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TOEFL TEST
 LISTENING SECTION

1. (A) She'll stay for a little while. (C) They collected two hundred dollars.
(B) She'll talk to him about his raise. (D) He doesn't know how to do the
(C) She prefers to continue working. calculation.
(D) She'd like a short vacation.
11. (A) He doesn't like to walk late at night.
2. (A) The food doesn't have enough seasonings (B) He has two jobs.
in it. (C) He can't go to the game.
(B) The man isn't very funny. (D) He'll come to the game late.
(C) She agrees with the man.
(D) She isn't sure about the rice. 12. (A) Tony put it together.
(B) He is going to pick it up now.
3. (A) He's feeling better. (C) He will bring it to the picnic.
(B) The film wasn't very good. (D) Tony got it for them.
(C) He didn't enjoy the talk very much.
(D) He will see the woman later. 13. (A) He doesn't know when he'll take a
vacation.
4. (A) It cost more than he thought it would. (B) He doesn't want to move right away.
(B) He would like to sell it. (C) He's waiting for the woman to move out
(C) It isn't a very good one. of the dorm.
(D) He got it for a good price. (D) He needs to move before summer
vacation.
5. (A) She felt different last week.
(B) Someone cut her hair for her. 14. (A) It isn't ready to use yet.
(C) She hasn't been the same all week. (B) It can't be fixed.
(D) She cut her own hair. (C) It needs new legs.
(D) He'll put it in the stable to dry.
6. (A) He'll bring the food quickly.
(B) He needs to write down the woman's 15. (A) Work on the assignment a little bit at a
order. time.
(C) He'll send a waiter to the woman's table. (B) Finish the assignment on time.
(D) He'll take the food away now. (C) Take the assignment to someone else this
time.
7. (A) She'll work part-time at the banquet. (D) Stop working on the assignment.
(B) She'll try to find a blanket for her guest.
(C) She is still looking for a guest speaker. 16. (A) Continue on in spite of the wind.
(D) She lives too far away to come to the (B) Stay home and get some rest.
dinner. (C) Wait for a few seconds before deciding.
(D) Go out with the man tonight.
8. (A) Who is waiting to see her.
(B) How many people can hear her. 17. (A) Read the directions.
(C) When she can see someone. (B) Take back the coffee machine.
(D) What the man said. (C) Copy the instructions.
(D) Write her a check for the coffee.
9. (A) Give the woman instructions about the
phone. 18. (A) Report her problem to the police.
(B) Read the instructions next to the phone. (B) Express her opinion to the athletic
(C) Pay for his telephone. department.
(D) Call the woman on the phone. (C) Go with him to complain about the high
fee.
10. (A) The scholar will arrive shortly. (D) Prepare a speech for students using the
(B) They didn't get as much money as they gym.
needed.
19. (A) His drapes are not attractive, but they 27. (A) He can't help the woman revise her
keep out the heat. research paper.
(B) It wouldn't be practical for him to buy (B) His research paper is due tomorrow.
new drapes. (C) The woman probably won't be able to
(C) His new drapes help keep his house finish her paper on time.
warm. (D) He doesn't know what to do with the
(D) He did not pay a lot of money for the woman's paper.
drapes.
28. (A) He already belongs to the student
20. (A) John will get a good price for Ms bike association.
when he sells it. (B) He had heard about the nomination
(B) The man who sold John his bike was earlier.
easy to deal with. (C) He is not going to vote for the woman.
(C) John paid a good price for his bicycle. (D) He doesn't want to be the class president.
(D) John is always happy when he's riding
his bike. 29. (A) She wonders whether Paul has completed
his work.
21. (A) He'll get a sandwich with them. (B) She promised to help Paul finish his
(B) He'll join them after he finishes. report.
(C) He wants something different this time. (C) She'll show Paul how to get his work
(D) He isn't hungry right now. done on time.
(D) She knows that Paul will do what he
22. (A) One faculty member has published far promised.
more than the rest.
(B) Several English faculty have published 30. (A) He can't wait for Jane any longer.
their writing. (B) He'll try to catch them at the gate.
(C) The number of faculty in the English (C) He doesn't want to go to the theater,
department is far from ideal. (D) He will join them as soon as he can.
(D) One English faculty member has done a
lot for the department. 31. (A) A student.
(B) A psychology professor.
23. (A) They don't have enough storage space. (C) Professor Densmore.
(B) They can't afford to buy any bookcases. (D) A geologist.
(C) This store does not sell books.
(D) All of their books are in storage. 32. (A) He overslept.
(B) His alarm clock didn't work.
24. (A) Ask someone to take George to the (C) He needed to stay at home and finish his
airport. paper.
(B) Take two people to the airport. (D) He had some alarming news.
(C) Take George to the airport early.
(D) Take someone else to the airport instead. 33. (A) Sleeping.
(B) Studying computer science.
25. (A) He isn't really serious about taking it. (C) Finishing a lab.
(B) He is going to have to pay for it himself. (D) Writing a paper.
(C) He hasn't mentioned it yet to his
roommate. 34. (A) He studies too much.
(D) Someone else is paying for his room and (B) He is to be admired.
board. (C) He doesn't budget his time well.
(D) He writes very well.
26. (A) She's worried about the rain.
(B) The picnic wasn't a good idea anyway. 35. (A) The life of a tree surgeon.
(C) Rain won't be a problem. (B) A new sport.
(D) Since it has started to rain, they should (C) Using a throwball.
move indoors. (D) Trees and their uses.
36. (A) He lost his job as a tree surgeon. (D) A second course covering modem
(B) He thinks trees are very easy to climb. American history.
(C) He believes climbing trees is less
dangerous and more accessible than 43. (A) Its own eggs.
mountain climbing. (B) Grass from neighborhood lawns.
(D) He thinks that the equipment for tree (C) Worms and insects.
climbing is less expensive and more (D) Mud and sticks.
comfortable.
44. (A) To locate better nesting sites.
37. (A) Because Sam was heading toward the (B) To gather materials for nest-building.
mountains. (C) To incubate their eggs.
(B) Because Sam was carrying equipment (D) To find warmer temperatures.
often used
by mountain climbers. 45. (A) To look for food.
(C) Because Sam was well-known as a (B) To find a place to build a nest.
mountain climber. (C) To spend twelve to fifteen days
(D) Because they both were interested in incubating eggs.
mountain climbing. (D) To acquire a mate.

