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    Fig 1.1: Escalator

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    saleh gazi
    The document discusses escalators, including their components and history. It describes how escalators work, moving at constant speeds of 0.3-0.6 meters per second, and have three common configurations: parallel, crisscross, and multiple parallel. Safety is a key design consideration, and early manufacturers included Otis Elevator Co., Kone, and Schindler. The major components of an escalator are the escalator itself, which consists of linked steps on tracks; the landing platforms at the top and bottom; the truss that bridges the platforms; and the balustrade handrails.

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    Fig 1.1: Escalator

    Uploaded by

    saleh gazi
    108 views6 pages
    The document discusses escalators, including their components and history. It describes how escalators work, moving at constant speeds of 0.3-0.6 meters per second, and have three common configurations: parallel, crisscross, and multiple parallel. Safety is a key design consideration, and early manufacturers included Otis Elevator Co., Kone, and Schindler. The major components of an escalator are the escalator itself, which consists of linked steps on tracks; the landing platforms at the top and bottom; the truss that bridges the platforms; and the balustrade handrails.

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    escalator

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    The document discusses escalators, including their components and history. It describes how escalators work, moving at constant speeds of 0.3-0.6 meters per second, and have three common configurations: parallel, crisscross, and multiple parallel. Safety is a key design consideration, and early manufacturers included Otis Elevator Co., Kone, and Schindler. The major components of an escalator are the escalator itself, which consists of linked steps on tracks; the landing platforms at the top and bottom; the truss that bridges the platforms; and the balustrade handrails.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    108 views6 pages

    Fig 1.1: Escalator

    Uploaded by

    saleh gazi
    The document discusses escalators, including their components and history. It describes how escalators work, moving at constant speeds of 0.3-0.6 meters per second, and have three common configurations: parallel, crisscross, and multiple parallel. Safety is a key design consideration, and early manufacturers included Otis Elevator Co., Kone, and Schindler. The major components of an escalator are the escalator itself, which consists of linked steps on tracks; the landing platforms at the top and bottom; the truss that bridges the platforms; and the balustrade handrails.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    I.

    INTRODUCTION

    Fig 1.1: Escalator

    Escalators are used around the world in places where elevators would be impractical. Principal
    areas of usage include department stores, stations), convention centers, hotels, arenas, stadiums,
    and public buildings. Escalators have the capacity to move a large number of people, and they
    can be placed in the same physical space as a staircase. They have no waiting interval (except
    during very heavy traffic), they can be used to guide people toward main exits or special
    exhibits,And they may be weatherproofed for outdoor use. A non- functioning escalator can
    function as a normal staircase, whereas many other conveyances become useless when they
    break down.

    1.1. Operation and Layout

    Escalators, like moving walkways, move at constant speeds of around 0.3–0.6 metres (1–2 ft) per
    second. The typical angle of inclination of an escalator to the horizontal is 30 degrees, and the
    total difference in height can be about 18

    metres (60ft) or more. Modern escalators have single- piece aluminum or stainless steel steps
    that move on a system of tracks in a continuous loop.

    Fig 1.2: Crisscross layout


    Escalators have three typical configuration options: parallel (up and down escalators side by side
    or separated by a distance, seen often in metro stations and multilevel motion
    picture theaters),crisscross(minimizes space requirements by "stacking" escalators that go
    in one direction, frequently used in department stores or shopping centers), and multiple parallel
    (two or more escalators together that travel in one direction next to one or two escalators in
    the same bank that travel in the other direction

    1.2. Design and Layout Considerations

    A number of factors affect escalator design. These include physical requirements, location,
    traffic patterns, safety considerations, and aesthetic preferences. Foremost, physical factors like
    the vertical and horizontal distance to be spanned must be considered. These factors will
    determine the length and pitch of the escalator. The building infrastructure must be able
    to support the heavy components. The escalator should be located where it can be easily seen by
    the general public. Furthermore, up and down escalator traffic should be physically separated
    and should not lead into confined spaces. be designed to cater for the

    peak traffic flow discharged from a train, without causing excessive bunching at the
    escalator entrance.In this regard, escalators help in controlling the flow of people. For
    example, if an exit can only be accessed by an escalator, one cannot use it as an entrance
    unless one tries to use the escalator in the "wrong" direction. This may reduce security
    concerns. Escalators are sometimes used as the exit from an airport security checkpoint.
    Such an egress point would still generally be staffed to prevent its use as an entrance during
    times of light pedestrian traffic.It is preferred that there is a staircase next to the escalator if
    the escalator is the primary means of transport between floors] It may also be necessary to
    provide an elevator lift near the escalator for wheelchairs and disabled people. Finally,
    consideration should be given to the aesthetics of the escalator.
    1.3. Safety

