DISASTER READINESS

AND RISK REDUCTION

Modified Strategic Intervention Materials

Quarter 1 Week 1
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
Modified Strategic Intervention Materials
Senior High School – Quarter 1: Week 1: Disaster and Disaster Risk

Development Team
Author: Emmanuel Jay D. Dimal, MSN, RN
Cover Art Illustrator: Erich D. Garcia
Reviewer: Paz I. Calas
Editor: Paz I. Canlas
Layout: Leiann G. Celis

Management Team
Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESOV, Schools Division Superintendent
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, Chief CID
Paz I. Canlas, Education Program Supervisor in Science

Department of Education – Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes,

San Fernando City, Pampanga

Landline Number: (045) 435-27-28

Email Address: pampanga@deped.gov

 Title Card

Lesson 1: Revenge of Ditas and Ter

Disaster and Disaster Risk

Guide Card

Introduction

Every year, millions of people around the world are affected by either human-caused or natural
disasters. Disasters take different forms, like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes,
tornados or fires. Disaster can cause a full range of mental and physical reactions. Those affected may
also react to problems that occur after the event, as well as to triggers or reminders of the trauma.

DISASTER is defined as a sudden calamitous event. Bringing great damage, loss, destruction
and devastation to life and property. (Asian Disaster Preparedness Center- ADPC, 2012). Its origin can
be natural, such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes or of human origin such as explosions, nuclear
accidents and terrorist acts.

The United Nations (UN) defines disaster as a serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society. Adelman (2011) added that a disaster causes widespread human, material, and
economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected people to cope using its own
resources

(VULNERABILITY+ HAZARD ) / CAPACITY = DISASTER

DISASTER RISK is defined as the probability that the community structure or geographic area
is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of its nature, construction
and proximity to the hazardous area. (ADPC, 2012)

Learning Competency
Explain the meaning of disaster

Learning Objectives
a. Identify the meaning of disaster and disaster risk
b. Understand the nature of disaster
c. Understand the different examples of natural and human-made disaster

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 Activity Card

Activity Card 1
This time you will identify the given example below whether as a natural disaster or a human-
made disaster. Write ND if natural disaster and HD if human-made disaster.

Earthquakes

Typhoons

Chemical spills

Collapsed building

Sinkhole

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Discussion of the Activity

Natural disasters:

When disasters occur due to natural forces they are called natural
disasters, over which man has hardly any control. Some common natural
disasters are earthquakes, landslides, floods, droughts, cyclones, etc. Tsunamis,
volcanic eruptions and wildfires are also included under natural disasters. These
disasters cause enormous loss to life and property.

Human-made disasters:
When the disasters are due to carelessness of humans or mishandling of dangerous equipment’s
they are called man-made disasters. Common examples of these disasters are train accidents, aero plane
crashes, collapse of buildings, bridges, mines, tunnels, etc.

Activity Card 2
The Philippines is an archipelago that is prone to
natural and human-made disaster.

In this activity, you will identify the common natural disasters and human-
made disasters in the Philippines.

NATURAL DISASTER HUMAN-MAN DISASTER

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

Additional Information

Natural types of disaster

● Agricultural diseases and pest
● Storm surge
● Drought and water shortage
● Earthquakes
● Hurricanes and tropical storm

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 ● Landslide and debris flow
● Thunderstorm and lightning
● Tornadoes
● Tsunamis
● Sinkholes
● Emergency disease (pandemic influenza/ H1N1, Spanish flu, COVID 19)
● Extreme heat
● Floods and flash floods
● La Nina

Human-Made and Technological types of Disaster

● Hazardous material
● Power services disruption and blackout
● Nuclear power plant and nuclear blast
● Radiological emergencies
● Chemical threat and biological weapons
● Cyber attacks
● Explosion
● Civil unrest/ war
● Foreseeable crisis

Enrichment Card

Disaster can take many different forms and the

duration can range to days or weeks of on-going
destruction.

At your home, identify the situation that can cause human-made disaster.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4
 Reflection Card
Let’s reflect on the importance of
knowing disaster and different types
of disaster.