38. (A) That he climbed a redwood that was 46. (A) So she can lay a second set of eggs.
leaning. (B) So she can collect grass and sticks to
(B) That he went all the way to California to build a nest.
climb the tree. (C) So she can find something to eat.
(C) That he spent the night sleeping in the (D) So she can begin her migration south.
tree top.
(D) That he climbed in the rain. 47. (A) A clerk in the college book store.
(B) A professor from the Business and
39. (A) She had never taught Social Studies 101 Administration Department.
before. (C) Mrs. Stake's assistant.
(B) She was used to hearing about (D) Mrs. Stake's friend.
expectations in her senior seminar.
(C) She wanted to wait and go over the 48. (A) To talk about the Business and
syllabus at a later time. Administration Department.
(D) She didn't think the students would like (B) To introduce herself and to help orientate
the new requirement. the new students.
(C) To familiarize the students with their
40. (A) She preferred teaching twentieth century teachers.
history. (D) To introduce the students to Mrs. Stoke.
(B) She had been teaching at Johnsville so
she wanted to return there. 49. (A) Memorize the names of the teachers and
(C) She hadn't yet finished her advanced always do the homework.
degrees. (B) Call Mrs. Stoke at home for emergencies
(D) She decided that she preferred teaching. and always leave a message.
(C) Know the hours for the bookstore and
41. (A) Teaching at the Social Science Research always be on time for classes.
Center. (D) Call home monthly and write letters
(B) Studying at Burke College. often.
(C) Teaching the seminar that Professor
Barrett normally teaches. 50. (A) Suzanne will go to class.
(D) Teaching Social Studies 102. (B) Mrs. Stoke will speak to the students.
(C) The students will go to their classes.
42. (A) A community service requirement. (D) Suzanne will show the students around
(B) A senior seminar. the college.
(C) A two-year course on civilization.
 STRUCTURE & WRITTEN EXPRESSION

