Hydraulic Motor Circuits

Hydraulic Motor Circuits
These are partial circuits, illustrating some of the ways hydraulic motors can be connected
and controlled. Each circuit is condensed to its simplest form to illustrate one basic idea.
These circuits can be combined with other hydraulic circuitry to make up a complete working
circuit.
Parallel Motors
MF MF Two identical motors connected in parallel will develop
twice the torque and half the speed as one of these motors
working from the same pump. Unless the motors are
mechanically tied together in some way, more oil will go to the
one with the lighter load. Sometimes flow splitting valves are
used to divide the oil equally.
PRES. V1
MF MF
Series Motors
Two identical motors in series will run approximately the
same speed regardless of the difference in their loads. They
will divide the pump pressure in proportion to the load on each.
Make sure that motors used in a series circuit are capable of PRES. V1
having both ports pressurized.
PRES.
Single-Direction Rotation
A standard 4-way, 2-position valve is used to start and
MF stop a hydraulic motor. In the stop position shown in the
V1 schematic, the motor can “free wheel”. That is, it can coast to
a stop or be rotated manually while stopped. Also, in the stop
position the pump is unloaded.
PRES.
Reversible Rotation Motor MF
Direction of rotation is controlled with a standard
3-position, 4-way valve used in the same way as it would be
used to control a double-acting cylinder. In center position the V1
pump is unloaded to tank, and the motor can “free wheel”.
V1
V2 Manual Throttle Braking
PRES. Controlled braking by metering toward
the center position of a manual valve.
MF
Reversible motor operation in valve side
positions. V2 and V3 relief valves are used
V3 to absorb high pressure peaks if the 4-way
valve should be centered quickly.
Surge Relief Circuit

V3
Similar to above circuit but with a single MF
relief valve, V1, acting as a safety valve in both V4
directions of rotation through a network of V2 V1
shuttle valve, and V3 and V4 check valves. V2
PRES.
V1
MF V2
Relief Valve Braking
Single-direction rotation, “free wheeling” in valve
top position with V2 serving as the main circuit relief
valve, and braking in other position with V2 acting as
a brake relief valve.
505
Series/Parallel Motors
For vehicle wheel drive, two
hydraulic motors may be used MF1
in series for fast speed, and
in parallel for high torque, low
speed. V2 is the speed shift, V3
giving free wheeling in position
PF
1 for towing. V1 is the directional MF2
control with pump unloading in
V1 V2
center position. V3 is the system
relief valve.
Four Motors in Series/Parallel

With V2, V3, and V4 in center position as shown, all four motors are in series. With these
valves in left position, all motors are in parallel. With V2 and V4 centered and V3 in left position,
MF1 is in series with MF2, MF3 is in series with MF4, and these groups are in parallel with each
other. The right hand position of these valves is non-functional and should be mechanically
blocked. This gives speed and torque ratios of 1, 2, or 4 without using any mechanical
transmission components. V1 is the forward/reverse directional control for all motors.
V2 V3 V4
MF1 MF2 MF3 MF4
V1
PRES.
Over-Run Limiter
Use this circuit to prevent a hydraulic motor from MF
overrunning, as on a vehicle travelling downhill. V1 is a PRES.
2-way bypass valve, of spool-type construction preferably, V1
connected for internal pilot, external drain operation.
Constant Motor Speed

PRES. To keep Motor MF running at a constant
MF PF speed, a small pump coupled to it generates
pilot pressure across needle valve V2 to
operate a 2-way bypass valve, V1. If the
motor overspeeds, the higher pilot pressure
generated causes V1 to bypass some oil,
V1 PLT. V2 slowing the motor to normal speed.
Controlling Large Motors

PRES. V2
A small 3-position valve, V1, controls a large single
rotation motor. V2 and V3 are pilot-operated relief MF
valves with vent connections. Center position of V1 is
free wheeling, as V2 and V3 are both vented. Top
position is the braking position with V2 vented and
bypassing circuit oil to tank. Bottom position is the V3
V1
running position with brake valve V3 vented and V2 as
circuit relief valve.
V2 Conveyor Drives
MF1 MF2 Modified series operation of 2 identical
V1
motors in which the second motor must run
PF slightly faster than the first. Example: MF1
driving a feeding conveyor, MF2 driving a
carry-off. V2 is a bypass type flow control
with excess oil, shown in dashed line,
plumbed back into the second motor inlet.
506

Hydraulic Motor Circuits

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Hydraulic Motor Circuits

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Hydraulic Motor Circuits

Surge Relief Circuit

Four Motors in Series/Parallel

MF1 MF2 MF3 MF4

Constant Motor Speed

Controlling Large Motors

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