4/11/2021 Interaction diagram

assignment
By: laith awwad
Student No. 201810158

Reinforcement concrete 2
APPLIED SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
Q1) [10p] question
An asymmetrical cross-section of short column is shown in
Fig. 1. Given: The column dimensions are h = 700 mm x b =
500 mm.
The cover and tie size are such that the distance from the edge of the concrete to the
centers of the bars is C of 70 mm,
The longitudinal bars are asymmetrical with As=3Ø28s and A '=2Ø25 as shown
in Fig. 1. The concrete is normal weight with a compressive
𝑐 strength ( 𝑓′) of
30 MPa,
The steel has a yield strength (𝑓𝑦 ) of 430 MPa,
For the section oriented, bending is about a vertical axis perpendicular to h. Compute the
concentric load strength of the section, P, and maximum unfactored moment, M (equal to
Pe), corresponding to
A. Concentric loading.
B. Balanced strain conditions.
C. Compression failure with strain in the leftmost longitudinal steel equal to 0.5𝜖𝑦 .
D. Compression failure with strain in the leftmost longitudinal steel equal to zero.
E. Tension failure with the steel strain equal to 1.5𝜖𝑦 .

F. Tension failure with the steel strain equal to 2.5𝜖𝑦 .

G. Pure moment condition.
H. Based on the results founded in A- F, construct the interaction diagram for the

70 70
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚
70

500 𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚
70

700 𝑚𝑚
• Determining P.C (Plastic centroid):
𝜋(28)2
• 𝐴𝑠 = 3 ∗ = 1847.26𝑚𝑚2
4
𝜋(28)2
𝐴′𝑠 = 1231.5𝑚𝑚2

0.003
𝜀𝑐𝑢
=2∗
4
𝑓𝑦 = 430𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑐́ = 30𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝜀𝑠 𝜀𝑠́
• 𝑐𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ℎ𝑏 = [0.58(30 )(700)(500)] ∗ 10−3
= 8925𝐾𝑁

• 𝑐𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 (𝑓𝑦 − 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ) = [1847.26(430 − 0.85(30))] ∗ 10−3

= 747.22𝐾𝑁

• 𝐶𝑆́ = 𝐴′𝑠 (𝑓𝑦 − 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ) = [1231.5(430 − 0.85(30))] ∗ 10−3

= 498.14𝐾𝑁

• ↑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

0.85𝑓𝑐́
𝑃𝑛 = 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑠 + 𝐶𝑆́ = 8925 + 747.22 + 498.14
= 10170.36

• ↺Σ𝑀@𝑎
700
747.22(70) + 8925 ( ) + 498.14(700 − 70)
2
= 10170.36𝑥̅ 𝑐𝑠 𝑐𝑐 𝐶𝑠′
→ 𝑥̅ = 343.14𝑚𝑚
• 𝑑 ′′ = 343.14 − 70 = 273.14 𝑚𝑚

A. Concentric loading:
• 𝑐𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ℎ𝑏 = [0.58(30 )(700)(500)] ∗ 10−3
= 8925𝐾𝑁

• 𝑐𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 (𝑓𝑦 − 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ) = [1847.26(430 − 0.85(30))] ∗ 10−3

= 747.22𝐾𝑁

• 𝐶𝑆́ = 𝐴′𝑠 (𝑓𝑦 − 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ) = [1231.5(430 − 0.85(30))] ∗ 10−3

= 498.14𝐾𝑁

• 𝑃𝑛 = 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑠 + 𝐶𝑆́ = 8925 + 747.22 + 498.14

= 10170.36
• (𝑀, 𝑃) → (0 , 10170.36)

B. Balanced strain conditions.

𝑓 430
• 𝜀𝑦 = 𝐸𝑦 = 200∗10 3
= 0.00215
𝑠
• 𝜀𝑠 > 𝜀𝑦 (𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) → 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 = 430𝑀𝑃𝑎
•
𝜀 0.003 𝑑 = 630𝑚𝑚
• 𝐶𝑏 = 𝜀 +𝑐𝑢𝜀 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.00215+0.003 ∗ 630 = 367𝑚𝑚
𝑦 𝑐𝑢
𝐶𝑏
𝑓𝑐́ −30 30−30
• 𝛽𝑙 = 0.85 − 0.08 ( ) = 0.85 − 0.08 ( ) = 0.85