    Fig 1.4: Escalator Safety Guidelines at Taipei Metro

    Earlyeuropean Manufacturers

    Hallé, Piat installed its "stepless" escalator in Harrods Knightsbridge store on Wednesday,
    November 16, 1898, though the company relinquished its patent rights to the department store.
    Noted by Bill Lancaster in The Department Store: a Social History, "customers unnerved by the
    experience were revived by shopmen dispensing fee smelling salts and cognac."[19] The Harrods
    unit was a continuous leather belt made of "224 pieces ...strongly linked together traveling in an
    upward direction," and was the first "moving staircase" in England.Hocquart received European
    patent rights for the Fahrtreppe in 1906. After the Exposition, Halle continued to sell its escalator
    device in Europe but was eventually eclipsed in sales by other major manufacturers.In the first
    half of the twentieth century, several manufacturers developed their own escalator products,
    though they had to market their devices under different names, due to Otis’ hold on the
    trademark rights to the word “escalator.” New York-based Peelle Company called their models
    the Motorstair, and Westinghouse called their model an Electric Stairway. The Toledo-based
    Haughton Elevator company referred to their product as simply Moving Stairs. This trademark is
    no longer in effect. Kone and Schindler introduced their first escalator models several decades
    after the Otis Elevator Co. but grew to dominance in the field over time. Today, they, Mitsubishi,

    and ThyssenKrupp are Otis' primary rivals. Schindler now stands as the largest maker of
    escalators and second largest maker of elevators in the world, though their first escalator
    installation did not occur until 1936. In 1979, the company entered the United States market
    by purchasing Haughton Elevator; a decade later, Schindler assumed control of the North
    American escalator/elevator operations of Westinghouse, forming Schindler's American
    division.Kone expanded internationally by acquisition in the 1970s, buying out Swedish
    elevator manufacturer Asea-Graham, and purchasing other minor French, German, and
    Austrian elevator makers before assuming control of Westinghouse’s European elevator
    business. As the last "big four" manufacturers held on to the escalator market, KONE first
    acquired Montgomery Elevator company, then took control

    of Germany’s Orenstein & Koppel Rolltreppen.

    II. COMPONENTS USED

    ❖ Escalator
    ❖ Pump
    ❖ Structure

    2.1. Description

    2.1.1. Escalator

    An escalator is a vertical transportation device in the form of a moving staircase a conveyor


    which carries people between floors of a building. It consists of a motor-driven chain of
    individually linked steps. These steps are guided on either side by a pair of tracks which force
    them to remain horizontal.

    Fig 4.1: Escalator


    2.1.2 Landing Platforms

    These two platforms house the curved sections of the tracks, as well as the gears and motors
    that drive the stairs. The top platform contains the motor assembly and the main drive gear,
    while the bottom holds the step return idler sprockets. These sections also anchor the ends of
    the escalator truss. In addition, the platforms contain a floor plate and a comb plate.The floor
    plate provides a place for the passengers to stand before they step onto the moving stairs.
    This plate is flush with the finished floor and is either hinged or removable to allow easy
    access to the machinery below. The comb plate is the piece between the stationary floor plate
    and the moving step.

    It is so named because its edge has a series of cleats that resemble the teeth of a comb. These
    teeth mesh with matching cleats on the edges of the steps. This design is necessary to
    minimize the gap between the stair and the landing, which helps prevent objects from getting
    caught in the gap.

    2.1.3 Truss

    The truss is a hollow metal structure that bridges the lower and upper landings. It is
    composed of two side sections joined together with cross braces across the bottom and just
    below the top. The ends of the truss are attached to the top and bottom landing platforms via
    steel or concrete supports. The truss carries all the straight track sections connecting the
    upper and lower sections.

    2.1.4 Balustrade

    Either made of metal, sandwich panel, or glass it structures the handrails of the escalator. It
    also provides additional protection for the handrail and passengers. Some escalators have
    direction arrows on the ends of the balustrade. The button that turns on and off an escalator is
    also located at the ends of the balustrade. Also, moving walkways use balustrades in the same
    way.

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