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MACHINE DOWEL PINS - ASME

PINS 818.8.5M
HARDENED GROUND [METRIC SERIES] 1994

IFI NOTES:

1. ASME B18.8.5M;s a standard developed through the procedures of

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. B1B.8.5M is under
the jurisdiction of ASME Standards Committee B18 and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee 8.

2. Published for the first time in 1994, this presentation does not include
the government part numbering system which is in Appendix B of the
ASME standard. A discussion of the relationship to ISO 8734: Paral-
let Pins of Hardened Steel and Marlensitic Steel (Dowel Pins) is in-
cluded in Para. 1.6. All paragraphs are numbered identicaf/y to those
in the standard.

3. ASME B18.8.5M-1994 is reprinted with permission of its publisher,

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park A venue,
New York, NY 10016-5990, U.S.A.

1. INTRODUCTORY NOTES 1.3 Dimensions

1.1 Scope All dimensions in this standard are in rnil-

limeters unless otherwise noted and apply be-
1.1.1 This standard covers the dimensional fore plating or coating.
and general data for hardened ground dowel
pins in sizes 1.5 - 25 mm in two series recoo- 1.4 Options
nized as American National Standard, which are
widely used in general industrial applications. Options, where specified, shall be at the
discretion of the supplier, unless otherwise
1.1.2 The inclusion of dimensional data in this agreed upon by the supplier and purchaser.
standard is not intended to imply that all prod-
ucts described are stock production sizes. Con- 1.5 Terminology
sumers are requested to consult with suppliers
concerning the availability of the product. For definitions of terms relating to fas-
teners or component features thereof used in
1.2 Description this standard, refer to ASME 818.12, Glossary
of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners. See page
Hardened ground dowel pins are straight K-37.
pins designed to be force-fitled into a part to
provide alignment or location in the assembly. 1.6 Comparison with ISO 8734
The hardness and closely controlled diameter
provide controlled fit and wear resistance for pin The standard series outside diameter
applications. One end of the pin is chamfered dimensions are within the dimensional limits of
to assist in insertion while the opposite end has ISO 8734, but the ISO 8734 pins may exceed
a crown profile to minimize edge damage dur- the maximum standard pin diameter for 4 mm
ing insertion. and larger sizes. ISO 8734 has only one series,

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ASME
d
MACHINE DOWEL PINS -
B18.8.SM PINS
1994 HARDENED GROUND [METRIC SERIES]

but this standard includes on Oversize series. 2.1.2 Roundness. The outer periphery of
The standard length increments in this standard hardened ground machine dowel pins shall con-
are fewer than those in ISO 8734. On pin form to true round about the longitudinal axis of
lengths less than 35 mm only, the even lengths the pin within 0.0025 mm when measured with
match the ISO lengths. For lengths over 50 mm equipment that will detect a lobed surface.
the standard increment in length is 10 mm,
whereas ISO 8734 has 5 mm as a standard in- 2.2 Ends
crement. The pin length tolerance is unilateral,
at -0.5 mm, but ISO 8734 has bilateral toler- 2.2.1 End Contours. The ends of hardened
ances. Thus, pins of lengths 10 mm and shorter ground machine dowel pins shall be reasonably
may be shorter than the minimums in ISO 8734, flat and perpendicular to the axis of the pin. One
but all longer pins will meet the ISO require- end of the pin shall be pointed and the other
ments. The standard surface roughness re- end crowned to the dimensions specified in
quirernents are finer than the ISO 8734 require- Table 2. On the pointed end, the edge formed
ments. ISO 8734 has a spherical radius on the by the surface of point and the end of the pin
entrance end of through hardened pins while may be slightly rounded or broken.
this standard has only one configuration. The
standard pin minimum core hardness is 2 HRC 2.2.2 Point Concentricity. For pins having
less than the ISO 8734. nominal lengths equal to four times the basic
pin diameter and longer, the concentricity be-
tween the diameter of point and the pin diam-
2. GENERAL DATA FOR DOWEL PINS eter shall be such that the minimum length of
point on the pin IS not Jess than 0.3 mm (see
2.1 Diameter Fig. 1).

