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Lecture 2 (Three Phase Power Factor Correction and Unbalanced Polyphase Systems) (2018)

Here are the solutions to Problem Set 1: 1. Ib = 6 A, Ic = -6 A, PF = 0.866 lagging 2. Ib = 20 A 3. Ia = 6 A, Ib = -6 A, Ic = 0 A 4. Ia = 3.5 A, Total power = 1250 VA 5. (a) S = 630 kVA, (b) Each capacitor = 57.9 kVAR, (c) I = 720 A

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Joshua Roberto Gruta
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284 views

Lecture 2 (Three Phase Power Factor Correction and Unbalanced Polyphase Systems) (2018)

Here are the solutions to Problem Set 1: 1. Ib = 6 A, Ic = -6 A, PF = 0.866 lagging 2. Ib = 20 A 3. Ia = 6 A, Ib = -6 A, Ic = 0 A 4. Ia = 3.5 A, Total power = 1250 VA 5. (a) S = 630 kVA, (b) Each capacitor = 57.9 kVAR, (c) I = 720 A

Uploaded by

Joshua Roberto Gruta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

PART II. Power Factor Correction


and Unbalanced Three Phase
Systems
Professor
Michael C. Pacis, Ph.D.
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
THREE POWER FACTOR
CORRECTION
Thus, in a three phase power factor correction,

For a Y connected capacitor bank,

QcY = Vcap2 / Xc

Where: Vcap = the line to line value of the voltage


Xc = capacitive reactance per phase (Y)
QcY = total reactive power of the Y connected capacitors
THREE POWER FACTOR
CORRECTION
For a delta connected capacitor bank,

Qcdelta = 3 Vcap2 / Xc

Where: Vcap = the line to line value of the voltage


Xc = capacitive reactance per phase (delta)
QcY = total reactive power of the delta connected
capacitors
Sample Problems
1. Two balanced loads are connected to a 240-kV rms 60-Hz
line. Load 1 draws 30 kW at a power factor of 0.6 lagging, while
load 2 draws 45 kVAR at a power factor of 0.8 lagging. Assuming
the abc sequence, determine the KVAR rating of the three
capacitors delta connected in parallel with the load that will raise
the power factor to 0.9 lagging and the capacitance of each
capacitor.

2. It is desired to improve the power factor of a 230V, 60 Hz, 3


phase system from 0.7 to 0.92 lagging. A wye connected
capacitor bank with capacitance of 10 microfarad per phase is
to be used. What will be the rating of the load in watts?
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
UNBALANCED POLYPHASE SYSTEMS
An unbalanced system is caused by two possible
situations:
I. The source voltages are not equal in magnitude
and/or differ in phase by angles that are unequal
II. Load impedances are unequal.
III. Both sources and load are unbalanced
IV. Due to a presence of a fault
UNBALANCED POLYPHASE SYSTEMS

To simplify analysis, we will assume balanced source voltages,


but an unbalanced load.

Unbalanced three-phase systems are solved by direct


application of mesh and nodal analysis.
UNBALANCED POLYPHASE SYSTEMS
Consider,

Figure 1. Unbalanced 3 phase Y connected load


UNBALANCED POLYPHASE SYSTEMS
Since the load is unbalanced, ZA, ZB, and ZC are not equal. The
line currents are determined by Ohm’s law as

This set of unbalanced line currents produces current in the neutral


line, which is not zero as in a balanced system. Applying KCL at
node N gives the neutral line current as
UNBALANCED POLYPHASE SYSTEMS
In a three-wire system where the neutral line is
absent, we can still find the line currents Ia, Ib, and
Ic using mesh analysis. At node N, KCL must be
satisfied so that Ia + Ib + Ic = 0 in this case.
POWERS IN 3 PHASE CIRCUITS
(unbalanced)
* unbalanced systems requires that powers at each
phase must be calculated individually.
P = (I θ)2 Rθ
Q = (I θ)2 Xθ
S = (I θ)2 Zθ

Therefore:
Ptotal = Pa + Pb + Pc
Qtotal = Qa + Qb + Qc
Stotal = Sa + Sb + Sc
Sample Problems
3. The unbalanced Y-load of Fig. 1 has balanced voltages of 100 V
and the acb sequence. Calculate the line currents and the neutral
current. Take ZA = 15 , ZB = 10 + j5 , ZC = 6 − j8 .

4. An unbalanced 60 Hz, positive sequence, polyphase system has a


per phase voltage of 120 volts and supplying a complex load Zan =
j5 ohms, Zbn = 10 ohms and Zcn = -j10 ohms. Compute for the line
currents, total complex power absorbed by the load and the
power supplied by the source.
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Prob 3.
SOLUTION

By matrix
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Sample Problems
5. A 208V, 3 phase source supplies a delta connected impedance of
Zab=20cis0, Zbc=14cis-45 and Zca=14cis45, all in ohms. Determine
the line currents and the total complex power.

6. A four wire, three phase, 450V, 60Hz source supplies power to the
ff loads. Three impedances (13cis20) each connected in wye, an
unbalanced delta load consisting of 15cis45 between lines a and b,
3cis30 between lines c and a and 10cis60 between lines b and c. Draw
the power system diagram and calculate the line current in line ‘a’. Let
line ‘a’ voltage as reference.
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Prob 6. SLD
SOLUTION
Three phase, three wire unbalanced
systems with parallel delta or Y loads
First, convert the Y-connected load
to a delta-connected load as shown
in Figure b. Notice, for
example, that both of the delta
connected loads in Figure b have an
impedance connected
between terminals A and B. These
impedances are in parallel and can
be replaced by a single
equivalent impedance. Replace the
parallel delta connected loads by a
single equivalent delta connected
load as shown in Figure c. Finally,
convert the delta connected load to
a Y-connected load as shown in
Figure d.
Problem Set 1
1. From no.6, Calculate the current Ib and Ic and the power factor at
the source side.
2. A delta connected load with impedances Zab=10, Zbc=10cis20 and
Zca=15cis30 is connected across 220V source. Suddenly, due to a
fault, line c is opened. Find the current at line b.
3. Using example no.4, convert the wye connected load to delta and
compute for the line currents.
4. A 100V source supplies a delta connected load of Zab=4cis0,
Zbc=2cis-30 and Zca=5cis60. A single phase load is then added at
phases a and b with a value of 5 ohms. Compute for the line
current at ‘a’ and the total power of the system.
Problem Set 1
5. Two balanced loads are supplied by an 840-V rms 60-Hz line. Load 1
is Y-connected with 30+j40 per phase, while load 2 is a balanced
three-phase motor drawing 57.9 hp with 90% efficiency at a power
factor of 0.8 lagging. Assuming the abc sequence, calculate: (a) the
complex power absorbed by the combined load, (b) the kVAR rating
of each of the three capacitors delta-connected in parallel with the
load to raise the power factor to unity, and (c) the current drawn from
the supply at unity power factor condition.

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