building Codes.
• The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not
necessarily of the GSDMA, the World Bank, IIT Kanpur, or the Bureau
of Indian Standards.
• Comments and feedbacks may please be forwarded to:
Prof. Sudhir K Jain, Dept. of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur
208016, email: nicee@iitk.ac.in
 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

CONTENTS

Sl.
Title Page No.
No
1. Calculation of Design Seismic Force by Static Analysis Method 4
2. Calculation of Design Seismic Force by Dynamic Analysis Method 7
3. Location of Centre of Mass 10
4. Location of Centre of Stiffness 11
5. Lateral Force Distribution as per Torsion Provisions of IS 1893-2002 (Part I) 12
6. Lateral Force Distribution as per New Torsion Provisions 14
7. Design for Anchorage of an Equipment 16
8. Anchorage Design for an Equipment Supported on Vibration Isolator 18
9. Design of a Large Sign Board on a Building 20
10. Liquefaction Analysis Using SPT Data 21
11. Liquefaction Analysis Using CPT Data 23

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0
 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example 1 – Calculation of Design Seismic Force by Static Analysis

Method
Problem Statement:
Consider a four-storey reinforced concrete office building shown in Fig. 1.1. The building is located in
Shillong (seismic zone V). The soil conditions are medium stiff and the entire building is supported on a raft
foundation. The R. C. frames are infilled with brick-masonry. The lumped weight due to dead loads is 12
kN/m2 on floors and 10 kN/m2 on the roof. The floors are to cater for a live load of 4 kN/m2 on floors and
1.5 kN/m2 on the roof. Determine design seismic load on the structure as per new code.
[Problem adopted from Jain S.K, “A Proposed Draft for IS:1893 Provisions on Seismic Design of Buildings;
Part II: Commentary and Examples”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.22, No.2, July 1995, pp.73-90 ]

y
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(4) (5)
(A)

(B)
3 @ 5000

(C)

(D) x
4 @ 5000
PLAN

3200

3200

3200

4200

ELEVATION

Figure 1.1 – Building configuration

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 1/Page 4

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

= 0.09(13.8) / 20
Solution:
= 0.28 sec
Design Parameters: The building is located on Type II (medium soil).

For seismic zone V, the zone factor Z is 0.36 From Fig. 2 of IS: 1893, for T=0.28 sec, S a g =
(Table 2 of IS: 1893). Being an office building, 2.5
the importance factor, I, is 1.0 (Table 6 of IS: ZI S a
1893). Building is required to be provided with Ah =
2R g
moment resisting frames detailed as per IS:
13920-1993. Hence, the response reduction 0.36 × 1.0
= × 2.5
factor, R, is 5. 2×5
= 0.09
(Table 7 of IS: 1893 Part 1)
(Clause 6.4.2 of IS: 1893 Part 1)
Seismic Weights:
Design base shear
The floor area is 15×20=300 sq. m. Since the live
VB = AhW
load class is 4kN/sq.m, only 50% of the live load
is lumped at the floors. At roof, no live load is to = 0.09 × 15,600
be lumped. Hence, the total seismic weight on the = 1,440 kN
floors and the roof is: (Clause 7.5.3 of IS: 1893 Part 1)
Floors:
Force Distribution with Building Height:
W1=W2 =W3 =300×(12+0.5×4)
= 4,200 kN The design base shear is to be distributed with
height as per clause 7.7.1. Table 1.1 gives the
Roof: calculations. Fig. 1.2(a) shows the design seismic
W4 = 300×10 force in X-direction for the entire building.
= 3,000 kN
EL in Y-Direction:
(clause7.3.1, Table 8 of IS: 1893 Part 1)
T = 0.09 h d
Total Seismic weight of the structure,
= 0.09(13.8) / 15
W = ΣW i = 3×4,200 + 3,000 = 0.32 sec
= 15,600 kN Sa
= 2.5;
Fundamental Period: g
Ah = 0.09
Lateral load resistance is provided by moment
resisting frames infilled with brick masonry Therefore, for this building the design seismic
panels. Hence, approximate fundamental natural force in Y-direction is same as that in the X-
period: direction. Fig. 1.2(b) shows the design seismic
force on the building in the Y-direction.
(Clause 7.6.2. of IS: 1893 Part 1)

EL in X-Direction:
T = 0.09h / d

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 1/Page 5

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Table 1.1 – Lateral Load Distribution with Height by the Static Method
Storey Wi (kN ) hi (m) Wi hi2 × (1000) Wi hi2 Lateral Force at ith
Level
∑W h i i
2 Level for EL
direction (kN)
in

X Y
4 3,000 13.8 571.3 0.424 611 611
3 4,200 10.6 471.9 0.350 504 504
2 4,200 7.4 230.0 0.171 246 246
1 4,200 4.2 74.1 0.055 79 79
Σ 1,347.3 1,000 1,440 1,440

Figure 1.2 -- Design seismic force on the building for (a) X-direction, and (b) Y-direction.

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 1/Page 6

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example 2 – Calculation of Design Seismic Force by Dynamic

Analysis Method
Problem Statement:
For the building of Example 1, the dynamic properties (natural periods, and mode shapes) for vibration in
the X-direction have been obtained by carrying out a free vibration analysis (Table 2.1). Obtain the design
seismic force in the X-direction by the dynamic analysis method outlined in cl. 7.8.4.5 and distribute it with
building height.

