11 - Design of One-Way Slabs PDF

CE133
Structural Design 1: RCD
Design of One-way Slabs
ENGR. ROGELIO FRETTEN C. DELA CRUZ

Reinforced concrete slabs are
large flat plates that are
supported by reinforced
concrete beams, walls, or
columns, by masonry walls,
by structural steel beams or
columns, or by the ground.
If they are supported on two

opposite sides only, they are
referred to as one-way slabs
because the bending is in
one direction only—that is,
perpendicular to the
supported edges.
Should the slab be supported
by beams on all four edges, it
is referred to as a two-way
slab because the bending is
in both directions.
However, if a rectangular slab

is supported on all four sides,
but the long side is two or
more times longer the short
side, the slab will, for all
practical purposes, act as a
one-way slab, with bending
primarily occurring in the
short direction. Such slabs
are designed as one-way
slabs.
One-way Slabs
Analysis of
One-way Slabs
▪ Assumed to be a
rectangular beam with a
large ratio of width to
depth
▪ The bending occurs to
one direction only
▪ Reinforcing steel is
usually spaced
uniformly over its width
▪ Analyzed by considering
1-m strip
Maximum
▪ The flexural reinforcement shall not be spaced
spacing of farther apart than 3 times the slab thickness,
reinforcement nor 450 mm.
Section 407.7.5 of NSCP
▪ The minimum clear spacing between parallel
bars in a layer should be db but not less than
25 mm.
▪ Where parallel reinforcement is placed in two
or more layers, bars in the upper layer should
Minimum be placed directly above bars in the bottom
layer with clear distance between layers not
spacing of less than 25 mm.
▪ In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced
reinforcement compression members, clear distance
between longitudinal bars shall be not less
Section 5.7.6 of NSCP than 1.5db nor 40 mm.
▪ In walls and slabs other than concrete joist
construction, primary flexural reinforcement
shall be spaced not farther apart than three
times the wall or slab thickness, nor 450 mm.
• Section 407.13 requires the one-way slab,
where flexural reinforcement extends in one
direction only, should be reinforced for:
shrinkage and temperature stresses
perpendicular to flexural reinforcement.
Shrinkage and
temperature
reinforcement,
ρt
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement, ρt
Section 407.13.2.1, the area of shrinkage reinforcement shall provide at least of the following
ratios of gross concrete area bh but not less than 0.0014.
(a) Where Grades 230 & 275 deformed bars are used 0.0020
Where Grade 415 deformed bars or welded wires fabric (plain or

(b) 0.0018
deformed) are used
0.0018 × 415
Where reinforcement with 𝑓𝑦 >415 MPa measured at yield strain
(c) 𝑓𝑦
of 0.35% are used
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall not be spaced farther apart than 5 times the
slab thickness, nor 450 mm (Section 407.13.2.2)
Minimum Thickness of Flexural Members (Sec 409.6.2.1)
Minimum thickness, h
Simply One end Both ends
Cantilever
Members supported continuous continuous
Members not supporting or attached to partitions or other
construction likely to be damaged by large deflections
Solid one-way slabs L/20 L/24 L/28 L/10
Beams or ribbed one-
L/16 L/18.5 L/21 L/8
way slabs
Minimum Thickness of Flexural Members (Sec 409.6.2.1)
* Span L is in mm
Values given shall be used directly for concrete with normal mass density (wc = 2300
kg/m3) and grade 415 reinforcement. For other conditions, the values shall be modified
as follows:
(a) For structural lightweight concrete having mass densities in the range of 1500-2000
kg/m3 the values shall be multiplied by (1.65 – 0.0005wc) but not less than 1.09, where
wc is the unit mass in kg/m3.
(b) For fy other than 415 MPa, the values shall be multiplied by (0.4 + fy/700)
Concrete Protection for Reinforcement
Minimum Cover
For Cast-in-place Concrete (mm)
(Non-prestressed)
(a) Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth 75
(b) Concrete exposed to earth or weather
20 mm through 36 mm bars 50
16 mm bar, W31 or D31 wire, and smaller 40
(c) Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground
Slabs, walls, joists
32 mm bar and smaller 20
Beams, columns
Primary reinforcements, ties, stirrups, spirals 40
Shells, folded place members
20 mm bar and larger 20
Minimum Cover
For Precast Concrete (mm)
(Manufactured Under Plant Conditions)
(a) Concrete exposed to earth or weather
Wall panels
Other members:
(b) Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground
Slabs, walls, joists:
Beams, columns
Primary reinforcements, ties, stirrups, spirals db but not less than 15

& need not exceed 40
Ties 10
Shells, folded plate members
STEPS IN THE DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB
1. Determine the minimum slab thickness, h.

2. Compute the effective depth, d.
1
𝑑 = ℎ − covering usually 20mm − main bar diameter
2
3. Compute the total ultimate uniform load, wu. Consider b = 1000 mm.
4. Compute ultimate applied moment, Mu.
5. Solve for the required ρ.
• If 𝜌 is greater than 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 but less than 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , then use 𝜌.
• If 𝜌 is greater than 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , increase the depth of slab such that 𝜌 becomes
less than 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 to ensure ductile failure.
• If 𝜌 is less than 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 , use 𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
6. Compute the required main bar spacing:
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 𝜌 1000 𝑑
𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑆1 = 1000
𝐴𝑠
Use the smallest of the following for the main bar spacing,
a) 𝑆1
b) 3 × ℎ
c) 450 mm
7. Compute the required temperature bar spacing:
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝜌𝑡 𝑏ℎ
𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑆2 = 1000
𝐴𝑠𝑡
Use the smallest of the following for the temperature bar spacing,
a) 𝑆2
b) 5 × ℎ
c) 450 mm
8. Draw the final design of the slab.