Write your answer here.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________

Assessment Card

Let us assess your understanding in the lesson.

Multiple Choice. Write your answer before the number.
1. It is the sudden calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life
and property.
a. Risk b. Disaster c. Exposure d. Vulnerability
2. It is the probability that the community structure or geographic area is to be damaged or
disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of its nature, construction and
proximity to the hazardous area.
a. Disaster risk b. disaster c. human-made d. natural
3. When disasters occur due to natural forces they are called ___________.
a. Disaster risk b. disaster c. Human-made d. natural
4. When the disasters are due to carelessness of human or mishandling of dangerous equipment
they are called_____________.

a. Disaster risk b. disaster c. Human-made d. natural

For no 5-15

b. Natural Disaster
c. Human-made disaster

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5. Drought and water shortage
6. Earthquakes
7. Cyber attacks
8. Explosion
9. Civil unrest/ war
10. Covid 19
11. Extreme heat
12. Floods and flash floods
13. Chemical spill
14. Tornadoes
15. landslide

Reference Card
Adelman, D., Gray, W. (2007). The Nature of Disaster
Quebral, V. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Senior High School
https://www.preventionweb.net/files/8823_865DDFILEHazardsReportFinal2.pdf
https://www.wcpt.org/disaster-management/what-is-disaster-management

Answer Card
5. ND 4. HD 3. HD 2. ND 1. ND
Acitvity 1
ACTIVITY CARD

Some answers may not be listed. Note.

5. foreseeable crisis 5. el nino, drought and water shortage
4.cyber attack 4. extreme heat
3. explosion 3. earth-quake
2. civil unrest/war 2. landslide
1. chemical spill 1. typhoon
HUMAN-MAN DISASTER NATURAL DISASTER

Acitvity 2
ACTIVITY CARD

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 7
ASSESSMENT CARD
1. b 6. a 11. a
2. a 7. b 12. a
3. d 8. b 13. b
4. c 9. b 14. a
5. a 10. b 15. a
ENRICHMENT CARD
There is no definite answer for this activity.
Examples are: open electrical wiring, electrical tapping, multiple junction of outlet, uses of different
chemicals, early pregnancy, dumpsite burning etc.
 Title Card
Lesson 2 : Mr. Risky
Disaster and Disaster Risk

Guide Card
Introduction
Risk Factors Underlying Disaster
A number of factors make it more likely that those affected will have a more severe or longer-
lasting stress reaction after disaster. The following are risks factors;

Climate Change
Climate change can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by altering the frequency and
intensity of hazard events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.

Environmental Degradation
It is both a driver and consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the environment to meet
social and ecological needs.

Globalized Economic Development

It resulted in increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale.

Poverty and Inequality

Poverty is both a driver and consequence of disasters, and the processes that further disaster risk
related poverty are permeated with inequality.

Poorly-planned and Managed Urban Development

A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new
opportunities for resilient investment emerge.

Weak Governance
Weak governance zones are investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or
unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and
public services.

Learning Competency
Differentiate the risk factors underlying disaster
Learning Objectives
a. Identify the risk factors underlying disaster
b. Understand the level of disaster risk (high, moderate and low)

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Pre-Test
Let’s review of what we discussed from the
previous lesson.

From the given examples below, identify which type of disaster they pertain to. Write Natural
Disaster or Human-made Disaster.

________________________1. Typhoon Yolanda

________________________2. War from Marawi City
________________________3. Bohol earthquake
________________________4. Oil spill in Palawan
________________________5. Unexpected Pregnancy

Activity Card

Activity 1

This time you will identify what risk factors underlying disaster is described in the
following scenarios in the table below.
Scenario Underlying Risk Factors
1. Poor implementation of environmental laws
2. Global warming
3. Unplanned residential and economic
establishment
4. Illegal logging causing landslide
5. Illegal settlers in greater Manila
6. Philippines as developing country
7. Converting ricefield into residential area.
8. Factories without waste management.
9. Acid Rain
10. Excess carbon emission

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Discussion of the Activity
Underlying disaster risk drivers — also referred to as underlying disaster
risk factors — include poverty and inequality, climate change and variability,
unplanned and rapid urbanization and the lack of disaster risk considerations in
land management and environmental and natural resource management, as well
as compounding factors such as demographic change, non-disaster risk-informed
policies, the lack of regulations and incentives for private disaster risk reduction
investment, complex supply chains, the limited availability of technology,
unsustainable uses of natural resources, declining ecosystems, pandemics and epidemics.