Table 2.1 – Free Vibration Properties of the building for vibration in the X-Direction
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
Natural Period (sec) 0.860 0.265 0.145
Mode Shape
Roof 1.000 1.000 1.000
3rd Floor 0.904 0.216 -0.831
2nd Floor 0.716 -0.701 -0.574
1st Floor 0.441 -0.921 1.016

[Problem adopted from, Jain S.K, “A Proposed Draft for IS: 1893 Provisions on Seismic Design of
Buildings; Part II: Commentary and Examples”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.22, No.2, July 1995,
pp.73-90]

Solution:
Table 2.2 -- Calculation of modal mass and modal participation factor (clause 7.8.4.5)
Storey Weight
Level i Wi (kN ) Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3

4 3,000 1.000 3,000 3,000 1.000 3,000 3,000 1.000 3,000 3,000
3 4,200 0.904 3,797 3,432 0.216 907 196 -0.831 -3,490 2,900
2 4,200 0.716 3,007 2,153 -0.701 -2,944 2,064 -0.574 -2,411 1,384
1 4,200 0.441 1,852 817 -0.921 -3,868 3,563 1.016 4,267 4,335
Σ 15,600 11,656 9,402 -2,905 8,822 1,366 11,620

Mk =
[∑ w φ ] i ik
2 11,6562 14,450kN
9,402 g
=
g
2,9052 957kN
8,822 g
=
g
1,3662
11,620 g
=
161kN
g
g ∑w φ i
2
ik = 14,45,000 kg =95,700 kg = 16,100 kg
% of Total weight 92.6% 6.1% 1.0%

Pk =
∑w φ i ik
11,656 − 2,905 1,366
∑w φ i
2
ik
9,402
= 1.240
8,822
= −0.329
11,620
= 0.118

vibration only. However, for illustration, solution

to this example considers the first three modes of
It is seen that the first mode excites 92.6% of the
vibration.
total mass. Hence, in this case, codal requirements
on number of modes to be considered such that at The lateral load Qik acting at ith floor in the kth
least 90% of the total mass is excited, will be mode is
satisfied by considering the first mode of
Qik = Ahk φ ik Pk Wi

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 2/Page 7

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

(clause 7.8.4.5 c of IS: 1893 Part 1) ZI

Ah 2 = (S a / g )
The value of Ahk for different modes is obtained 2R
from clause 6.4.2. 0.36 × 1
= × (2.5)
Mode 1: 2×5
= 0.09
T1 = 0.860 sec; Qi1 = 0.09 × (−0.329) × φi 2 × Wi
1 .0
(S a / g ) = = 1.16 ; Mode 3:
0.86
ZI T3 = 0.145 sec;
Ah1 = (S a / g )
2R ( S a / g ) = 2.5 ;
0.36 × 1 ZI
= × (1.16) Ah 3 = (S a / g )
2×5 2R
= 0.0418 0.36 × 1
Qi1 = 0.0418 × 1.240 × φ i1 × Wi = × (2.5)
2×5
Mode 2: = 0.09
Qi 3 = 0.09 × (0.118) × φ i 3 × Wi
T2 = 0.265 sec;
Table 2.3 summarizes the calculation of lateral
( S a / g ) = 2.5 ;
load at different floors in each mode.

Table 2.3 – Lateral load calculation by modal analysis method (earthquake in X-direction)
Floor Weight
Level Wi Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
i (kN ) φ i1 Q i1 V i1 φ i2 Q i2 V i2 φ i3 Q i3 V i3
4 3,000 1.000 155.5 155.5 1.000 -88.8 -88.8 1.000 31.9 31.9
3 4,200 0.904 196.8 352.3 0.216 -26.8 -115.6 -0.831 -37.1 -5.2
2 4,200 0.716 155.9 508.2 -0.701 87.2 -28.4 -0.574 -25.6 -30.8
1 4,200 0.441 96.0 604.2 -0.921 114.6 86.2 1.016 45.4 14.6

Since all of the modes are well separated (clause Clause 7.8.2 requires that the base shear obtained
3.2), the contribution of different modes is by dynamic analysis (VB = 610 kN) be compared
combined by the SRSS (square root of the sum of with that obtained from empirical fundamental
the square) method period as per Clause 7.6. If VB is less than that
from empirical value, the response quantities are
V4 = [(155.5)2+ (88.8)2+ (31.9)2]1/2 = 182 kN
to be scaled up.
V3 = [(352.3)2+ (115.6)2+ (5.2)2]1/2 = 371 kN We may interpret “base shear calculated using a
fundamental period as per 7.6” in two ways:
V2 = [(508.2)2+ (28.4)2+ (30.8)2]1/2 = 510 kN
1. We calculate base shear as per Cl. 7.5.3. This
2 2 2 1/2 was done in the previous example for the same
V1 = [(604.2) + (86.2) + (14.6) ] = 610 kN
building and we found the base shear as 1,404 kN.
(Clause 7.8.4.4a of IS: 1893 Part 1) Now, dynamic analysis gives us base shear of 610
kN which is lower. Hence, all the response
The externally applied design loads are then
quantities are to be scaled up in the ratio
obtained as:
(1,404/610 = 2.30). Thus, the seismic forces
Q4 = V4 = 182 kN obtained above by dynamic analysis should be
Q3 = V3 – V4 = 371 – 182 = 189 kN scaled up as follows:
Q2 = V2 – V3 = 510 – 371 = 139 kN
Q4 = 182 × 2.30 = 419 kN
Q1 = V1 – V2 = 610 – 510 = 100 kN
Q3 = 189 × 2.30 = 435 kN
(Clause 7.8.4.5f of IS: 1893 Part 1) Q2 = 139 × 2.30 = 320 kN

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 2/Page 8

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Q1 = 100 × 2.30 = 230 kN = 1,303 kN