1. The human brain ------- only two percent of an 7. ------- Henry David Thoreau is known for his
adult's body weight. transcendental views.
(A) which makes up (A) He was like his predecessor, Ralph Waldo
(B) it makes up Emerson,
(C) makes it up (B) His predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson,
(D) makes up was like him
(C) Like his predecessor, Ralph Waldo
2. The foreign policies ------- the Hoover Emerson,
administration undertook in 1929 were (D) That he was like his predecessor, Ralph
marked by good will and peaceful purpose. Waldo Emerson,
(A) that 8. The tallest bird on the North American
(B) where continent, the white whooping crane, ------
(C) on which - four and a half feet tall.
(D) of
(A) stands
3. Children usually turn to their parents rather (B) which stands
than ------- for protection from threats in the (C) it stands
environment. (D) standing
(A) they turn to other figures of authority 9. For thousands of years, people have used vast
(B) authority figures to other amounts of wood for building and -------
(C) to other figures of authority their homes.
(D) their turning to other figures of authority
(A) they heat
4. ------- cause extensive damage to Pacific (B) to heat
Island nations each year. (C) heating
(D) heat
(A) Because of the high tides and winds
during hurricanes 10. Past experience has shown that even well-
(B) The high tides and winds of hurricanes trained ------- overwhelming success in
(C) The high hurricane tides and winds forecasting interest rates.
which
(D) That the high tides and winds of (A) experts do not always have
hurricanes (B) do not always have experts
(C) there are experts who do not always have
5. Anthropologists ------- within their (D) always do not have experts
environments and evaluate the adaptations
they have made. 11. ------- gene in the human genome were more
completely understood, many human
(A) societies are studied diseases could be cured or prevented.
(B) study societies
(C) who study societies are (A) Each
(D) their societies are studied (B) Since each
(C) If each
6. Malaria, which can be fatal if left untreated, is (D) Were each
transmitted by the female, ------- by the
male, mosquito. 12. ------- of the United States grown during a
Republican administration.
(A) not
(B) however (A) Rarely the federal government has
(C) despite (B) Rarely has the federal government
(D) instead (C) Has the federal government rarely
(D) The federal government has rarely
13. Water, -------, is also one of the most (A) Relied on
abundant compounds on earth. (B) It is relied on
(C) Relying on it
(A) is one of the most critical elements for (D) To rely on it
human survival
(B) one of the most critical elements for 15. Efforts to provide equal opportunity for
human survival minorities in the United States ------- from
(C) of which one of the most critical elements the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
for human survival
(D) one of the most critical elements for (A) may be said to date
human survival which (B) dating
(C) may say to date
14. ------ extensively by persons who cannot (D) to date may be said
speak or hear, American Sign Language
ranks as the fourth most widely used
language in the U.S. today.

16. Chicago's Sears Tower, now the taller building in the world, rises 1,522 feet from the ground
А В С
to the top of its antenna.
D

17. Vitamin E, which is found in nutritious foods such as green vegetables and whole grains, action
А В С
as an antioxidant in cell membranes.
D

18. Scientists is currently trying to map the human genome, the blueprint of human heredity.
А В С D

19. A snowflake is a frailty crystalline structure which maintains its delicate shape only as long as it
A В С
is airborne.
D

20. James Dickey's first poem was published during he was still a senior in college.
А В С D

21. Most fatty acids have been find as essential components of lipid molecules.
А В С D

22. Social stratification can based on many criteria, such as wealth, cultural level, legal status, birth,
А В С
personal qualities, and ideology.
D

23. In his famous domes, architecture Buckminster Fuller utilized thousands of simple equilateral
А В С
triangles linked together.
D
24. Early in United States history, the rights of woman were championed in Wyoming, the state
А В
where they were first guaranteed the right to vote.
С D