𝜀𝑐𝑢 0.003
10 10
𝜀𝑠
• 𝑎𝑏 = 𝛽𝑙 ∗ 𝐶𝑏 = (0.85)(367) = 311.95𝑚𝑚

𝜀𝑠́ 367−70
𝜀𝑠́
• = → 𝜀𝑠́ = 0.00243 > 𝜀𝑦 (𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) → 𝑓𝑠́ = 𝑓𝑦 = 430𝑀𝑃𝑎
0.003 367

• 𝑐𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏 𝑏 = [0.85(30)(311.95)(500)] ∗ 10−3 = 3977.36 𝐾𝑁

• 𝐶𝑆́ = 𝐴′𝑠 (𝑓𝑦 − 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ) = [1231.5(430 − 0.85(30))] ∗ 10−3 = 498.14 𝐾𝑁

𝑎𝑏
• 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = [(1847.26)(430)] ∗ 10−3 = 794.32 𝐾𝑁

0.85𝑓𝑐́
• 𝑃𝑛 = 𝑐𝑐 + 𝐶𝑆́ − 𝑇 = 3977.36 + 498.14 − 794.32 = 3681.18 𝐾𝑁

• ↺Σ𝑀@𝑃. 𝐶 𝑇
𝑎𝑏
𝑀𝑏 = 𝑐𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − ) + 𝐶𝑆́ (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − 𝑑 ′ ) + 𝑇(𝑑 ′′ ) 𝐶𝑐 𝐶𝑠′
2
311.95
= [3977.36 (630 − 273.14 − ) + 498.14(630 − 273.14 − 70) + 794.32(273.14)]
2
→∗ 10−3
= 1158.85 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

• (𝑀𝑏 , 𝑃𝑏 ) → (1158.85 , 3681.18)

C. Compression failure with strain in the leftmost longitudinal steel
equal to 0.5𝜺𝒚
• 𝜀𝑦 = 0.00215
𝑑 = 630𝑚𝑚
• 𝜀𝑠 = 0.5𝜀𝑦 = 0.5(0.00215) = 0.001075
𝜀𝑠 < 𝜀𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 → 𝑓𝑠 ≠ 𝑓𝑦 𝐶
3
• 𝑓𝑠 = 𝜀𝑠 ∗ 𝐸𝑠 = (0.001075) (200 ∗ 10 ) = 215𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜀𝑐𝑢 0.003
𝜀𝑠
𝜀 0.003
• 𝐶 = 𝜀 +𝑐𝑢𝜀 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.001075+0.003 ∗ 630 = 463.8 𝑚𝑚
𝑠 𝑐𝑢

𝜀𝑠́
• 𝑎 = 𝛽𝑙 ∗ 𝐶 = (0.85)(463.8) = 394.23 𝑚𝑚

𝜀𝑠́ 0.003
• = 463.8 → 𝜀𝑠́ = 0.00255 > 𝜀𝑦 (𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) → 𝑓𝑠́ = 𝑓𝑦 = 430 𝑀𝑃𝑎
463.23−70

• 𝑐𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏 = [0.85(30)(394.23)(500)] ∗ 10−3 = 5026.43 𝐾𝑁

• 𝐶𝑆́ = 𝐴′𝑠 (𝑓𝑦 − 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ) = [1231.5(430 − 0.85(30))] ∗ 10−3 = 498.14 𝐾𝑁

𝑎

0.85𝑓𝑐́
• 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 = [(1847.26)(215)] ∗ 10−3 = 397.16 𝐾𝑁

• 𝑃𝑐 = 𝑐𝑐 + 𝐶𝑆́ − 𝑇 = 5026.43 + 498.14 − 397.16 = 5127.41 𝐾𝑁 𝑇

• ↺Σ𝑀@𝑃. 𝐶 𝐶𝑐 𝐶𝑠′
𝑎𝑏
𝑀𝑐 = 𝑐𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − ) + 𝐶𝑆́ (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − 𝑑 ′ ) + 𝑇(𝑑 ′′ )
2
394.23
= [5026.43 (630 − 273.14 − ) + 498.14(630 − 273.14 − 70)
2
→ +397.16(273.14)] ∗ 10−3 = 1054.32 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 < 𝑀𝑏 = 1158.85 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

• (𝑀𝑐 , 𝑃𝑐 ) → (1054.32 , 5127.41)

D. Compression failure with strain in the leftmost longitudinal steel
equal to zero.
• 𝐶 = 𝑑 = 630 𝑚𝑚

• 𝑎 = 𝛽𝑙 ∗ 𝐶 = (0.85)(630) = 535.5 𝑚𝑚 𝐶 = 𝑑 = 630𝑚𝑚

𝜀𝑐𝑢
𝜀𝑠́ 0.003
• = 630 → 𝜀𝑠́ = 0.00267
630−70 𝜀𝑠

0.003
𝜀𝑠́ > 𝜀𝑦 (𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) → 𝑓𝑠́ = 𝑓𝑦 = 430 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜀𝑠́
• 𝑐𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏 = [0.85(30)(535.5)(500)] ∗ 10−3 = 6827.63 𝐾𝑁