2. We may also interpret this clause to mean that Notice that most of the base shear is contributed
we redo the dynamic analysis but replace the by first mode only. In this interpretation of Cl
fundamental time period value by Ta (= 0.28 sec). 7.8.2, we need to scale up the values of response
In that case, for mode 1: quantities in the ratio (1,303/610 = 2.14). For
instance, the external seismic forces at floor levels
T1 = 0.28 sec;
will now be:
( S a / g ) = 2.5 ;
Ah1 ZI Q4 = 182 × 2.14 = 389 kN
= (S a / g )
2R Q3 = 189 × 2.14 = 404 kN
=0.09 Q2 = 139 × 2.14 = 297 kN
Modal mass times Ah1 Q1 = 100 × 2.14 = 214 kN
= 14,450 × 0.09 Clearly, the second interpretation gives about
= 1,300 kN 10% lower forces. We could make either
Base shear in modes 2 and 3 is as calculated interpretation. Herein we will proceed with the
earlier: Now, base shear in first mode of vibration values from the second interpretation and
=1300 kN, 86.2 kN and 14.6 kN, respectively. compare the design values with those obtained in
Example 1 as per static analysis:
Total base shear by SRSS

= 1300 + 86.2 + 14.6

2 2 2

Table 2.4 – Base shear at different storeys

Floor Q (static) Q (dynamic, Storey Shear V Storey ShearV Storey Moment, Storey
Level scaled) (static) (dynamic, M (Static) Moment, M
i scaled) (Dynamic)
4 611 kN 389 kN 611 kN 389 kN 1,907 kNm 1,245
kNm
3 504 kN 404 kN 1,115kN 793 kN 5,386 kNm 3,782
kNm
2 297 kN 297 kN 1,412kN 1,090 kN 9.632 kNm 7,270
kNm
1 79 kN 214 kN 1,491 kN 1,304 kN 15,530 kNm 12,750
kNm

Notice that even though the base shear by the

static and the dynamic analyses are comparable,
there is considerable difference in the lateral load
distribution with building height, and therein lies
the advantage of dynamic analysis. For instance,
the storey moments are significantly affected by
change in load distribution.

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 2/Page 9

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example 3 – Location of Centre of Mass

Problem Statement:
Locate centre of mass of a building having non-uniform distribution of mass as shown in the figure 3.1

10 m

4m
1200 kg/m2

1000 kg/m2

8m

A
20 m

Figure 3.1 –Plan

Solution:
Let us divide the roof slab into three rectangular Y=
(10 × 4 × 1200) × 6 + (10 × 4 × 1000) × 6 + (20 × 4 × 1000) × 2
parts as shown in figure 2.1 (10 × 4 × 1200) + (10 × 4 × 1000) + (20 × 4 × 1000)
= 4.1 m

10 m Hence, coordinates of centre of mass are

(9.76, 4.1)
I II
4m 1200 kg/m2
8m
1000 kg/m2 III

20 m
Figure 3.2
Mass of part I is 1200 kg/m2, while that of the
other two parts is 1000 kg/m2. .
Let origin be at point A, and the coordinates of
the centre of mass be at (X, Y)

X =
(10 × 4 × 1200) × 5 + (10 × 4 × 1000) × 15 + (20 × 4 × 1000) × 10
(10 × 4 × 1200) + (10 × 4 × 1000) + (20 × 4 × 1000)
= 9.76 m

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21 –V2.0 Example 3 /Page10

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example 4 – Location of Centre of Stiffness

Problem Statement:
The plan of a simple one storey building is shown in figure 3.1. All columns and beams are same. Obtain its
centre of stiffness.

5m

5m

5m 5m 10 m

Figure 4.1 –Plan

Solution:
In the X-direction there are three identical frames
located at uniform spacing. Hence, the y-
coordinate of centre of stiffness is located
symmetrically, i.e., at 5.0 m from the left bottom
corner.
In the Y-direction, there are four identical frames
having equal lateral stiffness. However, the
spacing is not uniform. Let the lateral stiffness of
each transverse frame be k, and coordinating of
center of stiffness be (X, Y).
k × 0 + k × 5 + k × 10 + k × 20
X = = 8.75 m
k+k+k+k
Hence, coordinates of centre of stiffness are
(8.75, 5.0).

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21 –V2.0 Example 4 /Page11

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example 5 –Lateral Force Distribution as per Torsion Provisions of IS

1893-2002 (Part 1)
Problem Statement:
Consider a simple one-storey building having two shear walls in each direction. It has some gravity columns
that are not shown. All four walls are in M25 grade concrete, 200 thick and 4 m long. Storey height is 4.5 m.
Floor consists of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete. Design shear force on the building is 100 kN in either
direction.
Compute design lateral forces on different shear walls using the torsion provisions of 2002 edition of IS
1893 (Part 1).

Y
2m 4m 4m

4m 8m
A B

D X
16m

Figure 5.1 – Plan

Solution:
Grade of concrete: M25 ed = 0.0 − 0.05 × 8 = −0.4
E = 5000 25 = 25000 N/mm2 (Clause 7.9.2 of IS 1893:2002)
Storey height h = 4500 m Lateral forces in the walls due to translation:
Thickness of wall t = 200 mm
KC
Length of walls L = 4000 mm FCT = F = 50.0 kN
All walls are same, and hence, spaces have same KC + K D
lateral stiffness, k. KD
FDT = F = 50.0 kN
Centre of mass (CM) will be the geometric centre KC + K D
of the floor slab, i.e., (8.0, 4.0). Lateral forces in the walls due to torsional
moment:
Centre of rigidity (CR) will be at (6.0, 4.0).
FiR =
K i ri
(Fed )
EQ Force in X-direction: ∑ K i ri2
i = A , B ,C , D
Because of symmetry in this direction, calculated
eccentricity = 0.0 m where ri is the distance of the shear wall from CR.
Design eccentricity: All the walls have same stiffness, KA = KB = KC =
ed = 1.5 × 0.0 + 0.05 × 8 = 0.4 , KD = k, and
rA = -6.0 m
and
rB = -6.0 m

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21 –V2.0 Example 5 /Page 12

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

rC = 4.0 m rA k
FAR = (Fed ) =
rD = -4.0 m,
and ed = ±0.4 m
(r + r + rC2 + rD2 k
2
A
2
B ) -

