Activity No. 6.

1
Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Get 3 theories from the web and 3 from the book. Cite your source below each
theory.

1. Why there is a need to review literatures when conducting a research?

 There is a need to review literatures when conducting a research in order to have a basis for
the development of the theoretical framework/background, it will helps to avoid the
unnecessary duplication of selecting research problem, and also it helps to give more focus,
direction and clarity to the study.

2. Why should a researcher document their sources of the literatures which are cited in their
studies?
 Researcher should document their sources of the literature which are cited in their studies in
order to give the readers an information where did you obtain your material, providing a
means of critiquing your study based on the sources you used and create an opportunity to
obtain information about prior studies of the research problem under investigation.
3. Write a review of related literature (at least 3 paragraphs).
According to Lado (1964), Writing is a partial representation of Units of language
expression. In academic work, students are often expected to give definitions of keywords and
phrases to demonstrate to their tutors that they understand these terms clearly. Academic
writers generally, however, define terms so that their readers understand exactly what is meant
when certain key terms are used. When important words are not clearly understood
misinterpretation may result. It is not enough for all the students to just focus on oral
communication, but they also need to master writing in the target language.

Linse (2005) stated writing is productive skills because the focus is on producing
information. However when they are writing, they clearly have more time to think about what
they want to say than they are speaking. This is why their sentences need to be correct. It is
supported by Oshima and Hogue (1997), Writing is a progressive activity. This means that when
the students first write something down, they have already been thinking about what they are
going to say and how they are going to say it.
 Activity No. 6.2
Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Cite at least 3 studies from the wires (websites). Cite the findings / Conclusions of
a previous study from online journals or websites.
1. __________________________________________________________________________
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Author ____________________________________________________________________
Source/website _____________________________________________________________
Date downloaded/retrieved ___________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________
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Author ____________________________________________________________________
Source/website _____________________________________________________________
Date downloaded/retrieved ___________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
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 Activity No. 7.1
Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Descriptive Correlational Research

1. The questions or hypothesis of my study is:

__________________________________________________________________________
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2. A brief summary of what I intend to do, when, where, and how is as follows:
__________________________________________________________________________
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3. The major problems I foresee at this point are as follows:
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Activity No. 7.2

Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Descriptive – Evaluative Research

1. The questions or hypothesis of my study is:

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. A brief summary of what I intend to do, when, where, and how is as follows:
__________________________________________________________________________
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3. The major problems I foresee at this point are as follows:
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__________________________________
 Activity No. 7.3
Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Descriptive Survey Research

1. The questions or hypothesis of my study is:

__________________________________________________________________________
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2. A brief summary of what I intend to do, when, where, and how is as follows:
__________________________________________________________________________
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3. The major problems I foresee at this point are as follows:
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Activity No. 7.4

Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Historical Research

1. The questions or hypothesis of my study is:

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. A brief summary of what I intend to do, when, where, and how is as follows:
__________________________________________________________________________
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3. The major problems I foresee at this point are as follows:
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Activity No. 7.5

Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Pure Experimental Research

1. The questions or hypothesis of my study is:

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. A brief summary of what I intend to do, when, where, and how is as follows:
__________________________________________________________________________
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3. The major problems I foresee at this point are as follows:
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Activity No. 7.6

Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Quansi - Experimental Research

1. The questions or hypothesis of my study is:

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. A brief summary of what I intend to do, when, where, and how is as follows:
__________________________________________________________________________
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3. The major problems I foresee at this point are as follows:
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Activity No. 7.7

Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date____
Case Study

1. The questions or hypothesis of my study is:

__________________________________________________________________________
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2. A brief summary of what I intend to do, when, where, and how is as follows:
__________________________________________________________________________
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3. The major problems I foresee at this point are as follows:
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Activity No. 8.1

Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________

1. Who do you think will benefit your study? Why?

 The individuals who I think will benefit my study are those students, teachers, parents,
researcher and future researchers, because my study is all about the academic writing
difficulties of English second language among grade-V pupils and their coping mechanisms
so it means, at the end of my research, whatever results it may come up it will serves as
their guide and basis in the future.
2. List them down and explain why they will gain something from your research. Cite the
tangible and specific benefits.

 Students- It will help them to determine on how pupils cope up with their writing difficulties
in English and help them understand the importance of writing in English in their academic
performances.
 Teachers- This study will help the teachers to understand the reasons behind the difficulties
of the student in writing English.
 Parents- This study will help the parents to understand their children’s difficulties in writing
English and it will encourage them to help their child on how to cope-up with this
difficulties.
 Researcher- This study will serve as a new knowledge related to the stock knowledge of the
researcher so that she will be more knowledgeable about the writing difficulties in English.
 Future researcher- This study will serve as a guide to other students who will soon conduct
a research related to this study.
 Activity No. 9.1
Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Instruction: Discuss the following briefly.