• 𝐶𝑆́ = 𝐴′𝑠 (𝑓𝑦 − 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ) = [1231.5(430 − 0.85(30))] ∗ 10−3 = 498.14 𝐾𝑁

• 𝑇 = 0 (𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝑠𝑑𝑖𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙) 𝑎

• 𝑃𝑛 = 𝑐𝑐 + 𝐶𝑆́ − 𝑇 = 6827.63 + 498.14 − 0 = 7325.75 𝐾𝑁

0.85𝑓𝑐́
• ↺Σ𝑀@𝑃. 𝐶
𝑇=0
𝑎𝑏
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑐𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − ) + 𝐶𝑆́ (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − 𝑑 ′ ) + 𝑇(𝑑 ′′ )
2
535.5
𝐶𝑐 𝐶𝑠′
= [6827.63 (630 − 273.14 − ) + 498.14(630 − 273.14 − 70)
2
→ +0] ∗ 10−3 = 751.3 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 < 𝑀𝑏 = 1158.85 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

• (𝑀𝑐 , 𝑃𝑐 ) → (751.3 , 7325.75)

E. Tension failure with the steel strain equal to 1.5𝜺𝒚 .
• 𝜀𝑦 = 0.00215
𝑑 = 630𝑚𝑚
• 𝜀𝑠 = 1.5𝜀𝑦 = 1.5(0.00215) = 0.003225
𝜀𝑠 > 𝜀𝑦 (𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) → 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 = 430 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐶

𝜀𝑐𝑢 0.003
𝜀𝑐𝑢 0.003
• 𝐶 = 𝜀 +𝜀 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.003225+0.003 ∗ 630 = 303.61 𝑚𝑚𝑠
𝑠 𝑐𝑢
𝜀𝑠́
• 𝑎 = 𝛽𝑙 ∗ 𝐶 = (0.85)(303.61) = 258.07 𝑚𝑚

𝜀𝑠́ 0.003
• = 303.61 → 𝜀𝑠́ = 0.00231 > 𝜀𝑦 (𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) → 𝑓𝑠́ = 𝑓𝑦 = 430 𝑀𝑃𝑎
303.61−70

• 𝑐𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏 = [0.85(30)(258.07)(500)] ∗ 10−3 = 3290.4 𝐾𝑁

• 𝐶𝑆́ = 𝐴′𝑠 (𝑓𝑦 − 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ) = [1231.5(430 − 0.85(30))] ∗ 10−3 = 498.14 𝐾𝑁 𝑎

0.85𝑓𝑐́
• 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 = [(1847.26)(430)] ∗ 10−3 = 794.14 𝐾𝑁

• 𝑃𝑛 = 𝑐𝑐 + 𝐶𝑆́ − 𝑇 = 3290.4 + 498.14 − 794.14 = 2994.22 𝐾𝑁 𝑇

• ↺Σ𝑀@𝑃. 𝐶 𝐶𝑐 𝐶𝑠′
𝑎𝑏
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑐𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − ) + 𝐶𝑆́ (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − 𝑑 ′ ) + 𝑇(𝑑 ′′ )
2
258.07
= [3290.4 (630 − 273.14 − ) + 498.14(630 − 273.14 − 70)
2
→ +794.14(273.14)] ∗ 10−3 = 1109.5 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 < 𝑀𝑏 = 1158.85 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

• (𝑀𝑇 , 𝑃𝑇 ) → (1109.5 , 2994.22)

F. Tension failure with the steel strain equal to 2.5𝜺𝒚 .
• 𝜀𝑦 = 0.00215
𝑑 = 630𝑚𝑚
• 𝜀𝑠 = 2.5𝜀𝑦 = 2.5(0.00215) = 0.005375 𝐶
𝜀𝑠 > 𝜀𝑦 (𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) → 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 = 430 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜀𝑠

𝜀𝑐𝑢 0.003
𝜀𝑐𝑢 0.003
• 𝐶= ∗𝑑 = ∗ 630 = 225.67 𝑚𝑚
𝜀𝑠 +𝜀𝑐𝑢 0.005375+0.003
𝜀𝑠́
• 𝑎 = 𝛽𝑙 ∗ 𝐶 = (0.85)(225.67) = 191.82 𝑚𝑚