21.92 kN
Therefore,
Similarly,
rA k FBR = 21.92 kN
= 2 (Fed )
( )
FAR FCR = -14.62 kN
rA + rB2 + rC2 + rD2 k
FDR = 14.62 kN
= ± 2.31 kN Total lateral forces in the walls:
Similarly, FA = 50 - 21.92= 28.08 kN
FBR = ± 2.31 kN FB = 50 +20.77= 71.92 kN
FCR = ± 1.54 kN FC = -14.62 kN
FDR = ± 1.54 kN FD = 14.62 kN

Total lateral forces in the walls due to seismic Similarly, when ed = 1.2 m, then the total lateral
load in X direction: forces in the walls will be,
FA = 50 – 6.93 = 43.07 kN
FA = 2.31 kN FB = 50 + 6.93 = 56.93 kN
FB = 2.31 kN FC = - 4.62 kN
FC = Max (50 ± 1.54 ) = 51.54 kN FD = 4.62 kN
FD = Max (50 ± 1.54 ) = 51.54 kN
Maximum forces in walls due to seismic load in Y
direction:
EQ Force in Y-direction:
FA = Max (28.08, 43.07) = 43.07 kN;
Calculated eccentricity= 2.0 m FB = Max (71.92, 56.93) = 71.92 kN;
Design eccentricity: FC = Max (14.62, 4.62) = 14.62 kN;
ed = 1.5 × 2.0 + 0.05 × 16 = 3.8 m FD = Max (14.62, 4.62) = 14.62 kN;
or = 2.0 − 0.05 × 16 = 1.2 m
Combining the forces obtained from seismic
Lateral forces in the walls due to translation: loading in X and Y directions:
FA = 43.07 kN
KA
FAT = F = 50.0 kN FB =71.92 kN
KA + KB FC =51.54 kN
KB FD =51.54 kN.
FBT = F = 50.0 kN
KA + KB
However, note that clause 7.9.1 also states
Lateral force in the walls due to torsional
that “However, negative torsional shear shall be
moment: when ed = 3.8 m
neglected”. Hence, wall A should be designed for
not less than 50 kN.

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 5/Page 13

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example 6 – Lateral Force Distribution as per New Torsion Provisions

Problem Statement:
For the building of example 5, compute design lateral forces on different shear walls using the torsion
provisions of revised draft code IS 1893 (part 1), i.e., IITK-GSDMA-EQ05-V2.0.

Y
2m 4m 6m 4m

4m 8m
A B

D X
16m

Figure 6.1 – Plan

Solution:
Grade of concrete: M25
E = 5000 25 = 25000 N/mm2 FiR =
K i ri
(Fed )
Storey height h = 4500 m ∑ K i ri 2
i = A , B ,C , D
Thickness of wall t = 200 mm
Length of walls L = 4000 mm where ri is the distance of the shear wall from CR
All walls are same, and hence, same lateral All the walls have same stiffness, KA = KB = KC =
stiffness, k. KD = k
Centre of mass (CM) will be the geometric centre
of the floor slab, i.e., (8.0, 4.0). rA= -6.0 m
rB= -6.0 m
Centre of rigidity (CR) will be at (6.0, 4.0). rC= 4.0 m
rD= -4.0 m
EQ Force in X-direction:
Because of symmetry in this direction, calculated FAR =
rA k
(Fed )
eccentricity = 0.0 m ( r + r + rC2 + rD2 k
2
A
2
B )
Design eccentricity, ed = 0.0 ± 0.1 × 8 = ±0.8 = - 4.62 kN
(clause 7.9.2 of Draft IS 1893: (Part1))
Similarly,
Lateral forces in the walls due to translation: FBR = 4.62 kN
FCT =
KC
F = 50.0 kN FCR = 3.08 kN
KC + K D FDR = -3.08 kN
KD Total lateral forces in the walls:
FDT = F = 50.0 kN
KC + K D FA = 4.62 kN
FB = - 4.62 kN
Lateral forces in the walls due to torsional FC = 50+3.08 = 53.08 kN
moment: FD = 50-3.08 = 46.92 kN

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21 –V2.0 Example 6 /Page 14

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Similarly, when ed= - 0.8 m, then the lateral Similarly,

forces in the walls will be, FBR = 20.77 kN
FA = - 4.62 kN FCR = 13.85 kN
FB = 4.62 kN FDR = -13.8 kN
FC = 50-3.08 = 46.92 kN
Total lateral forces in the walls:
FD = 50+3.08 = 53.08kN
FA = 50-20.77= 29.23 kN
Design lateral forces in walls C and D are: FB = 50+20.77= 70.77 kN
FC= FD= 53.05 kN FC = 13.85 kN
FD = -13.85 kN
EQ Force in Y-direction:
Similarly, when ed= 0.4 m, then the total lateral
Calculated eccentricity= 2.0 m forces in the walls will be,
Design eccentricity, FA = 50-2.31= 47.69 kN
ed = 2.0 + 0.1 × 16 = 3.6 m FB = 50+2.31= 53.31 kN
or FC = 1.54 kN
ed = 2.0 − 0.1 × 16 = 0.4 m FD = - 1.54 kN
Lateral forces in the walls due to translation: Maximum forces in walls A and B
FA =47.69 kN, FB =70.77 kN
KA
FAT = F = 50.0 kN Design lateral forces in all the walls are as
KA + KB
follows:
FBT =
KB
F = 50.0 kN FA =47.69 kN
KA + KB FB =70.77 kN
Lateral force in the walls due to torsional FC =53.05 kN
moment: when ed= 3.6 m FD =53.05 kN.

rA k
FAR = (Fed ) =
(r + r + rC2 + rD2 k
2
A
2
B ) -

20.77 kN

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 6/Page 15

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example 7 – Design for Anchorage of an Equipment

Problem Statement:
A 100 kN equipment (Figure 7.1) is to be installed on the roof of a five storey building in Simla
(seismic zone IV). It is attached by four anchored bolts, one at each corner of the equipment,
embedded in a concrete slab. Floor to floor height of the building is 3.0 m. except the ground
storey which is 4.2 m. Determine the shear and tension demands on the anchored bolts during
earthquake shaking.