Activity Card 2
The amount of exposure to the disaster is highly
related to risk of future problems.

In this activity, you will classify the risk of disaster of the following scenarios as High,
Moderate and Lower Risk.

Scenario Risk of Disaster

1. Family living adjacent to ocean shore

of Navotas City.
2. Fire fighter rescuing stranded person

3. Personnel of the barangay

4. A high rise building situated in active

west valley fault line.
5. Communities near in mining area.

Discussion of the Activity

There are levels of disaster risk. At highest risk are those that go through
the disaster themselves. Next are those in close contact with the victims. At
lower risk of lasting impact are those who only had indirect exposure, such as
news of the severe damage injury and life threat are the factors that lead most
often to mental health problems. Studies have looked at severe natural disasters
such as the 1990 earthquake in Baguio, Mt Pinatubo eruption in 1991, mudslide
in Ormoc city and the 2013 devastating super typhoon Yolanda in Tacloban. The
findings show that at least half of the survivors suffer from distress or mental health problems that need
clinical care.

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 Enrichment Card

Disaster can happen anywhere, anytime, in

our home, school or communities.

At your home, school and community, identify the simple situation that can contribute to the risk
of disaster.
Home School Communities
1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.

Additional Information
Gender and Family
Most of the time, women or girls suffer more negative effects than men
or boys do. Disaster recovery is delayed when children are present at home.
Women with spouses also experience more distress during recovery. Having a
family member in the house that is extremely distressed means more stress for
everyone. Marital stress has been found to increase after disaster. Also, conflict
between family members or lack of support in the home makes it harder to
recover from disaster.

Age
Adults who are in the age range of 40-60 are likely to be more distressed after disaster. The
thinking is that if one is in that age range, he/she has more demands from job and family. Research on
how children react to natural disasters is still limited at this point in time.

Other factors specific to the survivor

Several factors related to a survivor background and resources are important for recovery from
disaster. Recovery worsens if survivors:
● We’re not functioning well before the disaster
● Have no experience dealing with disaster
● Must deal with other stressors after the disaster
● Have poor self-esteem
● Think they are uncared for by others
● Think they have little control over what happens to them
● Lack the capacity to manage stress

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Other factors has also been found to predict worse outcomes.
● Bereavement (death of someone close)
● Injury to self or other family members
● life threat
● panic, horror or feeling like that during disaster
● being separated from family (especially among youth)
● great loss of property
● displacement (being forced to leave home)

Low or negative social support

The support of others can be both a risk and a resilience factor. Social support can weaken after
disaster. This may be due to stress and the need for members of the support network to get on with their
own lives.

Reflection Card

Let’s reflect on the importance of

knowing the underlying risk of
disaster.

Write your answer here.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________

Assessment Card

Let us assess your understanding in the lesson.

Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer by writing the letter of your choice.
1. It can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by altering the frequency and intensity of
hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns is
called____________.
a. Climate change c. Poverty and Inequality
b. Environmental degradation d. Weak governance

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2. It is both a driver and consequence of disasters, and the processes that further disaster risk related
to poverty are permeated with inequality.
a. Climate change c. Poverty and Inequality
b. Environmental degradation d. Weak governance

3. It is both a driver and consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the environment to meet
social and ecological needs is called___________.
a. Climate change c. Poverty and Inequality
b. Environmental degradation d. Weak governance

4. These are investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to
assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public
services is called___________.
a. Climate change c. Poverty and Inequality
b. Globalized Economic Development d. Weak governance

