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Chapter 1 Patterns and Sequences

Patterns are lists of numbers or objects arranged according to a rule, while sequences are sets of numbers arranged in a certain pattern. Common patterns include adding or multiplying a number, as seen in sequences like the Fibonacci numbers or Pascal's triangle. The document provides examples and explanations of terms, patterns, and formulas for finding specific terms and sums of number sequences.

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Ju Wen
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
235 views

Chapter 1 Patterns and Sequences

Patterns are lists of numbers or objects arranged according to a rule, while sequences are sets of numbers arranged in a certain pattern. Common patterns include adding or multiplying a number, as seen in sequences like the Fibonacci numbers or Pascal's triangle. The document provides examples and explanations of terms, patterns, and formulas for finding specific terms and sums of number sequences.

Uploaded by

Ju Wen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Patterns and Sequences

Patterns
Patterns are list of numbers or objects arranged based on a rule or design.

Sequence
Sequence is a set of numbers or objects arranged according to a certain pattern.

1. Describe the pattern for the following sequences. Hence, complete the sequences.

(a) 2, 5, 8, ___ , 14, 17, ___, …

(b) 10, 8, ___, 4, 2, ___, -2, …

(c) 1, 3, 9, ___, 81, 243, ___, …

(d) 500, 250, 125, ___, ___, 15.625, …

Pascal Triangle

Fibonacci Numbers

Fibonacci number is the sum of the two previous numbers.

Example
1, 1, 2, 3, 5 , 8, 13 , 21, …

2+3
1 5+8
Pattern and Sequence

Term of a Sequence

𝑻𝒏 = n𝒕𝒉 term

For example, 4, 8, 12, 16, …


From the sequence above, 𝑇1 = 4
𝑇2 = 8
𝑇3 = 12
𝑇4 = 16

Sn = Sum to the n𝐭𝐡 term

There are two important formula to help you in solving questions regarding 𝑇𝑛 and 𝑆𝑛 .

𝑻 𝟏 = 𝑺𝟏 𝑻𝒏 = 𝑺𝒏 -𝑺𝒏−𝟏

Try this

1. Last year, FarEast Hardware ordered 60 hammers in March, 70 hammers in April, 80


hammers in May and 90 hammers in June. If this pattern continues, how many hammers will
the shop order in November?

2. Given the sum from the first the first term to the 𝑛𝑡ℎ term of a number sequence is 2𝑛2 – n.
Find the first term and the third term of the number sequence.
Pattern of a
Sequence

Number Word Algebraic


Expression

Example 1

1, 6, 11, 16, 21,…

(a) Describe the pattern in term of

(i) number
(ii) word
(iii) algebraic expression

(b) State the number of 10th term and 100th term

Solution

1. Notice that the numbers are written in an ascending order. So, we have two options: plus or
multiply.
2. In this case, we can notice that the pattern is add 5 to the previous number.
3. To solve (iii), since 1, 6, 11, 16, 21

+5 +5 +5 +5 + 5 is the pattern
Always start with the first term.

1 = 1+ 5(0)
6 = 1+ 5(1)
11 = 1+ 5(2)
16 = 1+ 5(3)
21 = 1+ 5(4)
4. Hence, answer for (a)
(i) +5
(ii) Add 5 to the previous number
(iii) 1+ 5n, where n= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …

5. For (b),

If T1 = 1+5(0), then 𝑻𝒏 = 1+ 5(n-1)

𝐓𝟏𝟎 = 1+ 5(10-1) 𝐓𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 1+ 5(100-1)


= 1 + 5(9) = 1+ 5(99)
= 1+45 = 1+ 495
= 46 = 496
Example 2

2, 6, 18, 54

Describe the pattern of sequence by using


(i) number
(ii) word
(iii) algebraic expression

Solution
1. We can see that 2, 6, 18, 54 is multiply by 3 to the previous number.

x3 x3 x3 x3 is the pattern

2. To solve (iii)
3° = 1
2 = 2(3)°
So, 2(3)° = 2(1) = 2
6 = 2(3)¹
18 = 2(3)²
54 = 2(3)³
Always start with the first term
and follow by the pattern.

Hence, the answers for

(i) x3
(ii) multiply the previous number by 3
(iii) 2(3)n, where n= 0, 1, 2, 3, …

Try this

1. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23

Describe the pattern of number sequence by using


(a) number
(b) word
(c) algebraic expression
2. Make a generalization about 𝑛𝑡ℎ term for each of the following sequences by using algebraic
expression. Hence determine the 10𝑡ℎ term and 18𝑡ℎ term.

(a) 3, 6, 9, 12, …

(b) 3, 5, 7, 9, 11

3.

Based on the above diagram,


(i) Describe the number pattern

(ii) State the number of matches that needed to make the 8th arrangement.

(iii) Determine the number of sequence of the 𝒏𝒕𝒉 arrangement.

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