Wp

Fp
CG
1.5 m

Anchor Anchor bolt

1.0 m
bolt

Figure 7.1– Equipment installed at roof

Solution:
Zone factor, Z = 0.24 (for zone IV, Table 2
of IS 1893),
Height of point of attachment of the The design seismic force
equipment above the foundation of the Z ⎛ x⎞ a
building, x = (4.2 +3.0 × 4) m = 16.2 m, Fp = ⎜1 + ⎟ p I pW p
2 ⎝ h ⎠ Rp
Height of the building, h = 16.2 m,
Amplification factor of the equipment, 0.24 ⎛ 16.2 ⎞ 1.0
a p = 1 (rigid component, Table 11), = ⎜1 + ⎟ (1)(100 ) kN
2 ⎝ 16.2 ⎠ 2.5
Response modification factor Rp = 2.5 = 9.6 kN < 0.1W p = 10.0kN
(Table 11),
Importance factor Ip = 1 (not life safety Hence, design seismic force, for the
component, Table 12), equipment

Weight of the equipment, Wp = 100 kN Fp =10.0 kN.

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 7/Page 16

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

The anchorage of equipment with the

building must be designed for twice of this
force (Clause 7.13.3.4 of draft IS 1893)
Shear per anchor bolt, V = 2Fp/4
=2 × 10.0/4 kN
=5.0 kN

The overturning moment is

M ot = 2.0 × (10.0 kN) × (1.5 m)
= 30.0 kN-m

The overturning moment is resisted by two

anchor bolts on either side. Hence, tension
per anchor bolt from overturning is
(30.0)
Ft = kN
(1.0)(2)
=15.0kN

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 7/Page 17

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example 8 – Anchorage Design for an Equipment Supported

on Vibration Isolator
Problem Statement:
A 100 kN electrical generator of a emergency power supply system is to be installed on the fourth
floor of a 6-storey hospital building in Guwahati (zone V). It is to be mounted on four flexible
vibration isolators, one at each corner of the unit, to damp the vibrations generated during the
operation. Floor to floor height of the building is 3.0 m. except the ground storey which is 4.2 m.
Determine the shear and tension demands on the isolators during earthquake shaking.

Wp

Fp CG
Vibration
Isolator 0 .8 m

1.2 m

Figure 8.1 – Electrical generator installed on the floor

Amplification factor of the generator,

Solution: a p = 2.5 (flexible component, Table 11),
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 (for zone V, Table 2 of
IS 1893), Response modification factor Rp = 2.5
(vibration isolator, Table 11),
Height of point of attachment of the
generator above the foundation of the Importance factor Ip = 1.5 (life safety
building, component, Table 12),
x = (4.2 + 3.0 × 3) m Weight of the generator, Wp = 100 kN
= 13.2 m, The design lateral force on the generator,
Height of the building, Z ⎛ x ⎞ ap
Fp = ⎜1 + ⎟ I pW p
h = (4.2 + 3.0 × 5) m 2 ⎝ h ⎠ Rp
= 19.2 m,

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 8/Page 18

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

0.36 ⎛ 13.2 ⎞ 2.5

= ⎜1 + ⎟ (1.5)(100 ) kN
2 ⎝ 19.2 ⎠ 2.5
= 45.6 kN
0.1Wp = 10.0kN
Since the generator is mounted on flexible
vibration isolator, the design force is
doubled i.e.,
Fp = 2 × 45.6 kN
= 91.2 kN
Shear force resisted by each isolator,
V = Fp/4
= 22.8 kN
The overturning moment,
M ot = ( 91.2 kN ) × ( 0.8 m )

= 73.0 kN-m
The overturning moment (Mot) is resisted by
two vibration isolators on either side.
Therefore, tension or compression on each
isolator,
( 73.0 ) kN
Ft =
(1.2 )( 2 )
= 30.4 kN

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 8/Page 19

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example 9 – Design of a Large Sign Board on a Building

Problem Statement:
A neon sign board is attached to a 5-storey building in Ahmedabad (seismic zone III). It is
attached by two anchors at a height 12.0 m and 8.0 m. From the elastic analysis under design
seismic load, it is found that the deflections of upper and lower attachments of the sign board are
35.0 mm and 25.0 mm, respectively. Find the design relative displacement.

Solution:
(i) D p = δ xA − δ yA
Since sign board is a displacement sensitive
nonstructural element, it should be designed = (175.0 – 125.0) mm
for seismic relative displacement.
= 50.0 mm
Design the connections of neon board to
Height of level x to which upper connection accommodate a relative motion of 50 mm.
point is attached, hx = 12.0 m

(ii) Alternatively, assuming that the analysis

Height of level y to which lower connection of building is not possible to assess
point is attached, hy = 8.0 m deflections under seismic loads, one may use
the drift limits (this presumes that the
building complies with seismic code).
Deflection at building level x of structure A
due to design seismic load determined by
elastic analysis = 35.0 mm Maximum interstorey drift allowance as per
clause 7.11.1 is IS : 1893 is 0.004 times the
storey height, i.e.,
Deflection at building level y of structure A
due to design seismic load determined by
elastic analysis = 25.0 mm Δ aA
= 0.004
hsx
Response reduction factor of the building R Δ aA
= 5 (special RC moment resisting frame, D p = R (hx − h y )
Table 7) hsx

δ xA = 5 x 35 =5 (12000.0 – 8000.0)(0.004) mm

= 175.0 mm = 80.0 mm

δ yA = 5 x 25
The neon board will be designed to
= 125.0 mm accommodate a relative motion of 80 mm.

