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Lab 4 Group 3

This document describes a laboratory experiment on linear time-invariant systems and their representation in MATLAB. The objectives are to learn how to represent such systems using transfer functions or pole-zero-gain models in MATLAB and analyze them by plotting poles and zeros and simulating responses to inputs like impulse, step and arbitrary signals. Examples show how to create transfer function and zero-pole-gain models in MATLAB and plot poles and zeros. Exercises demonstrate simulating responses to impulse and step inputs for different systems and parameters and verifying the analytical and simulated step responses.

Uploaded by

AYESHA FAHEEM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
156 views

Lab 4 Group 3

This document describes a laboratory experiment on linear time-invariant systems and their representation in MATLAB. The objectives are to learn how to represent such systems using transfer functions or pole-zero-gain models in MATLAB and analyze them by plotting poles and zeros and simulating responses to inputs like impulse, step and arbitrary signals. Examples show how to create transfer function and zero-pole-gain models in MATLAB and plot poles and zeros. Exercises demonstrate simulating responses to impulse and step inputs for different systems and parameters and verifying the analytical and simulated step responses.

Uploaded by

AYESHA FAHEEM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control System

LAB 4
Linear Time-invariant Systems and
Representation

University of Engineering and Technology,


Lahore New Campus
Submitted To:
Sir Haris Anwar
Submitted By:
2017 – BME – 16
2017 – BME – 22
2017 – BME – 38
2017 – BME – 48
Laboratory Experiment 4: Linear Time-invariant Systems and
Representation
Objective:
This experiment has following two objectives:
 Continued with the learning of Mathematical Modeling from previous experiment, we
now start focusing the linear systems. We will learn commands in MATLAB that
would be used to represent such systems in terms of transfer function or pole-zerogain
representations.
 We will also learn how to make preliminary analysis of such systems using plots of
poles and zeros locations as well as time response due to impulse, step and arbitrary
inputs.

List of Equipment/Software:
Following equipment/software is required:
 MATLAB/SIMULINK
Category Soft-Experiment

Overview:
Mass-Spring System Model:
The spring force is assumed to be either linear or can be approximated by a linear function
Fs(x)= Kx, B is the friction coefficient, x(t) is the displacement and Fa(t) is the applied force:

The differential equation for the above Mass-Spring system can be derived as follows

Transfer Function:
Applying the Laplace transformation while assuming the initial conditions are zeros, we get
Then the transfer function representation of the system is given by

Linear Time-Invariant Systems in MATLAB:


Control System Toolbox in MATLAB offers extensive tools to manipulate and analyze linear
time-invariant (LTI) models. It supports both continuous- and discrete-time systems. Systems
can be single-input/single-output (SISO) or multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO).
Example of Creating Transfer Function Models:

Example of Creating Zero-Pole-Gain Models:

Plotting poles and zeros of a system:


 pzmap
Simulation of Linear systems to different inputs:
 impulse, step and lsim:
You can simulate the LTI systems to inputs like impulse, step and other standard inputs and see
the plot of the response in the figure window. MATLAB command ‘impulse’ calculates the unit
impulse response of the system, ‘step’ calculates the unit step response of the system and ‘lsim’
simulates the (time) response of continuous or discrete linear systems to arbitrary inputs. When
invoked without left-hand arguments, all three commands plots the response on the screen.
 Time-interval specification:

 Simulation to Arbitrary Inputs:

Exercise 1:
Consider the transfer function
Using MATLAB plot the pole zero map of the above system
Code and Output:

Exercise 2:
a. Obtain the unit impulse response for the following system

b. Obtain the unit step response for the following system

c. Explain why the results in a. and b. are same?

a. Code and Output:


b. Code and Output:

c. As Laplace transform of unit impulse is 1, so no change in output. Laplace transform of step


impulse is 1/s numerator consist of s. So, they cancel out each other. That’s why, they are same.

Exercise 3:
A system has a transfer function

Plot the response of the system when R(s) is a unit impulse and unit step for the
parameter z=3, 6 and 12

Code and Output:


For z = 3
For z = 6

For z = 12

Exercise 4:
Consider the differential equation y’’ + 4y’ + 4y = u where y(0) = y’(0) = 0 and u(t) is a unit
step. Determine the solution analytically and verify by co-plotting the analytical solution and the
step response obtained with ‘step’ function.

Conclusion/Learning:
In this we came to know how to
 Take transfer function of a model.
 Obtain the poles and zeros of a transfer function model.
 Plot zeros and poles of a system.
 Obtain an impulse and step response of a transfer function.
 Specify the time interval to simulate the system.
 Use the ‘Isim’ command to simulate the arbitrary inputs.

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