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    Newton's Laws: Principle of Conservation of Momentum

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    zahidahosein
    This document summarizes Newton's laws of motion and principles of momentum and energy. Newton's first law states an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newton's second law relates the net force on an object to its acceleration. Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The principles of conservation of momentum and energy are also described for elastic and inelastic collisions.

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    Newton's Laws: Principle of Conservation of Momentum

    Uploaded by

    zahidahosein
    24 views2 pages
    This document summarizes Newton's laws of motion and principles of momentum and energy. Newton's first law states an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newton's second law relates the net force on an object to its acceleration. Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The principles of conservation of momentum and energy are also described for elastic and inelastic collisions.

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    Newton

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    This document summarizes Newton's laws of motion and principles of momentum and energy. Newton's first law states an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newton's second law relates the net force on an object to its acceleration. Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The principles of conservation of momentum and energy are also described for elastic and inelastic collisions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    24 views2 pages

    Newton's Laws: Principle of Conservation of Momentum

    Uploaded by

    zahidahosein
    This document summarizes Newton's laws of motion and principles of momentum and energy. Newton's first law states an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newton's second law relates the net force on an object to its acceleration. Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The principles of conservation of momentum and energy are also described for elastic and inelastic collisions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Newton's Laws

    Principle of Conservation of
    Newton's First Law: A body will continue to remain Momentum
    in its state of being - at constant velocity in a straight The Principle of conservation of momentum states
    line or at rest - unless acted upon by an external that when two particles collide:
    resultant force. total momentum before impact = total

    Newton's Second Law: The resultant force a body momentum after impact

    experiences is directly proportional to the rate of

    change of momentum of the body, and acts in the

    direction of the momentum change. This law is

    commonly expressed in mathematics as   

    where   is the resultant force acting on the body in

    the direction of the acceleration,   is the mass of the

    body and   is the acceleration of the body.

    Newton's Third Law: If body A exerts a force on

    body B, body B exerts a force of equal magnitude and

    opposite direction on body A.

    Linear Momentum
    Momentum is a vector quantity given by the product of m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
    its mass and its velocity.
    Elastic collisions
    In elastic collisions both kinetic energy and linear
    p is the momentum in kg ms-1 or Ns
    momentum are conserved. They do not exist in the
    m is the mass in kg
    real world but are idealised scenarios which physicists
    v the velocity in ms-1
    use to simplify the mathematical of models. For

    example, in kinetic molecular theory, it is assumed


    Deriving F=ma that the collisions between gas molecules are fully
    By Newton's Second Law Force is equal to the rate of elastic. (Eliminating this assumption would make the
    change of momentum. model fiendishly difficult to manipulate.)

    In an elastic collision, the final and initial velocities of


    Momentum is the product of mass and velocity. the colliding particles must satisfy two conditions:

    If mass is constant this can be rewritten as:

     is the rate of change of velocity or acceleration.


    Solving for   and   we get:
    Therefore when mass is constant:
    Kinetic Energy is clearly not conserved in this type of

    collision either.

    Some rather elegant results emerge from these


    Impulse
    equations. For example, if the masses of both colliding

    particles are equal, the particles 'exchange' velocities Impulse is the change in momentum of a body and is

    upon impact. Furthermore, elastic collisions have the equal to the force applied to the body and the time for

    property that which it acts. 

    That is to say, the relative velocity of one particle with

    respect to the other is reversed by the collision and the

    average of the momenta before and after the collision

    is the same for both particles. Mathematicians may

    view this simply as a generalization of Newton's law of


    restitution (in the case where 

    Inelastic collisions
    In an inelastic collision only linear momentum is

    conserved. Kinetic energy is not conserved because as

    the bodies collide they suffer energy losses in the form

    of heat dissipation. Nevertheless total energy is always

    conserved. Physically speaking, inelastic collisions are

    the only type of collision that feature in reality.

    Collisions in one dimension in which the particles

    coalesce (merge after collision) are inelastic. In this

    case, we can modify the conservation of momentum to

    Superelastic Collisions (Explosions)


    A body of mass   is stationary and then

    'explodes' to produce two bodies, masses   and   

    moving in opposite directions with velocities   and 

    . Alternatively, one is moving with velocity   and the

    other is moving with velocity  . Mathematically:

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