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 9/Page 20

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example: 10 Liquefaction Analysis using SPT data

Problem Statement:
The measured SPT resistance and results of sieve analysis for a site in Zone IV are indicated in
Table 10.1. The water table is at 6m below ground level. Determine the extent to which liquefaction
is expected for 7.5 magnitude earthquake. Estimate the liquefaction potential and resulting
settlement expected at this location.

Table 10.1: Result of the Standard penetration Test and Sieve Analysis
Depth N 60 Soil Classification Percentage
(m) fine
0.75 Poorly Graded Sand and Silty Sand 11
9 (SP-SM)
3.75 16
17 Poorly Graded Sand and Silty Sand (SP-SM)
6.75 12
13 Poorly Graded Sand and Silty Sand (SP-SM)
9.75 8
18 Poorly Graded Sand and Silty Sand (SP-SM)
12.75 8
17 Poorly Graded Sand and Silty Sand (SP-SM)
15.75 7
15 Poorly Graded Sand and Silty Sand (SP-SM)
18.75 6
26 Poorly Graded Sand and Silty Sand (SP-SM)

Solution: evaluated = 12.75m

Site Characterization: Initial stresses:

This site consists of loose to dense poorly σ v = 12.75 × 18.5 = 235.9 kPa
graded sand to silty sand (SP-SM). The SPT
values ranges from 9 to 26. The site is located u 0 = (12.75 − 6.00) × 9.8 = 66.2 kPa
in zone IV. The peak horizontal ground
acceleration value for the site will be taken as σ v' = (σ v − u 0 ) = 235.9 − 66.2
0.24g corresponding to zone factor Z = 0.24
= 169.7 kPa
Liquefaction Potential of Underlying
Soil Stress reduction factor:
Step by step calculation for the depth of rd = 1 − 0.015 z = 1 − 0.015 × 12.75 = 0.81
12.75m is given below. Detailed calculations
for all the depths are given in Table 10.2. This Critical stress ratio induced by earthquake:
table provides the factor of safety against a max = 0.24 g , M w = 7.5
liquefaction (FSliq), maximum depth of
liquefaction below the ground surface, and the
vertical settlement of the soil due to
(
CSReq = 0.65 × (a maz / g ) × rd × σ v / σ v' )
liquefaction (Δv). CSReq = 0.65 × (0.24) × 0.81 × (235.9 / 169.7 )
a max = 0.18
= 0.24 , M w = 7.5 ,
g
Correction for SPT (N) value for
γ sat = 18.5 kN / m 3 , γ w = 9.8 kN / m 3 overburden pressure:
Depth of water level below G.L. = 6.00m (N )60 = C N × N 60

Depth at which liquefaction potential is to be

(
C N = 9.79 1 / σ v' )
1/ 2

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 10/Page 21

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Figure F-22 (for SPT data) Figure F-22 (for CPT data: in “factor of safety”
calculation in column 2 of page 24 this figure is
wrongly cited as F-6)
F

2.24 2.56
Figure F-4 provides a plot for km . Algebraically, the relationship is simply km =10
10 Mw subjected to
km ≥ 0.75

Figure F-6 Figure F-5

F

Figure F-8

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 10/Page 21 A

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

C N = 9.79 (1 / 169.7 ) CSR L = 0.14 × 1 × 1 × 0.88 = 0.12

1/ 2
= 0.75
(N )60 = 0.75 × 17 = 13 Factor of safety against liquefaction:
FS L = CSR L / CSReq = 0.12 / 0.18 = 0.67
Critical stress ratio resisting liquefaction:
Percentage volumetric strain (%ε)
For ( N )60 = 13 , fines content of 8%
For CSReql = CSReq / (k m kα kσ )
CSR7.5 = 0.14 (Figure F-2)
= 0.18 / (1x1x0.88) = 0.21
Corrected Critical Stress Ratio Resisting (N 1 )60 = 13
Liquefaction:
%ε = 2.10 (from Figure F-8)
CSRL = CSR7.5 k m kα kσ
k m = Correction factor for earthquake Liquefaction induced vertical settlement
(ΔV):
magnitude other than 7.5 (Figure F-4)
(ΔV) = volumetric strain x thickness of
= 1.00 for M w = 7.5 liquefiable level
k α = Correction factor for initial driving static = 2.1 × 3.0 / 100 = 0.063m = 63mm
shear
Summary:
(Figure F-6)
Analysis shows that the strata between depths
= 1.00, since no initial static shear 6m and 19.5m are liable to liquefy. The
maximum settlement of the soil due to
liquefaction is estimated as 315mm (Table
kσ = Correction factor for stress level larger 10.2)
than 96 kPa (Figure F-5)
= 0.88

Table 10.2: Liquefaction Analysis: Water Level 6.00 m below GL (Units: Tons and Meters)

σv σ v'
Depth %Fine (kPa) (kPa) N 60 CN ( N )60 rd CSReq CSReql CSR7.5 CSR L FS L %ε ΔV

0.75 11.00 13.9 13.9 9.00 2.00 18 0.99 0.15 0.14 0.22 0.25 1.67 - -
3.75 16.00 69.4 69.4 17.00 1.18 20 0.94 0.15 0.14 0.32 0.34 2.27 - -
6.75 12.00 124.9 117.5 13.00 0.90 12 0.90 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.86 2.30 0.069
9.75 8.00 180.4 143.6 18.00 0.82 15 0.85 0.17 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.88 1.90 0.057
12.75 8.00 235.9 169.7 17.00 0.75 13 0.81 0.18 0.20 0.14 0.12 0.67 2.10 0.063
15.75 7.00 291.4 195.8 15.00 0.70 10 0.76 0.18 0.21 0.11 0.09 0.50 2.50 0.075
18.75 6.00 346.9 221.9 26.00 0.66 17 0.72 0.18 0.22 0.18 0.15 0.83 1.70 0.051
Total Δ 0.315

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 10/Page 22

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example: 11 Liquefaction Analysis using CPT data

Problem Statement:
Prepare a plot of factors of safety against liquefaction versus depth. The results of the cone
penetration test (CPT) of 20m thick layer in Zone V are indicated in Table 11.1. Assume the water
table to be at a depth of 2.35 m, the unit weight of the soil to be 18 kN/m3 and the magnitude of 7.5.

