Aircraft Characteristics Affecting Airport Design: Gaurav Srivastava Civil Engg Deptt. Foet, Lu

AIRCRAFT
CHARACTERISTICS
AFFECTING AIRPORT
DESIGN
Topics Covered : Aircraft Characteristics affecting Airport
Design and Airport Planning and Layout
Gaurav Srivastava
Civil Engg Deptt.
FoET,
Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg. LU
Aircraft characteristics
These are importance to the airport planner
and designer.
Type of propulsion
Size of aircraft
Min turning radius
Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg. Deptt. FoET, LU

Min circling radius
Speed of aircraft
Aircraft weight and wheel configuration
Jet blast
Fuel spillage
Noise.
Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Type of propulsion
Engine Speed limit kmph
Piston 250 to 750
Ram jet 1280 to 2400
Rocket 4600

Size of Aircraft
Size of Aircraft involves
Wing span
Fuselage length
Height
Distance between main gears
Wheel base
Trail width

Cont..
Wing span decides
Width of taxi way
Clearance between twoparallel traffic ways
Size of apron and hanger
Width of hanger gate

Cont..
Length of aircraft decides
Widening of taxi way oncurves
Sizes of apron and hanger
Height of aircraft or empennage height
It decides the height of hanger gate
The gear tread and wheel base
Min turning radius of the aircraft.

Min turning radius
Min turning radius
A line is drawn through the axis of nose gear when it

is at its maxangle of rotation.
Theoretically max angle of rotation is 900
It will causes theskidding
Because it is producing excessive wear.
Max angle of nose gear limited 500to 600for turbo jet.

Min circling radius
Min radius required in space depends
Type of aircraft
Traffic volume
Weather conditions
The diff radii for diff types of aircraft
Small gear aviation aircraft under UFR condition
=1.6 Km

Bigger aircraft, say twopiston engine under
VFR condition =3.2 Km
Piston engine aircraft under IFR =13 Km
Jet engine aircraft under IFR =80 Km

Speed of Aircraft
It is split into two ways
Cruising speed or ground speed: It is the speed
of air craft withrespect to the ground when the
aircraft flying in air at its max speed.
Air speed: It is the speed of aircraft relative to the

wind.

Weight of Aircraft &wheel
configuration
Wt of Aircraft directly influence the length of
runway and structural requirements, i.e. the
thickness of runway, taxiway, apron and
hangers.

Jet blast
High velocity Aircraft it will eject the hot exhaust
gases.
The velocity of jet blast may be high as 300kmph
Due to this passenger may feelinconvenience.
To avoid this problems several jet blast deflectors
are available.

Fuel spillage
It is very diff to avoid the fuel spillages at
loading aprons and hanger.
Bitumen pavement are affected by the fuel
spillage.
But it should bring within minlimit.
So that constant supervision is required at fuel
inlets, engines and main landing gear.

Noise
Noise generated by Aircraft create problem.
Layout and capacity depend on it.
It should be min as per as possible.
It is regulated by FAA (Federation Aviation

Agency).

AIRPORT PLANNING AND
LAYOUT

AIRPORT SITE SELECTION
Factors for selection of a suitable site:
Regional plan
Airport use
Proximity to other airports
Ground accessibility
Topography
Obstructions
visibility

Cont..
Wind
Noise nuisance
Grading, drainage and soil characteristics
Future development
Availability of utilities from town
Economic considerations
Regional plan
The site should fit for regional plan
Forming it an integral part of the national

network of airport.

Airport use
Selection is depend on type use whether for

civilian or for militaryoperations.
In emergency civilian airports also used for

military purpose.

Proximity to otherairports
The site should be considerable from the exiting
airports.
So that landing in one airport does not interfere
withthe other airport.
Min spacing have been suggested:
For airports serving small aviation aircraft under

VFR condition =3.2 Km

For aircraft serving bigger aircraft, say two
piston engine under VFR condition =6.4 Km
For aircraft operating piston engine aircraft
under IFR =25.6 Km
For aircraft operating Jet engine aircraft under
IFR =160 Km

Ground accessibility
Site should be selected that it is readily
accessible to the users.
Passenger time is more concerned rather than
the actual time in air travel.
The time required to reach an airport not exceeds
30 minutes.
It should be located adjacent to the main
highway.

Topography
It includes like ground contours, trees, streams.
A raised ground usually considered for airport.
Reasons:
Less obstructions in approach zones
Natural drainage
More uniform wind
Better visibility.

obstructions
For landing or take off, long clearance areas are

provided on either side of runway known as
approach areas.
These structures are controlled by zoning laws.

visibility
The site should be free from visibility reducing

conditions like fog, smoke.

wind
Runway is oriented by wind data.
Wind data i.e. direction, duration and intensity
collected over a min 5yrs.

Noise nuisance
Noise depends on type of propulsion and gross
wtof aircraft.
The problem is more withjetengine.
So that area should away from residential and
industrial area.

Grading, drainage and soil
characteristics
Grading and drainage play an important role in
the construction and maintenance ofairport.
Previous materials i.e. gravel, sand soils are
suitable for aircraft construction.

Future development
Air traffic volume will continue to increase in
future,
More no. of runwaysprovided.
More no. of facilities for processing of
passengers, baggage and cargo.
Zoning laws implemented to prevent growth of
undesirable structures within the area.

Availability of utilities from town
Airport has to be provided withfacilities like :
water supply
Sewer
Telephone
electricity

Economic considerations
The estimate should be prepared for various
site that includes land cost, clearing and
grading of land, drainage, removal of hazards,
paving, turfing, lighting, construction of
buildings, access roads and automobile
parking areas.
Select from one of from above which is
economical for us.

Hanger
The primary function of hanger is to provide an

enclosure for servicing,
overhauling and
doing repairs of theaircrafts.

Suitable site for hanger
It should convenient road access from site to
apron, and terminal building.
Proximity to and easy installation of utilities e.g.
electricity, telephone, water supply and sewers
etc.
Reasonable proximitytotheloadingapron.
Sufficientcararea toprovide carparking
Favorable topography providing good natural
drainage.
Adequate sitearea for future expansion.
apron
It is paved area for parking of aircraft,
Loading and unloading of passengers and
cargo.
Usually located near to the terminal building or
hanger.

Cont..
Size of apron depends upon:
Size of loading area required for each type of
aircraft. This area is also known as gate
position.
No. of gate positions
Aircraft parking system.

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AIRCRAFT

Min turning radius

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg. Deptt. FoET, LU

Aircraft weight and wheel configuration

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Piston 250 to 750

Ram jet 1280 to 2400

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

A line is drawn through the axis of nose gear when it

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Piston engine aircraft under IFR =13 Km

Jet engine aircraft under IFR =80 Km

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Air speed: It is the speed of aircraft relative to the

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Layout and capacity depend on it.

It should be min as per as possible.

It is regulated by FAA (Federation Aviation

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Grading, drainage and soil characteristics

Availability of utilities from town

The site should fit for regional plan

Forming it an integral part of the national

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Selection is depend on type use whether for

In emergency civilian airports also used for

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

For airports serving small aviation aircraft under

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

For landing or take off, long clearance areas are

These structures are controlled by zoning laws.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

The site should be free from visibility reducing

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

The primary function of hanger is to provide an

doing repairs of theaircrafts.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

Gaurav Srivastava, Civil Engg.

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