1. What is a research design?

 Research Design is a systematic plan of a research. It usually includes
formulating a strategy to answer a research question(s). It also provides details
about methods for collecting, recording, processing, and analyzing the
recovered data from the research environment.
2. What are the research designs?
 There are four kinds of research designs. These are historical, descriptive, experimental, and
case study. Historical design is a systematic and critical inquiry about the past events using
the critical method in understanding and interpreting of facts which are applicable to
current issues. Descriptive research focuses on the present condition. The purpose is to find
new truth that may have different forms such as increased quantity of knowledge, an
increased insight into factors which are operating, the discovery of a new causal
relationship, and more accurate formulation of the problem. Experimental design is a
problem-solving study that describes the future. This design is most useful in the natural
sciences such as Botany, Zoology, Biology, Psychology, Ichthyology (study of fish),
Chemistry, Physics, and many others. Experimental Design has distinct limitations when
used in the fields of education, psychology, and sociology. And the last is the Case study, it
utilizes problem solving technique. It describes the past, present, and future. Others
categorize this method under descriptive. But it is more distinct if this technique is placed in
another design which is independent from the other.

3. How can historical data be evaluated?

 Historical data can be evaluated through the three steps. The first step is the collection of
data, with the consideration of the documents and remains or relics of primary and
secondary sources, of bibliographical procedure, and organization of materials. The second
step is Criticism of the data collected, including the processes of external criticism and
internal criticism. The third and last step is the Presentation of the facts in readable from
involving problems of organization, composition, exposition and interpretation.

4. Why is survey research the most common form of study engaged in by researcher?
 survey research is the most common form of study engaged by researcher because it is
appropriate wherever the object of any class vary among themselves and one is interested
in knowing the extent to which different conditions obtain among these objects and also
The weighted arithmetic is the statistical tool used to determine the problems met by the
Science and Mathematics instructors and professors.
5. What is the difference between correlational research and longitudinal survey?
 The difference between correlation research and longitudinal survey is that, Correlational
Research attempts to investigate possible relationships among variable without trying to
influence those variables while the longitudinal survey involves much time allotted for
investigation of the same subjects at two or more points in time. It collects information at
different points in time in order to study changes over time.
6. Compare experimental research to case study.
 Experimental design is a problem-solving study that describes the future. This design is most
useful in the natural sciences such as Botany, Zoology, Biology, Psychology, Ichthyology
(study of fish), Chemistry, Physics, and many others while the case study utilizes problem
solving technique. It describes the past, present, and future. Others categorize this method
under descriptive. But it is more distinct if this technique is placed in another design which
is independent from the other.
 Activity No. 9.2
Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Assign a research design you think appropriate to each research title/problem. Explain why you
assign such design.

1. Emotional Quotient and Academic Performance of Senior Nursing Students of

Southwestern University
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Hypoglycemic Activity of Momordica Charantia Linn (Ampalaya) to the Hyperglycemia

Induced Mus musculus (Albino Mice)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Don Vincente Sotto Memorial Medical Center: Its Growth, Development and Contribution
to the Cebuanos
___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________

4. The Effectiveness of Religion Education Instruction to Grades V and VI in Selected Catholic

Schools in Cebu City
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___________________________________________________________________________
 5. Physical Abuse Victims in Cebu City during the year 2006 - 2008
___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
6. Leadership styles and Management Competence of Head Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Activity No. 10.1

Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Describe your own research environment here.
 Activity No. 11.1
Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________
Do research about the following terms. You can get ideas from books or internet. Expand your
definition with specific examples. Cite your sources.

1. Sampling Designs _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ Source
_______________________________________________________________

2. Sampling Designs _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ Source
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3. Sampling Designs _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ Source
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4. Sampling Designs _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ Source
_______________________________________________________________

5. Sampling Designs _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Source_______________________________________________________________

6. Sampling Designs _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ Source
_______________________________________________________________
 Activity No. 12.1
Name________________________________________ Course & Year_________
Teacher_____________________________________________ Date__________

1. What are the qualities of an ideal research instrument?

 The qualities of an ideal research instrument are validity, reliability and usability. Validity
means the degree to which an instrument measures what it intends to measure. The
validity of a measuring instrument refers to has to do with its soundness, what the test or
questionnaire measures its effectiveness, how it could be applied. Reliability means the
extent to which a “test is dependable, self-consistent and stable” (Merriam, 1995). In other
words, the test agrees with itself. It is concerned with the consistency of responses from
moment to moment. Even if a person a takes the same test twice, the test yields the same
results. However, a reliable test may not always be valid. Usability means the degree to
which the research instrument can be satisfactorily used by teachers, researchers,
supervisors and school managers without undue expenditure of time, money and effort. In
other words, usability means practicability.

2. Why should a research instrument be valid?

 Research instrument should be valid because it determines what survey questions to use,
and helps ensure that researchers are using questions that truly measure the issues of
importance. The validity of a survey is considered to be the degree to which it measures
what it claims to measure.

3. How can an instrument be reliable?

 The reliability is the correlation between the scores on the two instruments. If the results
are consistent over time, the scores should be similar. The trick with test-retest reliability is
determining how long to wait between the two administrations.

4. Look for a rubric. Rate a test paper using the instrument on practicality. Find out the result.