Table 11.1: Result of the Cone penetration Test

Depth Depth Depth
(m) qc fs (m) qc fs (m) qc fs
0.50 144.31 0.652 7.50 45.46 0.132 14.50 46.60 0.161

1.00 95.49 0.602 8.00 39.39 0.135 15.00 46.77 0.155

1.50 39.28 0.281 8.50 36.68 0.099 15.50 47.58 0.184

2.00 20.62 0.219 9.00 45.30 0.129 16.00 41.99 0.130

2.50 150.93 1.027 9.50 51.05 0.185 16.50 48.94 0.329

3.00 55.50 0.595 10.00 46.39 0.193 17.00 56.69 0.184

3.50 10.74 0.359 10.50 58.05 0.248 17.50 112.90 0.392

4.00 9.11 0.144 11.00 48.94 0.159 18.00 104.49 0.346

4.50 33.69 0.297 11.50 63.75 0.218 18.50 77.75 0.256

5.00 70.69 0.357 12.00 53.93 0.193 19.00 91.58 0.282

5.50 49.70 0.235 12.50 53.60 0.231 19.50 74.16 0.217

6.00 51.43 0.233 13.00 62.39 0.275 20.00 115.02 0.375

6.50 64.94 0.291 13.50 54.58 0.208

7.00 57.24 0.181 14.00 52.08 0.173

Solution: γ sat = 18 kN / m 3 , γ w = 9.8 kN / m 3

Liquefaction Potential of Underlying Depth of water level below G.L. = 2.35m
Soil Depth at which liquefaction potential is to be
Step by step calculation for the depth of 4.5m evaluated = 4.5m
is given below. Detailed calculations are
given in Table 11.2. This table provides the Initial stresses:
factor of safety against liquefaction (FSliq). σ v = 4.5 × 18 = 81.00 kPa
The site is located in zone V. The peak
horizontal ground acceleration value for the u 0 = (4.5 − 2.35) × 9.8 = 21.07 kPa
site will be taken as 0.36g corresponding to
zone factor Z = 0.36 σ v' = (σ v − u 0 ) = 81 − 21.07 = 59.93 kPa

Stress reduction factor:

amax/g = 0.36, Mw=7.5,

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21 –V2.0 Example 11 /Page 23

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

rd = 1 − 0.000765 z Q = [(q c − σ v ) Pa ](Pa σ v′ )

n

= 1 − 0.000765 × 4.5 = 0.997

Q = [(3369 − 81) 101.35] × (101.35 59.93)
0.5

Critical stress ratio induced by

= 42.19
earthquake:
K c = −0.403(2.19 ) + 5.581(2.19 ) − 21.63(2.19 )
4 3 2

(
CSReq = 0.65 × (a maz / g ) × rd × σ v / σ '
)
+ 33.75(2.19 ) − 17.88 = 1.64
v
M
CSReq = 0.65 × (0.36) × 0.997 × (81 / 59.93)
= 0.32 Normalized Cone Tip Resistance:

Corrected Critical Stress Ratio Resisting (qc1N )cs = K c (Pa σ v′ ) (q c Pa )

n

Liquefaction:
(q c1N )cs = 1.64(101.35 59.93)0.5 (3369 101.35)
CSRL = CSReq k m kα kσ
= 70.77
k m = Correction factor for earthquake
magnitude other than 7.5 Factor of safety against liquefaction:
(Figure F-4)
For (q c1N )cs = 70.77 ,
= 1.00 for M w = 7.5
CRR =0.11 (Figure F-6)
k α = Correction factor for initial driving
static shear FS liq = CRR / CSR L
(Figure F-6) FS liq = 0.11 / 0.32 = 0.34
= 1.00 , since no initial static shear
Summary:
kσ = Correction factor for stress level larger
than 96 kPa Analysis shows that the strata between depths
(Figure F-5) 0-1m are liable to liquefy under earthquake
shaking corresponding to peak ground
= 1.00 acceleration of 0.36g. The plot for depth
verses factor of safety is shown in
CSR L = 0.32 × 1 × 1 × 1 = 0.32
Figure 11.1
Correction factor for grain characteristics:
K c = 1 .0 for I c ≤ 1.64 and
4 3 2
K c = −0.403I c + 5.581I c − 21.63I c
M + 33.75 I c − 17.88 for I c > 1.64
The soil behavior type index, I c , is given by

Ic = (3.47 − log Q )2 + (1.22 + log F )2

Ic = (3.47 − log 42.19)2 + (1.22 + log 0.903)2
= 2.19

Where,

F = f (q c − σ v ) × 100
F = [29.7 / (3369 − 81)] × 100 = 0.903 and

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 11/Page 24

 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Table 11.2: Liquefaction Analysis: Water Level 2.35 m below GL (Units: kN and Meters)

qc fs
Depth σv σv ' rd (kPa) (kPa) CSReq CSRL F Q Ic Kc (qc1N)cs CRR FSliq
0.50 9.00 9.00 1.00 14431 65.20 0.23 0.23 0.45 241.91 1.40 1.00 242.06 100.00 434.78

1.00 18.00 18.00 1.00 9549 60.20 0.23 0.23 0.63 159.87 1.63 1.00 160.17 100.00 434.78