2.1.1 Size. Hardened ground dowel pins are 2.3 Length

described in two series, the Standard series hav-
ing minimum diameters 0.003 to 0.008 mm over 2.3.1 Measurement. The length of hardened
the nominal diameter, intended for initial instal- ground machine dowel pins shall be measured
lation; and the Oversize series having minimum overall from end-to-end, parallel to the pin axis.
diameters 0.025 to 0.030 mm over the nominal
2.3.2 Tolerance on Length. The tolerance
diameter, intended for replacement use. For
on the length of hardened ground machine
both series the diameter shall be ground, or
dowel pins shall be +0.0-0.5 mm for all sizes
ground and lapped, to the outside diameter di-
and lengths.
mensions specified in Table 1.
2.3.3 Preferred Lengths. The preferred sizes
and lengths in which hardened ground machine
dowel pins are normally available are depicted
in Table 2. Other sizes and lengths are pro-
duced as required by the purchaser.
I
2.3.4 Effective Length. The effective length,
Lo.3min L", (that portion of the pin length bounded by
the length of point on one end and the radius of
Fig. 1 Point Concentricity crown on the other) on short dowel pins shall

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MACHINE DOWEL PINS - ASME

PINS 818.8.5M
HARDENED GROUND [METRIC SERIES] 1994

li~ t'~NOle(1)J
10 - 16 deg C

rB -+-t--- A
L""'---------.J-"-c----f
R
[Notes (2) and (3)]

Table 1 Dimensions of Hardened Ground Machine Dowel Pins

Pin Diameter - A B C R l'
Nominal
Pin Standard Series Oversize Series Point Diameter Crown Radius Nom
Size
Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Min

1.5 1.508 1.503 1.530 1.525 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.2 3.5
2.0 2.008 2.003 2030 2.025 1.9 1.7 0.6 0.2 3.5
2.5 2.508 2.503 2.530 2.525 2.4 22 0.7 0.3 40
3.0 3.008 3.003 3.030 3.025 2.9 2.6 0.8 0.3 4.0

4.0 4.009 4.004 3.031 4.026 3.9 3.6 0.9 0.4 45

5.0 4.009 5.004 5.031 5.026 49 4.6 1.0 0.4 4.5
6.0 6.010 6.004 6.032 6026 5.B 5.4 1.1 0.4 5.0
8.0 8.012 8.006 8.034 8028 7,8 7.4 1.3 0.5 5.5

10.0 10.012 10.006 10.034 10.028 9.8 9.4 1.4 0.6 60

12.0 12.013 12.007 12,035 12.029 11.8 11.4 16 0.6 60
16.0 16.013 16.007 16.035 16.029 15.8 15.3 1.8 0.8 7,0
20.0 20.014 20.008 20.036 20.030 19.8 19.3 2.0 0.8 7.0
25.0 25.014 25.008 25.036 25.030 24.8 24.3 '2.3 1.0 7.5

NOTES:
1. See Para. 2.3.4.
2. See Para. 2.3.5.
3. Reference ANSI Y14.5M Dimensioning & Tolerancing:
Characteristic ~
Straightness
Diameter "

not be less than 75% of the overall length of the mulative total of 0.013 mm per 25 mm of length
pin. For the pin lengths aHected, it may be nec- for nominal lengths, up to and inclUding 100 mm,
essary to deviate from the specified dimensions and within 0.05 mm total for all nominal lengths
by reducing the crown radius and height. or in- over 100 mm.
creasing the point angle, or both. The minimum
nominal length listed in Table 1 is the shortest 2.4 Surface Roughness
standard length to accommodate the minimum
eHective requirement with standard end configu- The surface roughness on hardened
rations. ~ ground machine dowel pins shall not exceed
0.2 IJm arithmetical average on the effective
2.3.5 Straightness. Machine dowel pins shall length nor 3.2 IJm arithmetical average on all
be straight over the effective length within a cu- other surfaces. Refer to ANSI/ASME B46.1.

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ASME MACHINE DOWEL PINS -
B18.8.5M PINS
1994 HARDENED GROUND [METRIC SERIES]

Table 2 Preferred Sizes and Lengths of Hardened Ground Machine Dowel Pins
Nominal Nominal Sb:e
Length 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 B 10 12 16 20 25
6 x x x
8 x x x x
10 x x x x x

12 x x x X X x
16 x x x x x x x
20 x x x x x x x x
25 x x x )( x X x x
30 x x x x x x x x
35 x x x x x X x
40 x x x X X X X x
45 x x x x x x x
50 x x x x x x x x
60 x x x x x x x
70 x x x x x x
80 x x x x x x
90 x x x x x x
100 x x x X x
110 x x x x
120 x x x x
130 x x x
140 x x x
150 x x x

Surface Texture. For pins having additive fin- perature and tempering to meet the following
ishes, these limits shall apply prior to coating or conditions:
plating.
2.5.2.1 Case Hardened Pins. Pins shall be
2.5 Materials case hardened to a minimum case depth of 0.25

I
mm for nominal pin sizes 4 mm or smaller and
2.5.1 Steel. Hardened ground machine dowel 0.38 mm for nominal pins larger than 4 mm. The
pins shall be made from any carbon or alloy steel case shall have a minimum surface hardness
capable of being heat treated to a core hardness of 90HR15N (60 HRC) or equivalent, and the
of 50 HRC minimum and having sulphur and core hardness shall be 50-58 HRC. The micro-
phosphorus content not in excess of 0.05 and structure shall be tempered martensite.
0.04%, respectively.
2.5,2.2 Through Hardened Pins. Pins smaller
2.5.2 Heat Treatment. Pins shall be hardened than 3 mm nominal size may be tempered
by quenching in oil from the austenitizing tern- martensite through hardened to a hardness of