𝜀𝑠́ 0.003
• = 225.67 → 𝜀𝑠́ = 0.00207 < 𝜀𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
225.67−70
𝑓𝑠́ ≠ 𝑓𝑦 → 𝑓𝑠́ = 𝜀𝑠́ ∗ 𝐸𝑠 = (0.00207)(200 ∗ 103 ) = 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎

• 𝑐𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏 = [0.85(30)(191.82)(500)] ∗ 10−3 = 2445.7 𝐾𝑁

𝑎
• 𝐶𝑆́ = 𝐴′𝑠 (𝑓𝑠́ − 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ) = [1231.5(414 − 0.85(30))] ∗ 10−3 = 478.44 𝐾𝑁

0.85𝑓𝑐́
• 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 = [(1847.26)(430)] ∗ 10−3 = 794.14 𝐾𝑁

• 𝑃𝑛 = 𝑐𝑐 + 𝐶𝑆́ − 𝑇 = 2445.7 + 478.44 − 794.14 = 2129.82 𝐾𝑁 𝑇

• ↺Σ𝑀@𝑃. 𝐶 𝐶𝑐 𝐶𝑠′
𝑎𝑏
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑐𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − ) + 𝐶𝑆́ (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − 𝑑 ′ ) + 𝑇(𝑑 ′′ )
2
191.82
= [2445.7 (630 − 273.14 − ) + 478.44(630 − 273.14 − 70)
2
→ +794.14(273.14)] ∗ 10−3 = 992.41 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 < 𝑀𝑏 = 1158.85 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

• (𝑀𝑇 , 𝑃𝑇 ) → (992.41 , 2129.82)

G. Pure moment condition.
𝐴𝑠 ∗𝑓𝑦 +0.85𝑓𝑐́ 𝐴𝑠́ −600𝐴𝑠́ 600∗𝐴 ∗𝑑́
• 𝐶2 − ( ) 𝐶 − (0.85𝑓 𝑠𝛽́ 𝑏) = 0
0.85𝑓𝑐́ 𝛽𝑙 𝑏 𝑐́ 𝑙
(1847.26)(430) + 0.85(30)(1231.5) − 600(1231.5)
𝐶2 − ( )𝐶
0.85(30)(0.85)(500)
600(1231.5)(70)
→ −( )=0
0.85(30)(0.85)(500)
𝐶 2 − 8.01153𝐶 − 4772.59 = 0 → 𝐶 = 73.2 𝑚𝑚

• 𝑎 = 𝛽𝑙 ∗ 𝐶 = (0.85)(73.2) = 62.22 𝑚𝑚

𝑑́ 70
• = 73.2 = 0.96 > 0.31 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝑐

• 𝑓𝑠́ = 𝐸𝑠 ∗ 𝜀𝑐𝑢 (
𝐶−𝑑́
𝐶
) = (200 ∗ 10−3 ) (0.003) (
73.2−70
73.2
) = 26.23 𝑀𝑃𝑎

• 𝑐𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏 = [0.85(30)(62.22)(500)] ∗ 10−3 = 793.3 𝐾𝑁

• 𝐶𝑆́ = 𝐴′𝑠 (𝑓𝑠́ − 0.85𝑓𝑐′ ) = [1231.5(26.23 − 0.85(30))] ∗ 10−3 = 0.9 𝐾𝑁

• 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 = [(1847.26)(430)] ∗ 10−3 = 794.14 𝐾𝑁

• ↺Σ𝑀@𝑃. 𝐶

𝑎𝑏
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑐𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − ) + 𝐶𝑆́ (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′′ − 𝑑 ′ ) + 𝑇(𝑑 ′′ )
2
62.22
= [793.3 (630 − 273.14 − ) + 0.9(630 − 273.14 − 70)
2
→ +794.14(273.14)] ∗ 10−3 = 475.59 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

• (𝑀𝑛 , 0) → (475.59 , 0)
H. Based on the results founded in A- F, construct the interaction
diagram for the column.

M P
Concentric loading 0 10170.36
Compression failure 751.3 7325.75
with strain equal to zero
Compression failure 1054.32 5127.41
with strain equal to
0.5𝜀𝑦
Balanced strain 1158.85 3681.18
conditions
Tension failure with the 1109.5 2994.22
steel strain equal to
1.5𝜀𝑦 .
Tension failure with the 992.41 2129.82
steel strain equal to
2.5𝜀𝑦 .
Pure moment condition 475.59 0

interaction diagram
12000

10000

8000
AXIAL STRENGTH

6000

4000

2000

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Moment
The graph points are in order such as the table above