Chapter 5

Research Design
The descriptive research design will be use to find out the factors that affects
in the participation of the Senior High School students in asynchronous online
learning in Bicol College during their online and modular class. Descriptive research
aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or
phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and how questions, but not why
questions (Shona McCombes, 2019).
A descriptive research design can use a wide variety of research methods to
investigate one or more variables. Unlike in experimental research, the researcher
does not control or manipulate any of the variables, but only observes and measures
them.
This approach emphasizes both the word “what” and “why” of the topic of
interest. It centers on describing the factors that affects the participation of students
during the student’s participation this year 2020-2021.
Quantitative methodology was considered pertinent from the point of view of
comparing concrete aspects of the same teaching program taught in two different
modes, i.e., face-to-face and online. Quantitative methods emphasize objective
measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data
collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing
statistical data using computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on
gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a
particular phenomenon (SAGE Publications, 2010).
The researchers will use an online adaptive survey-questionnaire that will
then circulate to the participants in order to calculate and collect results which was
sent to be statistically analyzed, summarized, and interpreted for the research
subject. This study will be limited to all Senior High School students in GAS sections
in Bicol College.
Sources of Data
According to Cooper and Schindler (2018) there are two main sources of
data. These sources of data are primary and secondary data sources. The study
implements both primary and secondary data in answering research questions. Both
data sources contribute to the objectives and helped generate conclusions and
recommendations.
Primary Data Sources will be gathered from surveys from the total numbers of
respondents. Primary data basically includes the data collected by observing the
respondents. Neil J. Salkind (2018) describes primary data as an original data
source, that is, one in which the data are collected firsthand by the researcher for
specific research purpose.
Secondary Data Sources may be referred to as information that isn’t initially
gathered by the study, and helped in some ways to an end result for the
investigation. Secondary data for this study was acquired from many different online
databases of books, year projects by past students and other such sources.
Population and Sample
The population of the study is referred as comprehensive group of institution,
object, individuals and so forth with common characteristics that are interest of a
researcher (Dr. Rafeedalie, 2021). A clearly defined population of respondents can
ensure that the result and findings will also be clear. Knowing that the study basically
assesses all the factors that affects the participation of grade twelve GAS students in
Bicol College Senior High School. Since the data that will be gathered from all of
respondents is needed to have an end result, there is no need for respondents to
have an investigation. Once all the information that is need from the grade twelve
GAS students have gathered, the researchers will compute results for the factors
that affects the participants participation in asynchronous online learning.
Research Instrument
The study adopts a questionnaire guide as instruments for data collection in
this quantitative approach and the large data mode collected helps gather enough
evidence to know the factors that affects the participation of students through
asynchronous learning method. The instrument used by researchers was performed
in a fiend by the respondents to ensure the validity and clarity of the instructions.
Sigmund (2018) describes primary data as data gathered for the central purpose of
the study. Gathering primary data helped to enhance understanding and
implementation of direct evaluation of the subject using a survey questionnaire and
an interview guide. The instrument that will be used is an online adaptive survey-
questionnaire. It is a combination of check boxes that allows the respondent to
choose weather what kind of factors affects their participation. Before distributing the
questionnaire, the materials were first pilot by a professional librarian to have a critic
and examine the materials and have a recommendation for much clear study.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers wil focus the interview and group discussions to the selected
respondents. There were 15 selected respondents in total. Online surveys will be
used and after assesments simple follow up questions or interview with the
respondent will be conducted through chat whether text chat, voice chat or video
chat.
Statistical Treatment Data
Descriptive Statistics will be used to determine the factors affecting the
participation of Grade 12 GAS students at Bicol College during the asynchronous
online classes. Trochik (2020) stresses that descriptive statistics are used to
describe the basic features of data in a study. They provide simple summaries about
the sample and the measures.

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Research Design

in the participation of the Senior High School students in asynchronous online

aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or

questions (Shona McCombes, 2019).

A descriptive research design can use a wide variety of research methods to

investigate one or more variables. Unlike in experimental research, the researcher

during the student’s participation this year 2020-2021.

Quantitative methodology was considered pertinent from the point of view of

modes, i.e., face-to-face and online. Quantitative methods emphasize objective

measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data

collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing

statistical data using computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on

gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a

particular phenomenon (SAGE Publications, 2010).

The researchers will use an online adaptive survey-questionnaire that will

respondents. Neil J. Salkind (2018) describes primary data as an original data

specific research purpose.

Secondary Data Sources may be referred to as information that isn’t initially

Population and Sample

The population of the study is referred as comprehensive group of institution,

respondents is needed to have an end result, there is no need for respondents to

that affects the participants participation in asynchronous online learning.

The study adopts a questionnaire guide as instruments for data collection in

asynchronous learning method. The instrument used by researchers was performed

the study. Gathering primary data helped to enhance understanding and

implementation of direct evaluation of the subject using a survey questionnaire and

questionnaire. It is a combination of check boxes that allows the respondent to

respondents. There were 15 selected respondents in total. Online surveys will be

Statistical Treatment Data

Descriptive Statistics will be used to determine the factors affecting the

participation of Grade 12 GAS students at Bicol College during the asynchronous

the sample and the measures.

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