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MACHINE DOWEL PINS - ASME

PINS 818.8.5M
HARDENED GROUND [METRIC SERIES] 1994

50-58 HRC as an option to Para. 2.5.2.1. How- (b) nominal pin diameter followed by "x":
ever, in no instance shall the hardness of the (e) length;
pin surface be softer than that of the core. The (d) product name, including "Standard" or
microstructure shall be tempered martensite. "Oversize" as needed;
(e) protective finish, if required
2.6 Finishes
Examples:
Unless otherwise specified, machine
dowel pins shall be furnished with a ground (as B18.8.5M-1.5 x 12, Oversize Dowel Pin.
processed) finish or with black oxide coating as
an option. Other protective or decorative fin- B18.8.5M - 16 x 45, Standard Dowel
ishes, where required, shall be subject to agree- Pin, Zinc Plated, ASTM B633 Type II.
ment between the manufacturer and purchaser.
However, where a finish applied to carbon or 3. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS
alloy steel pins is such that it might produce
hydrogen embrittlement, the pins shall be baked Unless otherwise specified by the pur-
for a suitable time at a temperature that will mini- chaser, acceptability of hardened ground ma-
mize such embrittlement. Baking shall be ac- chine dowel pins shall be based on conform-
complished as soon as possible following the ance with the requirements specified in ASMEI
plating or coating operation inasmuch as delay ANSI B 18.18.1 M, Inspection and Quality Assur-
is detrimental to achievement of the desired re- ance for General Purpose Fasteners, page L-5.
sults. Where additive type finishes are used,
the tabulated dimensions and tolerances shall 4. APPLICATION INFORMATION
apply to the pins prior to application of the plat-
ing or coating, unless otherwise specified by the 4.1 Responsibility for Modification's
purchaser.
The manufacturer shall not be held re-
2.7 Workmanship sponsible for malfunctions of pins determined
to be due to plating or other modifications when
Hardened ground machine dowel pins such plating or modification is not accomplished
shall be free from detrimental burrs, cracks, under the manufacturer's control or direction.
seams or nicks, and other defects affecting their
serviceability or properties. 4.2 Installation Warning

2.8 Designation Dowel pins should not be installed by

striking or hammering and when installing with
Hardened ground machine dowel pins
a press, a shield should be used and safety
conforming to this standard shall be designated
glasses worn. Hardened ground machine dowel
by the following data in the sequence shown:
pins shall have sufficient ductility to withstand
(a) specification (ASME/ANSI document) being pressed into the recommended holes with-
number followed by a dash; out cracking or shattering.
~

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ASME
,
MACHINE DOWEL PINS -
B18.8.5M PINS
1994 HARDENED GROUND [METRIC SERIES]

APPENDIX A

APPLICATION INFORMATION

(This Appendix is an integral part of ASME 818.8.5M-1994 and is placed after the main text for convenience.)

A1 Hole Sizes as aluminum or zinc die castings, hole size lim-

its are usually decreased by 0.013 mm to in-
Because of the wide variety of materials crease the press fits. Holes for Oversize series
in which dowel pins are used and the many de- machine dowel pins may best be determined
sign requirements which must be considered, it by the user to suit the particular application.
is not possible to provide hole size recommen-
dations that will be suitable for all applications. A2 Shear Strength
However, the suggested hole sizes in Table A1
have been commonly used for press fitting Stan- For design calculations, the shear
dard series dowel pins into materials such as strength of these Standard pins should be based
mild steels and cast iron. In soft materials, such on the values listed in Table A2.

Table A1 Suggested Hole Sizes

Table A2 Shear Strength - kN
Nominal Hole Diameter
Standard Series Pins Nominal Calculated Single
Pin Pin Shear Load for
Size Max Min Size Steel Material

1.5 1.500 1.487 1.5 1.86

2.0 2.000 1.987 2.0 3.30
2.5 2.500 2.487 2.5 5.15
3.0 3.000 2.987 3.0 7.40

I
4.0 4.000 3.987 4.0 13.2
50 5.000 4.987 5.0 20.6
6.0 6.000 5.987 6.0 29.7
8.0 8.000 7.987 8.0 52.5
100 10.000 9.987 10.0 82.5
12.0 12.000 11.985 12.0 119
16.0 16.000 15.985 16.0 211
20.0 20.000 19.983 20.0 330
25.0 25.000 24.983 25.0 515

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