Term Paper Synopsis CIV-405 Earthquake Design and Shear Wall

Term Paper
Synopsis
CIV-405
Earthquake Design and Shear wall
Submitted by :- Paramveer Singh

Roll No. :- B53
Section :- B5701
B.tech Civil
Submitted To :- Mr. Amit Chandra

Introduction
Earthquake engineering is the study of the behavior of buildings and
structures subject to seismic loading. It is a subset of both structural and civil
engineering.
The main objectives of earthquake engineering are:
 Understand the interaction between buildings or civil infrastructure and

the ground.
 Foresee the potential consequences of strong earthquakes on urban

areas and civil infrastructure.
 Design, construct and maintain structures to perform at earthquake

exposure up to the expectations and in compliance with building codes.
General considerations :-
 Planning and layout of the building involving consideration of the
location of rooms and walls, openings such as doors and windows, the
number of storeys, etc. At this stage, site and foundation aspects should
also be considered.
 Lay out and general design of the structural framing system with special
attention to furnishing lateral resistance .
 Consideration of highly loaded and critical sections with provision of
reinforcement as required.
 Structures should not be brittle or collapse suddenly. Rather, they should
be tough, able to deflect or deform a considerable amount.
 Resisting elements, such as bracing or shear walls, must be provided
evenly throughout the building, in both directions side-to-side, as well as
top to bottom.
 All elements, such as walls and the roof, should be tied together so as to
act as an integrated unit during earthquake shaking, transferring forces
across connections and preventing separation.
 The building must be well connected to a good foundation and the earth.
 Wet, soft soils should be avoided, and the foundation must be well tied
together, as well as tied to the wall .
Categories of building :-
To categorised the building there are three factors to considered :-
 Seismic Zones , located area

 Importance of building , importance factor
 Type of Soil, Bearing capacity of soil
These three factors mainly combined to strengthen the building
Seismic Zones :- these zones are defined from the seismic intensity scale of the
area . The zone factor to be considered to design the earthquake resistant
structure.
Importance of building: - The importance of the building should be a factor in

grading it for strengthening purposes, and the following buildings are suggested
as especially important:
IMPORTANT - Hospitals, clinics, communication buildings, fire and police

stations, water supply facilities, cinemas, theatres and meeting halls, schools,
dormitories, cultural treasures such as museums, monuments and temples, etc.
ORDINARY - Housings, hostels, offices, warehouses, factories, etc.
Type of soil: - Buildings can be constructed on firm and soft soils but it will
be dangerous to build them on weak soils. Hence appropriate soil investigations
should be carried out to establish the allowable bearing capacity and nature of
soil. Weak soils must be avoided or compacted to improve them so as to qualify
as firm or soft.
GENERAL PLANNING AND DESIGN ASPECTS
1. Plan of building
 Symmetry
 Regularity
 Separation of blocks
 Enclosed area
2. Choice of site
 Stability of slope
 Type of soil and their compaction
3. Structural Design
4. Fire resistance
Shear Wall
Shear walls are vertical walls that are designed to receive lateral forces from
diaphragms and transmit them to the ground. The forces in these walls are
predominantly shear forces in which the fibers within the wall try to slide
past one another.
When we build a house of cards, you design a shear wall structure, and we
soon learn that sufficient card "walls" must be placed at right angles to one
another or the house will collapse. If we were to connect your walls together
with tape, it is easy to see that the strength of this house of cards would
significantly increase. This illustrates a very important point, in which the
earthquake resistance of any building is highly dependent upon the
connections joining the building's larger structural members, such as walls,
beams, columns and floor-slabs.
Shear walls, in particular, must be strong in themselves and also strongly
connected to each other and to the horizontal diaphragms. In a simple
building with shear walls at each end, ground motion enters the building and
creates inertial forces that move the floor diaphragms. This movement is
resisted by the shear walls and the forces are transmitted back down to the
foundation.

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Term Paper

Submitted by :- Paramveer Singh

Submitted To :- Mr. Amit Chandra

The main objectives of earthquake engineering are:

 Understand the interaction between buildings or civil infrastructure and

 Foresee the potential consequences of strong earthquakes on urban

 Design, construct and maintain structures to perform at earthquake

 Seismic Zones , located area

These three factors mainly combined to strengthen the building

Importance of building: - The importance of the building should be a factor in

IMPORTANT - Hospitals, clinics, communication buildings, fire and police

ORDINARY - Housings, hostels, offices, warehouses, factories, etc.

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