25. The most aggressive bees known, the African honeybee is currently swarming into North America.
А В С D

26. Only after Theodore Roosevelt became president did conservation developed into a major
А В С
environmental issue in the United States.
D

27. If he were alive today, F. Scott Fitzgerald might be surprised to learn that his novel The Great Gatsby
А В
having transcended its own age and turned into a timeless classic.
С D

28. The world's rain forests are being cut down at the rate on 3,000 acres per hour.
А В С D

29. In all human communities, power yields certain advantages and privileges, such as honor, material
А В C
benefits, and prestigious.
D

30. Scientists used line spectra identifying the element helium in the sun.
А В С D

31. The compute of the passage of time has always been associated with the movements of celestial
А В С D
bodies.

32. Many environmentalists fear that the earth will run out essential natural resources before the end of
А В С D
th
the 12 century.

33. The discovered of gold in California in 1848 led to the Gold Rush of 1849.
А В С D

34. The personality traits of children are often similar to those that of their parents, but these traits
А В С
are not always genetically conditioned.
D

35. Lecithins and other phospholipids play key roles the structure of cell membranes.
А В С D

36. Wages and salaries account for nearly three fourths of the total nationally income generated in the
А В С
United States annually.
D
37. Farther evidence is needed to support recent research which suggests that certain chemicals
А В С
found in broccoli may act as cancer preventatives.
D

38. Contemporary newspaper columnist Russell Baker is noted for his commentaries humorous
А В
written in the tradition of Benjamin Franklin.
С D

39. Nutritional adequacy is hard to achieve on a low-calorie diet; even a small person should not try
А В
to get by on fewer than twelve hundreds calories per day.
С D

40. In reality, all biological reproductive begins at the cellular level.

А В С D
 READING

Questions 1-10
It takes a long time to raise a family of owlets, so the great homed owl begins
early in the year. In January and February, or as late as March in the North, the
male calls to the female with a resonant hoot. The female is larger than the male.
Line She sometimes reaches a body length of twenty-two to twenty-four inches, with
(5) a wingspread up to fifty inches. To impress her, the male does a strange courtship
dance. He bobs. He bows. He ruffles his feathers and hops around with
an important air. He flutters from limb to limb and makes flying sorties into the air.
Sometimes he returns with an offering of food. They share the repast, after which
she joins the dance, hopping and bobbing about as though keeping time to the
(10) beat of an inner drum.
Owls are poor home builders. They prefer to nest in a large hollow in a tree or
even to occupy the deserted nest of a hawk or crow. These structures are large and
rough, built of sticks and bark and lined with leaves and feathers. Sometimes owls
nest on a rocky ledge, or even on the bare ground.
(15) The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs. Then she stoically settles
herself on the nest and spreads her feather skirts about her to protect her precious
charges from snow and cold.
It is five weeks before the first downy white owlet pecks its way out of the shell.
As the young birds feather out, they look like wise old men with their wide eyes
(20) and quizzical expressions. They clamor for food and keep the parents busy
supplying mice, squirrels, rabbits, crayfish, and beetles. Later in the season baby
crows are taken. Migrating songsters, waterfowl, and game birds all fall prey
to the hungry family. It is nearly ten weeks before fledglings leave the nest to search
for their own food. The parent birds weary of family life by November and drive
(25) the young owls away to establish hunting ranges of their own.

1. What is the topic of this passage? 4. According to the passage, great homed owls
(A) Raising a family of great homed owls (A) are discriminate nest builders
(B) Mating rituals of great homed owls (B) need big nests for their numerous eggs
(C) Nest building of great homed owls (C) may inhabit a previously used nest
(D) Habits of young great homed owls (D) build nests on tree limbs

2. In line 3, the phrase "a resonant hoot" is 5. According to the passage, which of the
closest in meaning to following is the mother owl's job?
(A) an instrument (A) To initiate the courtship ritual
(B) a sound (B) To feed the young
(C) a movement (C) To sit on the nest
(D) an offering of food (D) To build the nest