Illustrative Problem:
Design a one-way slab having a simple span of 3m. The slab is to carry
a uniform live load of 7.5 kN/m2 and a uniform dead load, including its
own weight, 3.5 kN/m2. Use f’c = 27.6 MPa and fy = 276 MPa for main
and temperature bars. The slab is not exposed to weather.
Solution:
Consider 1-m strip of the slab. As
b = 1000 mm
Minimum slab thickness:
𝐿 𝑓𝑦
ℎ= 0.4 +
20 700
3000 mm 276
ℎ= 0.4 +
20 700
ℎ = 119.143 mm
Say ℎ = 120 mm
1
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
2
Intend to use 12 mm for main bars and 10 mm for temperature bars.
1
𝑑 = 120 mm − 20 mm − 12 mm
2
𝑑 = 94 mm
Compute wu :
wu = 1.2 wD + 1.6 wL As
Take note that designing a one-way slab is similar in designing a

rectangular beam, with a width, b = 1 m.
wD = 3.5 kN/m 2 (1 m )
wD = 3.5 kN/m
wL = 7.5 kN/m 2 (1 m )
wL = 7.5 kN/m
wu = 1.2(3.5 kN/m ) + 1.6(7.5 kN/m )
wu = 16.2 kN/m
Compute Mu :
1
M u = wu L2
8
M u = (16.2 kN/m )(3 m )
1 2
8
M u = 18.225 kN  m
 fy 
M u = bd f y 1 − 0.59 
 2
 As
 f c 
The effective section is b = 1000 mm and d = 94 mm.
 N  276 
18.225  10 N  mm = (0.90 ) (1000 mm )(94 mm )  276 2 
1 − 0.59  
6 2
 mm  27.6 
18.225  10 6 = 2,194,862,400  − 12,949,688,160  2
Check lower root,  = 0.008756
0.85 f c1 600

 max = 0.75  bal  bal =
f y (600 + f y )
For f c  28 MPa, 1 = 0.85

 0.85(27.6 )(0.85)(600 )  As
 max = 0.75 
 276(600 + 276 ) 
Compute area of main bars, As
 max = 0.037115
As = bd
 min =
1 .4 As = (0.008756 )(1000 mm )(94 mm )
fy
As = 823.064 mm 2
1.4 Spacing between 12-mm-Ø bars, S1
 min =
276 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑆1 = 1000
𝐴𝑠
 min = 0.005072 
(12 mm )2
S1 = 4 2
(1000 mm )
 min   = 0.008756   max 823.064 mm
S1 = 137.41 mm
Use, S1 = 135 mm
The spacing of main reinforcement 12-mm-Ø bars
shall be the smallest of the three values: As
a.) S1 = 135 mm
b.) 3  h = 3 120 mm = 160 mm
c.) 450 mm
Therefore, the spacing for the main reinforcement 12-mm-Ø bars shall be 135 mm.
For 10-mm-Ø temperature bars (grade 275),

Ast = 0.002bh The spacing of temperature 10-mm-Ø bars shall
Ast = 0.002(1000 mm )(120 mm ) be the smallest of the three values:
Ast = 240 mm 2 a.) S 2 = 325 mm

𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 b.) 5  h = 5 120 mm = 600 mm
𝑆2 = 1000 c.) 450 mm
𝐴𝑠𝑡

(10 mm )2 Therefore, the spacing for the temperature
S2 = 4 2
(1000 mm ) 10-mm-Ø bars shall be 325 mm.
240 mm
S 2 = 327.249 mm
Say, 𝑆2 = 325 mm
Final Design of The Slab
12-mm-Ø Main reinforcement bars at 135 mm on center.
10-mm-Ø Temperature bars at 325 mm on center.
d = 94 mm h = 120 mm
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
3000 mm
Thank You!
References:
Design of Reinforced Concrete 9th Edition
by P.C. Jack C. McCormac and Russell H. Brown
Reinforced Concrete Structures: Analysis and Design
by David A. Fanella
Reinforced Concrete Design of Tall Buildings
by Bungale S. Taranath

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CE133

Structural Design 1: RCD

Design of One-way Slabs

ENGR. ROGELIO FRETTEN C. DELA CRUZ

If they are supported on two

However, if a rectangular slab

Where Grade 415 deformed bars or welded wires fabric (plain or

Primary reinforcements, ties, stirrups, spirals db but not less than 15

1. Determine the minimum slab thickness, h.

6. Compute the required main bar spacing:

7. Compute the required temperature bar spacing:

8. Draw the final design of the slab.

Take note that designing a one-way slab is similar in designing a

18.225  10 6 = 2,194,862,400  − 12,949,688,160  2

Check lower root,  = 0.008756

0.85 f c1 600

For f c  28 MPa, 1 = 0.85

For 10-mm-Ø temperature bars (grade 275),

Ast = 240 mm 2 a.) S 2 = 325 mm

12-mm-Ø Main reinforcement bars at 135 mm on center.

10-mm-Ø Temperature bars at 325 mm on center.

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