5. It resulted in increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale
called______________.
a. Climate change c. Poverty and Inequality
b. Globalized Economic Development d. Weak governance

For no 6-15. Level of Disaster Risk

a. High
b. Moderate
c. Low

6. Living in dilapidated building

7. Health care workers
8. Community near the ocean
9. Living under the bridge
10. Carmen Village near war zone
11. Barangay Mapayapa living in coastal area
12. Illegal settlers living in the creek
13. Community living near mining area
14. TV reports during typhoon
15. Community situated in active fault line

Reference Card

Quebral, V. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Senior High School
https://riskreductionandmanagement.wordpress.com/2017/10/08/lesson-6-risk-factors-underlying-disasters/

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 14
ENRICHMENT CARD
1. A 6. A 11. A
2. C 7. B 12. A
3. B 8. A 13. A
4. D 9. A 14. B
5. B 10. A 15. A
ENRICHMENT CARD
There is no specific answer with this activity.
ACTIVITY CARD ACTIVITY CARD
Activity 2 Activity 1
1. High 1. Weak governance
2. Moderate 2. Climate change
3. Poor planned and manage
3. Low
urban development
4. High 4. Environmental degradation
5. High 5. Poverty and inequality
6. Globalized Economic
Development
7. Poor planned and manage
urban development
8. Environmental degradation
9. Climate change
10. Climate change
PRE-TEST
1. Natural disaster
2. Human-made disaster
3. Natural disaster
4. Human-made disaster
5. Human-made disaster
Answer Card
 Title Card
Lesson 3 : BULLs EYE
Disaster and Disaster Risk

Guide Card
Introduction
Every year, millions of people are affected by both human-made and natural disasters. Disasters
may be explosions, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tornados, or fires. In a disaster, you face the danger
of death or physical injury. You may also lose your home, possessions, and community. Such stressors
place you at risk for emotional and physical health problems.

Stress reactions after a disaster look very much like the common reactions seen after any type of
trauma. Disasters can cause a full range of mental and physical reactions. You may also react to
problems that occur after the event, as well as to triggers or reminders of the trauma.

Learning Competency
Describe the effect of disaster on one’s life

Learning Objectives
a. Understand the effect of disaster on one’s life
b. Identify the effect of disaster (primary, secondary and tertiary)

Pre-Test
Let’s review of what we discussed from the
previous lesson.

From the given examples below, identify which level of disaster risk they are classified:
a. High
b. Moderate
c. Low

________________________1. Tacloban city near ocean

________________________2. Community living in landslide area

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________________________3. Nurses working in area with outbreak of cholera
________________________4. Family living under the wood bridge
________________________5. Mental Health Problems

Activity Card

Activity 1

This time you will identify the Effects of Natural Disaster on Human Life of the following
scenarios in the table below. Identify whether they are displaced population, Health risk, Food scarcity,
or emotional aftershocks.

Scenario Underlying Risk Factors

1. Covid-19 Pandemic
2. Refugee of Marawi City Siege
3. Decrease supply of vegetable due to typhoon
4. Typhoon Yolanda victims
5. Drought
6. High cases of dengue
7. Illegal settlers of manila living in a creek.
8. Rape
9. Importing of rice
10. Mt Taal Eruption

Discussion of the Activity

Effects of Disaster on Human Life
The following are the common effects of disaster identified by some
studies on disaster risk and management;

Displaced Populations
One of the most immediate effects of natural disaster is population
displacement. When countries are ravaged by earthquake or other powerful
forces of nature like floods and super typhoons, many people have to abandon
their homes and seek shelter in other regions.

Health Risks
Aside from the obvious immediate danger that natural disaster is present, the secondary effect
can be just as damaging. Severe flooding can result in stagnant water that allows breeding of waterborne
bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Dengue fever is another serious health problem caused by
mosquitoes (aegis egypti).

