Comparison of wind load calculation by Static method as per IS 875 part 3-

1987 and as per IS875 part3-2015

Data :
No. of storeys n : 10 ( G+9 F)

Height of each storey : 3.0m

Total height of structure : (10 x3.0m +1.0m) =31.0m

Parapet wall height : 1.0m

Plan dimension : 24 m x 15 m

Width X 4 Bays each 6.0m length =24.0m

Breadth Z 3 Bays each 5.0m length =15.0m

Design life of structure : 50 years

Category 3

Topography : plane with upward slope < 3◦

Wind Load calculation by static method as per IS 875 part 3-1987

Step 1: Design wind speed

Vz=Vb K1 K2 K3 where

Vz= Design wind speed at any height z in m/s

Vb= Basic wind speed at 10m height in m/s =41m/s (As per Annexure A and as per
Clause 5.2 of IS 875 part 3-1987.

K1= Probability or risk factor =1.0 (As per Table 1 and as per clause 5.3.1 of

IS875 part 3- 1987

K2= Terrain, height and structure size factor (varies for height)
For class B 20 and 50m (L=24m B=15m H=31m take maximum size 31m )
category 3 As per Table 2 clause 5.3.2.2 of IS 875 part 3-1987.

Height K2

10m 0.88

15m 0.94

20m 0.98

30m 1.03

31m 1.036

40m 1.09

K3= Topography factor (As per clause 5.3.3.1 of IS 875 part 3-1987)

Upward slope degree

If degree < 3◦ then K3=1.0

If degree> 3◦ then K3 =1 to 1.36

Here take K =1 (Ꝋ < 3◦)

Design wind speed

Vz=Vb K1 K2 K3

= 44 x 1 x k2 x 1

= 44 k2

Table 1 Design wind speed

Height in m K2 Vz=44 K2 m/s

10 0.88 38.72

15 0.94 41.36

20 0.98 43.12

30 1.03 45.32

31 1.036 45.58

Step 2 : Calculating Design wind pressure

Table 2 Design wind pressure pd

Height in m Vz Pd= 0.66 Vz2 N/m2

0 - 10 38.72 899.54

10 - 15 41.36 1026.38

15 - 20 43.12 1115.60

20 - 30 45.32 1232.34

30 - 31 45.58 1246.52
:

Step 3 : Calculating Design wind load

Wind load F= Cf Ae pd

F= Design wind load

Cf =Force coefficient

Cf value: Height h =31m Length b= 24m breadth a= 15m

a/b=15/24=0.62 h/b=31/24=1.29 >1

If h/b >=1 then use graph 4A

If h/b <= 1 then use graph 4B

We use graph 4A As per clause 5.2 of IS 875 part 3-1987 from graph Cf=1.22

= 1 x 6 (shortest span between columns)

Ae= Effective frontal area obstructing wind which is identified for each structure

Calculating value of frontal area (Ae)

Wind is calculating load per unit area

Frontal area

Pd = Design wind pressure

Design Wind load F= Cf Ae pd =1.22 x 6 x pd

 = 7.32 pd

Table 4 Design wind load F in KN/m

Height in m Pd N/m2 Wind load F=7.32 pd F in KN/m

N/m

0 - 10 899.54 6584.63 6.58

10 - 15 1026.38 7513.10 7.51

15 - 20 1115.60 8166.19 8.17

20 - 30 1232.34 9020.72 9.02

30 - 31 1246.52 9124.53 9.12

Nodes are considered at the centre of the beam-column joint.

Assume overall depth of beam=500mm

Any node carry the wind load of half the height of upper floor and half the height of the
lower floor.

Table 5 Calculation of wind load point loads :

Node Loading level (m) Load Nodal point load KN

KN/m

10 – 10 (29.75m) +28.25 to 31m 9.12 9.12 x 2.75 = 25.08

9 – 9 (26.75m) +25.25 to 28.25 8.87 8.87 x 3.0 = 26.61

8 – 8 (23.75m) +22.25 to 25.25 8.62 8.62 x 3.0 = 25.86

7 – 7 (20.75m) +19.25 to 22.25 8.36 8.36 x 3.0 =25.08

6 – 6 (17.75m) +16.25 to 19.25 8.02 8.02 x 3.0 = 24.06

5 – 5 (14.75m) +13.25 to 16.25 7.68 7.68 x 3.0 = 23.04

4 – 4 (11.75m) +10.25 to 13.25 7.16 6.63 x 3 = 21.48

3-- 3 (8.75m) +7.25 to 10.25 6.63 6.63 x 3.0 =19.89

2 – 2 (5.75m) +4.25 to 7.25 6.58 6.58 x 3.0 = 19.74

1 – 1 (2.75m) +1.375 to 4.25 6.58 6.58 x 2.875 = 18.92

G – G (-0.25m) +0 to 1.375 6.58 6.58 x 1.375 = 9.05

Up to 10m height F= 6.58 KN/m

Wind load at 10.25m

10m → 6.58 5 → 0.93 difference

15m → 7.51 0.25 → 0.05

F =6.58 + 0.04 =6.63 KN/m

Wind load at 16.25m

15m → 7.51 5 → 0.66 difference

20m → 8.17 1.25 → 0.17

F =7.51 + 0.17=7.68 KN/m

Wind load at 22.25m

20m → 8.17 10 → 0.85 difference

30m → 9.02 2.25 → 0.19

F =8,17 + 0.19 =8.36 KN/m

Wind load at 28.25m

20m → 8.17 10 → 0.85 difference

30m → 9.02 8.25 → 0.70

F =8.17 + 0.70 =8.87 KN/m

Wind Load Calculation as per IS 875 part 3-2015

Problem

No. of storeys n : 10 ( G+9 F)

Height of each storey : 3.0m

Total height of structure : (10 x3.0m +1.0m) =31.0m

Parapet wall height : 1.0m

Plan dimension : 24 m x 15 m

Width X 4 Bays each 6.0m length =24.0m

Breadth Z 3 Bays each 5.0m length =15.0m

Location : Vadodara

Basic Wind speed : 44 m/s

Design Life of the structure : 100

years.
Procedure :
Calculation of Wind Loads :
Check for Static method :
As per clause 9.1 of IS 875 part3-2015, any building or structure which satisfies either
of the following two criteria shall be adopted for Static method :
(a Buildings and closed structures with a height to minimum lateral dimension ratio of
less than about 5.
(b) Buildings and structures whose natural frequency in the first mode is greater than
1.0 Hz or fundamental period is less than sec.
Height/Minimum Lateral Dimension = h/b =31.00/15.0=2.07 <=5.0 -------- (1)
Time Period T = 0.1 n = 0.1 x 10=1.0 s
Frequency = 1 /n = 1/1.0 =1.0 > 1 Hz ------- (2)
Hence Static method can be adopted.
Procedure for wind force calculation for static Method :
Step 1: Design wind speed
Vz= Vb K1 K2 K3 K4
Vb=Basic wind speed (m/sec) = 44 m/sec (As per Appendix A of IS 875 (Part 3)-
2015.
Life of structure assumed= 100 years.
K1=Risk coefficient (Table 1 of IS 875 (Part 3)-2015)= 1.07
K2= Terrain & height factor (Table 2 of IS 875 (Part 3)-2015). For
Terrain category 3 and for height 31m
Table 1 (K2 factor)
Height K2
0 to 10m 0.91
10 to 15m 0.97
15 to 20m 1.01
20 to 30m 1.06
30 to 40 m 1.12

Topography : Plane
K3=Topography factor (Clause 6.3.3 of IS 875 (Part 3)-2015)=
For slope 3◦ < Ꝋ ≤17◦ (Annex C) and Clause 6.3.3 of IS 875 (Part 3)-2015, value of
K3 shall be taken as 1.0.
K4 =Importance factor for Cyclic Region
Distance of the site from nearest sea coast =65 km
Nature of site : Non cyclic
Structure Type : (All other structures) - General K4= 1.0 (clause 6.3.4 of IS 875
part 3-2015)
Design Wind speed Vz= Vb K1 K2 K3 K4
Vz = 44 x 1.07 x K2 x 1.0 x 1.0 =47.08 K2
Step 2 : Design wind pressure pd
Design Wind Pressure, pd= Kd Ka Kc pz where
Kd= Wind directionality factor for buildings as per clause 7.2.1 of
IS875 part3- 2015 =0.90
Ka=area averaging factor
Tributary area of a panel TA= Column spacing x storey height=6 x 3=18m2
For TA =18m2 As per table 4 of iS875 part 3-2015
Ka for 10 to 25 m2 is 0.90
Combination factor = Kc as per clause 7.3.3.13 for frames over the building envelope
when roof is subjected to pressure and internal pressure is suction or vice-versa=0.90
pd= Kd Ka Kc pz
pd= 0.90 x 0.90 x0.90 x pz =0.729 pz
pd > 0.7 pz
The wind pressure pz at any height z is given by
Pz= 0.6 Vz2 where
Pz= Design Wind speed in N/m2 at height z is given by Pz= 0.6 Vz2
Vz= Design wind speed in m/s.
Pz = 0.6 x (47.08 K2)2 = 1330 K22 pd= 0.729 x 1330 K22=969.57 K22
The design wind pressure at any height is obtained as follows:
Table 2 Design wind pressure pd
Heigh K2 Pd=969.57 K22 N/m2

10m 0.91 803 N/m2

15m 0.97 912 N/m2
20m 1.01 989 N/m2
20 to 30m 1.06 1089 N/m2
31m 1.063 1096 N/m2
Step 3: Design wind Load (F)

PLAN
The wind force acting on the building is given by F= Cf Ae pd where
Cf= Force coefficient (Fig 4 of IS 875 part 3-2015)
Ae= Effective frontal area
Pd =Design wind pressure
For h/b=31/24=1.29 a/b= 15/24=0.625
Cf value from Fig 4(a) =1.22
Width of tributary area supported by the frame =6.0m
Ae=Effective frontal area
Ae for 1m width may be taken as centre to centre of frame x 1m height.
pd = Design wind pressure as calculated in step 2.
F= Cf Ae pd
=1.22 x (6.0 x1.0) x pd
=7.32 pd
Design wind load is calculated as per Table 3
Table 3 Design load per metre height
Height Design Load F=7.32 pd N/m F KN/m

10m 7.32 x 803 = 5878 5.88

15m 7.32 x 912 = 6676 6.68

20m 7.32 x 989 = 7240 7.24

30m 7.32 x 1089 = 7971 7.97

31m 7.32 x 1096 = 8023 8.02

To convert the uniform loads into point loads, the loading at the top and bottom of
each area in charge of nodes should be determined and assumed as uniform over the
area . The areas are marked in Fig 2 . The loads at the centre of these areas are
calculated from design wind load by interpolation. The point loads acting at nodes
are calculated in Table 4.
 Table 4 Calculation of wind load point loads :

Node Loading level (m) Load Nodal point load KN

KN/m

10 – 10 (29.75m) +28.25 to 31m 8.02 8.02 x 2.75 = 22.06

9 – 9 (26.75m) +25.25 to 28.25 7.84 7.84 x 3.0 = 23.52

8 – 8 (23.75m) +22.25 to 25.25 7.62 7.62 x 3.0 = 22.86

7 – 7 (20.75m) +19.25 to 22.25 7.40 7.40 x 3.0 =22.20

6 – 6 (17.75m) +16.25 to 19.25 7.11 7.11 x 3.0 = 2133

5 – 5 (14.75m) +13.25 to 16.25 6.82 6.82 x 3.0 = 20.46

4 – 4 (11.75m) +10.25 to 13.25 6.37 637 x 3 = 19.11

3-- 3 (8.75m) +7.25 to 10.25 5.92 5.92 x 3.0 =17.76

2 – 2 (5.75m) +4.25 to 7.25 5.88 5.88 x 3.0 = 17.64

1 – 1 (2.75m) +1.375 to 4.25 5.88 5.88 x 2.875 = 16.91

G – G (-0.25m) +0 to 1.375 5.88 5.67 x 1.375 = 8.09

Wind load at 10.25m

10m → 5.88 5 → 0.80 difference

15m → 6.68 0.25 → 0.04

F =5.88 + 0.04 =5.92

Wind load at 16.25m

15m → 6.68 5 → 0.56 difference

20m → 7.24 1.25 → 0.14

F =6.68 + 0.14 =6.82

Wind load at 22.25m

20m → 7.24 10 → 0.73 difference

30m → 7.97 2.25 → 0.16

F =7.24 + 0.16 =7.40

Wind load at 28.25m

20m → 7.24 10 → 0.73 difference

30m → 7.97 8.25 → 0.60

F =7.24 + 0.60 =7.84