3. It can be inferred from the passage that the 6. The phrase "precious charges" in lines 16-17
courtship of great horned owls refers to
(A) takes place on the ground (A) the eggs
(B) is an active process (B) the nest
(C) happens in the fall (C) the hawks and crows
(D) involves the male alone (D) other nesting owls
7. According to the passage, young owlets eat (A) They are sorry to see their young leave
everything EXCEPT home.
(B) They are lazy and careless about feeding
(A) other small birds the small owlets.
(B) insects (C) They probably don't see their young after
(C) small mammals November.
(D) nuts and seeds (D) They don't eat while they are feeding their
young.
8. In line 19, the word "they" refers to
(A) the wise old men 10. The phrase "weary of" in line 24 is closest in
(B) the adult birds meaning to
(C) the young birds (A) tire of
(D) the prey (B) become sad about
(C) support
9. What can be inferred from the passage about (D) are attracted to
the adult parents of the young great horned
owls?
Questions 11-19
There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of being
hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging
occurs as the body's organ systems become less efficient. Thus failures in the immune
Line system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce characteristics that
(5) we associate with aging. Following a different vein, many current researchers are
looking for evidence at the cellular and subcellular level. It has been shown that
cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture divide only a
limited number of times and then die. (Only cancer cells seem immortal in this
respect.) Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from
(10) an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging occurs at the cellular level and
is part of the cell's genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell's genetic machinery
such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell's environment, or loss
of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on
aging. Other theories of aging look at different processes.
(15) Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually
measured in years. While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average
status of a large group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person's
status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the
next in regard to the rate at which biological age changes occur. For example, on the
(20) average, aging results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous
activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.
Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward
appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in
other aspects of a person's appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the
(25) type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is
frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred.
However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation among
individuals and because a person's appearance is affected by many factors that are not
part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and
exposure to sunlight.

11. The author believes the theories of aging are (D) bring on aging

(A) well-supported hypotheses 14. The author of the article points out that
(B) poorly supported hypotheses cancer cells
(C) proven theories
(D) interesting ideas (A) divide infinitely
(B) divide and then die
12. In line 6, the word "evidence" refers to (C) divide more in adults than in embryos
(D) bring on aging
(A) evidence of aging
(B) evidence of cancer 15. The word "culture" in line 7 is closest in
(C) evidence of human fibroblasts meaning to
(D) evidence of cell division
(A) libraries
13. The word "vein" in line 5 is closest in (B) a special environment
meaning to (C) a society's traditions and values
(D) a toxic substance
(A) part of the body
(B) point of view
(C) blood vessel
(D) cellular level
16. It can be inferred from the passage that 18. According to the passage, chronological
aging is not a good indicator of an
(A) fibroblast cells divide fewer times at individual's status regarding aging because
later stages in human life
(B) are not a focus in cellular research on (A) elderly people are often athletic
aging (B) there is individual variation in the rate of
(C) are similar to cancer cells in rate of biological aging
division (C) strenuous activities are not good
(D) disfunction in the aging process of the measures of age
body's immune system (D) it is difficult to get accurate records of
birth dates
17. As explained in this passage, the theory of
aging which examines the cellular level 19. The author implies all of the following about
would NOT assign which of the following cosmetic aging EXCEPT
as a cause of aging?
(A) It does not occur at the same rate for all
(A) Mutation people
(B) Failure of the body's organ system (B) It is a poor indicator of chronological
(C) Loss of genetic material age
(D) Chemical damage from the environment (C) Illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to
sunlight cause aging to occur
(D) It is described by changes in outward
appearance
Questions 20-31
In the early 1800s, to reach the jump-off point for the West, a family from the East
of the United States could either buy steamboat passage to Missouri for themselves,
their wagons, and their livestock or — as happened more often — simply pile
Line everything into a wagon, hitch up a team, and begin their overland trek right in
(5) their front yard.
Along the macadamized roads and turnpikes east of the Missouri River, travel
was comparatively fast, camping easy, and supplies plentiful. Then, in one river
town or another, the neophyte emigrants would pause to lay in provisions. For
outfitting purposes, the town of Independence had been preeminent ever since 1827,
(10) but the rising momentum of pioneer emigration had produced some rival jump-off
points. Westport and Fort Leavenworth flourished a few miles upriver. St. Joseph had
sprung up 55 miles to the northwest; in fact, emigrants who went to Missouri
by riverboat could save four days on the trail by staying on the paddle-wheelers to
St. Joe before striking overland.
(15) At whatever jump-off point they chose, the emigrants studied guidebooks and
directions, asked questions of others as green as themselves, and made their final
decisions about outfitting. They had various, sometimes conflicting, options. For
example, either pack animals or two-wheel carts or wagons could be used for the
overland crossing. A family man usually chose the wagon. It was the costliest and
(20) slowest of the three, but it provided space and shelter for children and for a wife
who likely as not was pregnant. Everybody knew that a top-heavy covered wagon
might blow over in a prairie wind or be overturned by mountain rocks, that it might
mire in river mud or sink to its hubs in desert sand — but maybe if those things
happened on this trip, they would happen to someone else. Anyway, most pioneers,
(25) with their farm background, were used to wagons.