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Food Scarcity
After natural disasters, food often becomes scarce. Thousands of people around the world go
hungry as a result of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a
storm or gradually in a drought. As a result, food prices rise, reducing families’ purchasing power and
increasing the risk of severe malnutrition.

Emotional Aftershocks
Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children. Confronted with scenes of
destruction and the deaths of friends and loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress
disorders (PTSD), a serious psychological condition resulting from extreme trauma. Left untreated,
children suffering from PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological damage and emotional distress.

Activity Card 2
Factors that place a community at risk for
disaster/s may not be applicable to other
communities.
.

In this activity, you will identify the following effects of disaster as Primary, Secondary and
Tertiary.

Scenario Risk of Disaster

1. Landslide due to typhoon

2. Destruction of communities due to

super typhoon

3. Wildfire due to lightning

4. Fire due to earth earthquake

5. Sinkhole near the rise building

Discussion of the Activity

Primary Effect
– Occurs due to the disaster event itself
– E.g., destroyed crops due to tornado

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Secondary Effect
– Occurs only because a primary effect has caused them
– E.g., fires because of earthquake
Tertiary Effect
– Long-term effects that are set off as a result of a primary event
– E.g., loss of habitat due to flood

Enrichment Card

Natural disaster is any inevitable event

that affects the environment. It results in mass
loss of human lives but also adversely affect the
economy of the region.

At your home, identify the simple situation that can contribute to the effect of a disaster.
HOME
Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Discussion
Our Earth has suffered a great deal from recurring natural disasters that
have repeatedly put a strain on people’s lives. A natural disaster is a sudden event,
an accident or a natural havoc, that causes great extents of damage or multiple
deaths. Over these past years a numerous amount of these disasters has been seen
happening all around the world. Tragedies of towns getting torn apart were
reported as well as the occurrence of many deaths, disabilities and shelter damage.
People have been losing relatives, friends, shelter and property. Even though these
disasters cannot be stopped from occurring, recognizing their danger and their effects is essential.

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 Reflection Card

Let’s reflect on the importance of

knowing the effect of disaster on
one’s life.

Write your answer here.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________

Assessment Card

Let us assess your understanding in the lesson.

I. Choose the best answer from the 3 lettered choices to the numbered items below. Write the
CAPITAL LETTER of your answer.

A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary

___1. Power interruption due to typhoon

___2. Flash flood
___3. Heat-related illness
___4. Crop damage due to El Niño
___5. Destroyed roads
___6. Forced migration
___7. Blocked roads post-typhoon
___8. Collapsed buildings
___9. Food shortage due to earthquake
___10. Crop damage of Mt. Mayon eruption

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II. Identify the effects of the following disasters whether Displaced population, Health risk, Food
scarcity, or emotional aftershocks.
1. High cases of cholera
2. Illegal settlers of manila living in under the bridge
3. Mt Pinatubo Eruption
4. Child experiencing sudden 5.1 magnitude earthquake
5. Importing of rice from Vietnam

Reference Card

Quebral, V. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Senior High School
https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/types/disaster_risk_resilence.asp#:~:text=Disasters%20may
%20be%20explosions%2C%20earthquakes,emotional%20and%20physical%20health%20proble
ms.

Answer Card

10. Emotional after shocks

9. Food scarcity

8. Emotional aftershocks

7. Health risk

6. Health risk

5. Food scarcity

4. Emotional aftershocks

3. Food scarcity
C 5.
2. Displaced Population
A 4.
B 3. 1. Health Risk
A 2.
A 1. Activity 1
PRE-TEST ACTIVITY CARD

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 21
ENRICHMENT CARD
I
1. B 6. B
2. A 7. B
3. A 8. B
4. A 9. B
5. C 10. C
II.
1. Health risk
2. Displaced population
3. Displaced population
4. Emotional after shocks
5. Food scarcity
ENRICHMENT CARD
There is no specific answer with this activity.
ACTIVITY CARD
Activity 2
1. Primary
2. Tertiary
3. Secondary
4. Primary
5. Tertiary
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes,

San Fernando City, Pampanga

Landline: (045) 435-27-28

Email Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph