Water Resources

Water Sources

By
Dr. Debasish Das

Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Department
JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, West Bengal

Contact Details
Mobile and WhatsApp: +91-8918056883
Email ID: debasish.das@jiscollege.ac.in
Index
Index:
⚫ Introduction
⚫ Prior knowledge
⚫ General Info.
⚫ Glossary
⚫ G.O uses of water
⚫ Uses of water
⚫ Good and bad uses of the water.
⚫ News about uses of the water resource
⚫ Proposals- How to conserve water
resources.
Introduction
This is virtual booklet of water
resources is going to be about how
people use water, how we would have to
take care of it and many things that
with this booklet you should learn. Also
with this booklet you should learn how
to not waste the water and enjoy you
to practice it to save this beautiful
world.
Prior knowledge
Water resources is
Are sourc es of important on Earth and
water and without it we
they are useful from can’t
the humans and do many things
animals. or satisfied
our needs.

We would have to take Water is a renewable

care of the water natural resources
because in also like air and
few years soil.
there's not
going to be enough
water for us.
Water Resources
⚫ Are sources of water that
are useful to humans. Uses
of water include
agricultural, industrial,
household, recreational and
environmental activities.
Virtually all of these human
uses require fresh water.
 Fresh water is renewable
resources like soil and air.
The worlds is supplied by
clean and fresh water and it is
decreasing. Water is one of our
most critical resources, but
around the world it is under
threat.
Water demand already

exceeds supply in many

parts of the world and as

the world population

continues to rise, so too
does the water demand.
Water resources are divided:
⚫ Water resources are
divisible into two distinct
categories : the surface-
water resources and the
ground-water resources.
Each of these categories
is a part of the earth's
water circulatory system,
called the hydrologic
cycle, and is derived from
precipitation, which is
rainfall plus snow.
Distribute of water on Earth

This is how the water is distribute on

Earth. If you could see here that is
most amount of water in the oceans.
This is another
graphic about the
world’s water and
how it is distributed.

Here also you could

see that the total
volume in the
hydrosphere of
water is 1.386 km2
(100%)
 Sources of Fresh Water
⚫ Surface water:
Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh
water wetland. Surface water is naturally
replenished by precipitation and naturally lost
through discharge to the oceans, evaporation,
and sub-surface seepage.
⚫ Ground Water:
Sub-surface water, or groundwater, is fresh
water located in the pore space of soil and
rocks. It is also water that is flowing within
aquifers below the water table.
•Desalination:

Desalination is an artificial
process by which saline
water (generally sea water)
is converted to fresh water.
 ⚫ Frozen Water:
Several schemes have been proposed to make
use of icebergs as a water source, however to
date this has only been done for novelty
purposes. Glacier runoff is considered to be
surface water.
•Under River flow
 Glossary
⚫ Useful: To do something in order to be helpful.
⚫ Virtually: almost, but not quite.
⚫ Decreasing: smaller increase in output than
input: a situation in which an increase in input
causes output to increase by a smaller
proportion.
⚫ Exceeds: be greater than something- to be
greater than something in quantity, degree, or
scope.
⚫ Replenished:replace used items- to restock
depleted items or material.
⚫ Discharge: carry something out.
 How do people use Water
Resources?
Divide

Household Personal Use Recreational activities

•Washing dishes •Washing the teeth •Go to the pool.

•Fill the car with •Drinking water •Go to the beach.
water •Take a shower •Walk in the pool for
•Watering the plants •Going to the bathroom recovering health.
•Putting out the fire •Walk in the pool for •Skiing in the mountains.
•Give water for the recovering health •Fish in the lakes.
cows •Play with a ball in the
•Watering the grass river.
•Washing the car •Surfeit in the ocean

Picture: Picture: Picture:

 Uses of water
⚫ Agricultural: It is estimated that
69% of worldwide water use is for
irrigation, with 15-35% of irrigation
withdrawals being unsustainable.
Aquaculture is a small but growing
agricultural use of water.
• Industrial: It is estimated that 15%
of worldwide water use is industrial.
The distribution of industrial water
usage that is varies widely, but as a
whole is lower than agricultural use.

This is the process of irrigation

 ⚫ Recreational water: use ⚫ Household: It is
is usually a very small but estimated that 15% of
growing percentage of worldwide water use is
total water use. for household purposes.
Recreational water use is These include drinking
mostly tied to reservoirs. water, bathing, cooking,
sanitation, and gardening.

Environmental: Explicit
environmental water use is also
a very small but growing
percentage of total water use.
 Good and bad uses of water
⚫ Ways people waste water: (How to save it).
 Dishwasher -Dishwashers can waste so much water if you run it
when it is not full. A way to prevent this is to wash your dishes
without use of the dishwasher.
 Brushing Teeth / Washing Dishes WITH the Water Running-
DO NOT keep water running while brushing your teeth/ doing
the dishes. When you brush your teeth, wet the toothbrush
first and turn the water off.
 Shaving - When you taking the shower, do you really need the
water running? Turn off the water while you shave your legs. I
put conditioner in my hair, fill cup with water, sit in the bathtub
and shave, with the water off.
 If Its Yellow, Let it Mellow. If Its Brown, Flush it Down-
Some people are bothered by this, but it is essential. Every time
you flush the toilet, you waste 10 gallons of water.
 Car Wash-This may be hard for us city folks, but if you have a
lawn, Wash your car on it! Use Biodegradable soap, and a bucket
of water. Only turn on the hose for the final rinse.
 Bath time! Bath time is no longer Fun time. It wastes an
unnecessary amount of water. an average shower uses 1/5 the
amount of water that is needed for a bath!
 Using the Toilet as a Garbage Can- Do Not Do This! Throw out
everything in a garbage can, even if it is tempting to just throw
it in the toilet.
 Hot Water-Only use hot water when absolutely necessary. Hot
water uses a lot more energy, and it isn’t always necessary.
 New about uses of water
Colombia: government seeks to moderate water consumption
through rate increase
January 29, 2010 ·
The Colombian government will issue a presidential decree in January 2010 to
increase water tariffs in an effort to moderate water consumption in the
country, local paper La República reported.
Rates will be adjusted in each region according to water usage and climate
variables, environment and housing minister Carlos Costa was quoted as saying.
Households located in cold areas with a monthly consumption of more than 28m3
will experience rate increases, as will households in warm areas that consume
over 34m3/month and those in hot areas with a monthly consumption exceeding
35m3, the report said.
According to government projections, some 100 municipalities are at risk of water
rationing in 2010, as a result of the El Niño weather phenomenon, which affects
rainfall amounts.
Bogotá city does not appear to be at risk and is using its potable water reserve to
support the water supply in its surrounding municipalities, according to the
report.
A total of 13 municipalities are already experiencing water rationing, including
Villeta, La Mesa, Apulo, Barichara and San Juan Nepomuceno.
 Proposals: How to conserve
water
If you want to learn how to conserver water and protecting the environment,
learning to conserve water is a great way to make a positive impact. A
four-minute shower may not sound like much, but in reality can cost up to
40 gallons. But don't worry--there are ways to change water-hogging
household habits into leaner, greener activities.
Water Conservation Tips
⚫ Run your dishwasher for only full loads.
⚫ Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth.
⚫ Check your faucets and toilets for leaks.
⚫ Take shorter showers.
⚫ Water your lawn in the morning.
⚫ Use a cover on your pool.
⚫ Wash your car with a nozzle on the hose.
⚫ We are fortunate enough to live in a
place where clean water flows freely
on demand, it can be easy to take it for
granted. From your daily dishwashing
routine to your daily shower, every
drop of this natural resource is
precious. Practicing conservation is not
only good for the environment, but can
save you money in energy bills.
 Videos
⚫ Video how to save water:
http://www.youtube.com/v/4MDLpVHY8LE&hl=es_ES&fs=1
• Earth in crisis:
http://www.youtube.com/v/Lqg--tUzBNI&hl=es_ES&fs=1
 Conclusion
Finally i had made this
presentation and i hope you
enjoy and like it. I hope you
understand about this
important topic, for then i
would be easily to talk
about it and share this
information to save the
water resources and more
important our beautiful
world.
 Thank you
Save Water, Save Earth