20. What is the topic of this passage? (B) St. Joseph

(C) Westport
(A) Important river towns (D) Fort Leavenworth
(B) Getting started on the trip west
(C) The advantages of traveling by wagon 24. The word "preeminent" in line 9 is closest in
(D) Choosing a point of departure meaning to
21. All of the following can be inferred from the (A) oldest
passage about travel east of the Missouri (B) superior
EXCEPT that it (C) most easily reached
(D) closest
(A) was faster than in the West
(B) was easier than in the West 25. The author implies in the passage that the
(C) took place on good roads early emigrants
(D) was usually by steamboat
(A) knew a lot about travel
22. The phrase "jump-off point" in lines 1, 10-11 (B) were well stocked with provisions when
and 15 is closest in meaning to they left their homes
(C) left from the same place in Missouri
(A) a bridge across a river (D) preferred wagon travel to other types of
(B) a point of departure travel
(C) a gathering place
(D) a trading post 26. The word "neophyte" in line 8 is closest in
meaning to
23. Which of the cities that served as a jump-off
point can be inferred from the passage to be (A) eager
farthest west? (B) courageous
(C) prosperous
(A) Independence (D) inexperienced
27. All of the following were mentioned in the
passage as options for modes of 30. All of the following features of the covered
transportation from the Missouri River to the wagon made it unattractive to the emigrants
West EXCEPT EXCEPT
(A) a wagon (A) the speed at which it could travel
(B) a riverboat (B) its bulk
(C) a pack animal (C) its familiarity and size
(D) a two-wheel cart (D) its cost

28. In line 14, the word "striking" is closest in 31. In line 23, the phrase "those things" refers to
meaning to
(A) the types of transportation
(A) hitting (B) the belongings of the pioneers
(B) orienting (C) the problems of wagon travel
(C) departing (D) the overland routes
(D) marking

29. The expression "green" in line 16 is closest

in meaning to
(A) frightened
(B) optimistic
(C) inexperienced
(D) weary
Questions 32-40
"The economic history of the United States," one scholar has written, "is the
history of the rise and development of the capitalistic system." The colonists of the
eighteenth century pushed forward what those of the seventeenth century had
Line begun: the expansion and elaboration of an economy born in the great age of
(5) capitalist expansion.
Our excellent natural resources paved the way for the development of abundant
capital to increase our growth. Capital includes the tools—such as machines,
vehicles, and buildings that make the outputs of labor and resources more
valuable. But it also includes the funds necessary to buy those tools. If a society
(10) had to consume everything it produced just to stay alive, nothing could be put
aside to increase future productions. But if a farmer can grow more corn than his
family needs to eat, he can use the surplus as seed to increase the next crop, or to
feed workers who build tractors. This process of capital accumulation was aided
in the American economy by our cultural heritage. Saving played an important
(15) role in the European tradition; it contributed to Americans' motivation to put
something aside today for the tools to buy tomorrow.
The great bulk of the accumulated wealth of America, as distinguished from that
which was consumed, was derived either directly or indirectly from trade. Though
some manufacturing existed, its role in the accumulation of capital was negligible.
(20) A merchant class of opulent proportions was already visible in the seaboard cities,
its wealth the obvious consequence of shrewd and resourceful management of the
carrying trade. Even the rich planters of tidewater Virginia and the rice coast of
South Carolina finally depended for their genteel way of life upon the ships and
merchants who sold their tobacco and rice in the markets of Europe. As colonial
(25) production rose and trade expanded, a business community emerged in the
colonies, linking the provinces by lines of trade and identity of interest.