1.50 27.00 27.00 1.00 3928 28.10 0.23 0.23 0.72 65.43 1.97 1.27 83.53 0.13 0.57

2.00 36.00 36.00 1.00 2062 21.90 0.23 0.23 1.08 33.54 2.31 1.99 68.04 0.11 0.47

2.50 45.00 43.53 1.00 15093 102.70 0.24 0.24 0.68 226.55 1.53 1.00 227.23 100.00 416.67

3.00 54.00 47.63 1.00 5550 59.50 0.26 0.26 1.08 79.10 2.01 1.31 105.02 0.19 0.73

3.50 63.00 51.73 1.00 1074 35.90 0.28 0.28 3.55 13.96 2.92 5.92 87.81 0.14 0.50

4.00 72.00 55.83 1.00 911 14.40 0.30 0.30 1.72 11.15 2.83 5.01 60.64 0.10 0.33

4.50 81.00 59.93 1.00 3369 29.70 0.32 0.32 0.90 42.19 2.19 1.64 70.77 0.11 0.34

5.00 90.00 64.03 1.00 7069 35.70 0.33 0.33 0.51 86.63 1.79 1.10 96.60 0.16 0.48

5.50 99.00 68.13 1.00 4970 23.50 0.34 0.34 0.48 58.62 1.93 1.22 72.68 0.12 0.35

6.00 108.00 72.23 1.00 5143 23.30 0.35 0.35 0.46 58.85 1.92 1.21 72.45 0.12 0.34

6.50 117.00 76.33 1.00 6494 29.10 0.36 0.36 0.46 72.50 1.83 1.13 83.61 0.13 0.36

7.00 126.00 80.43 0.99 5724 18.10 0.36 0.36 0.32 62.00 1.83 1.13 71.56 0.11 0.31

7.50 135.00 84.53 0.99 4546 13.20 0.37 0.37 0.30 47.66 1.92 1.21 59.46 0.10 0.27

8.00 144.00 88.63 0.99 3939 13.50 0.38 0.38 0.36 40.04 2.02 1.33 55.18 0.10 0.26

8.50 153.00 92.73 0.99 3668 9.90 0.38 0.38 0.28 36.26 2.02 1.33 50.45 0.09 0.24

9.00 162.00 96.83 0.99 4530 12.90 0.39 0.39 0.30 44.09 1.95 1.24 56.79 0.10 0.26

9.50 171.00 100.93 0.75 5105 18.50 0.30 0.30 0.37 48.78 1.95 1.24 62.62 0.10 0.33

10.00 180.00 105.03 0.73 4639 19.30 0.29 0.29 0.43 43.22 2.02 1.33 59.94 0.10 0.34

10.50 189.00 109.13 0.72 5805 24.80 0.29 0.29 0.44 53.40 1.95 1.23 68.16 0.11 0.38

11.00 198.00 113.23 0.71 4894 15.90 0.29 0.29 0.34 43.84 1.98 1.27 58.01 0.10 0.34

11.50 207.00 117.33 0.69 6375 21.80 0.29 0.29 0.35 56.56 1.88 1.17 68.51 0.11 0.38

12.00 216.00 121.43 0.68 5393 19.30 0.28 0.28 0.37 46.67 1.97 1.26 61.23 0.10 0.36

12.50 225.00 125.53 0.67 5360 23.10 0.28 0.28 0.45 45.53 2.01 1.31 62.48 0.10 0.36

13.00 234.00 129.63 0.65 6239 27.50 0.28 0.28 0.46 52.39 1.96 1.25 68.09 0.11 0.39

13.50 243.00 133.73 0.64 5458 20.80 0.27 0.27 0.40 44.79 2.00 1.29 60.67 0.10 0.37

14.00 252.00 137.83 0.63 5208 17.30 0.27 0.27 0.35 41.93 2.00 1.30 57.21 0.10 0.37

14.50 261.00 141.93 0.61 4660 16.10 0.26 0.26 0.37 36.68 2.06 1.39 53.90 0.09 0.35

15.00 270.00 146.03 0.60 4677 15.50 0.26 0.26 0.35 36.23 2.06 1.38 53.24 0.09 0.35

15.50 279.00 150.13 0.59 4758 18.40 0.25 0.25 0.41 36.31 2.08 1.43 55.02 0.10 0.40

16.00 288.00 154.23 0.57 4199 13.00 0.25 0.25 0.33 31.28 2.11 1.47 49.44 0.09 0.36

16.50 297.00 158.33 0.56 4894 32.90 0.25 0.25 0.72 36.29 2.19 1.65 63.63 0.10 0.40

17.00 306.00 162.43 0.55 5669 18.40 0.24 0.24 0.34 41.80 2.00 1.30 57.28 0.10 0.42

17.50 315.00 166.53 0.53 11290 39.20 0.24 0.24 0.36 84.48 1.73 1.06 91.71 0.15 0.63

18.00 324.00 170.63 0.52 10449 34.60 0.23 0.23 0.34 76.99 1.75 1.07 85.35 0.14 0.61

18.50 333.00 174.73 0.51 7775 25.60 0.23 0.23 0.34 55.92 1.88 1.17 68.46 0.11 0.48

19.00 342.00 178.83 0.49 9158 28.20 0.22 0.22 0.32 65.48 1.81 1.11 75.57 0.12 0.55

19.50 351.00 182.93 0.48 7416 21.70 0.22 0.22 0.31 51.89 1.89 1.18 64.35 0.10 0.45

20.00 360.00 187.03 0.47 11502 37.50 0.21 0.21 0.34 80.93 1.73 1.06 88.47 0.14 0.67

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 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Factor of Safety
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
0

8
Depth (m)

10

13

15

18

20

Figure 11.1: Factor of Safety against Liquefaction

IITK-GSDMA-EQ21-V2.0 Example 11/Page 26