32. With what subject is this passage mainly (C) money

concerned? (D) workers
(A) Geography 36. In line 9, the word "funds" is closest in
(B) Finance meaning to
(C) Economics
(D) Culture (A) money
(B) resources
33. The phrase "paved the way for" in line 6 is (C) output
closest in meaning to (D) support
(A) paid for 37. The phrase "put aside" in lines 10-11 is
(B) supported closest in meaning to
(C) accumulated
(D) resembled (A) hidden
(B) saved
34. In line 9 the word "it" refers to (C) reviewed
(D) consumed
(A) growth
(B) resources 38. According to the passage, which of the
(C) labor following would lead to accumulating
(D) capital capital?
35. According to the passage, capital includes all (A) Training workers who produce goods
of the following EXCEPT (B) Studying the cultural history of the
country
(A) factories (C) Consuming what is produced
(B) tractors (D) Planting more of a crop than is needed
39. It can be inferred from the passage that the 40. According to the passage, the emergence of a
European ancestors of early Americans business community in the colonies was a
result of
(A) sent many tools to America
(B) taught their skills to their offspring (A) efficient saving
(C) were accustomed to saving (B) the immigration of wealthy bankers
(D) were good farmers (C) the success of production and trade
(D) the existence of manufacturing

Questions 41-50
Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual
becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the
average person. Milk, Wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful
Line and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to
(5) suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into
contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a
few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop.
Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up
so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems.
(10) You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability,
or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat,
nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not
develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at
around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can be set
(15) off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium glutamate, or
sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses,
sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas,
cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people
have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B -vitamins,
(20) particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from
eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from
their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes. This is
the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book Why
Child is Hyperactive. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing
(25) whether the diet is effective.

41. The topic of this passage is 43. The word "symptoms" in line 9 is closest in
(A) reactions to foods meaning to
(B) food and nutrition
(C) infants and allergies (A) indications
(D) a good diet (B) diet
(C) diagnosis
42. According to the passage, the difficulty in (D) prescriptions
diagnosing allergies to foods is due to
44. The phrase "set off" in lines 14-15 is closest
(A) the vast number of different foods we in meaning to
eat
(B) lack of a proper treatment plan (A) relieved
(C) the similarity of symptoms of (B) identified
the allergy to other problems (C) avoided
(D) the use of prepared formula to feed (D) triggered
babies
45. What can be inferred about babies from this 48. The word "these" in line 22 refers to
passage?
(A) food additives
(A) They can eat almost anything. (B) food colorings
(B) They should have a carefully restricted (C) unnutritious foods
diet as infants. (D) foods high in salicylates
(C) They gain little benefit from being breast
fed. 49. Which of the following was a suggested
(D) They may become hyperactive if fed treatment for migraines in the passage?
solid food too early.
(A) Eating more ripe bananas
46. The word "hyperactive" in line 20 is closest (B) Avoiding all Oriental foods
in meaning to (C) Getting plenty of sodium nitrate
(D) Using Vitamin B in addition to a good
(A) overly active diet
(B) unusually low activity
(C) excited 50. According to the article the Feingold diet is
(D) inquisitive NOT

47. The author states that the reason that infants (A) verified by researchers as being
need to avoid certain foods related to consistently effective
allergies has to do with the infant's (B) available in book form
(C) beneficial for hyperactive children
(A) lack of teeth (D) designed to eliminate foods containing
(B) poor metabolism certain food additives
(C) underdeveloped intestinal tract
(D) inability to swallow solid foods