MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
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Review Module 254-9967 (Cebu)
– Reinforced Concrete Design (Foundation)

NSCP 2001
415.3 LOADS AND REACTIONS 410.18 BEARING STRENGTH
415.3.1 Footings shall be proportioned to resist the factored loads and induced 410.18.1 Design bearing strength on concrete shall not exceed ø(0.85f’CA1),
reactions, in accordance with the appropriate design requirements of this code except when the supporting surface is wider on all sides than the loaded area,
and as provided in this section. design bearing strength on the loaded area shall be permitted to be multiplied
by √𝐴2 /𝐴1 but not more than 2.
415.3.2 Base area of footing or number and arrangement of piles shall be
determined from unfactored forces and moments transmitted by footing to soil
For Column:
or piles and permissible soil pressure of permissible pile capacity selected
𝑃𝐵 = 𝜙(0.85𝑓𝐶′ 𝐴1 )
through principles of soil mechanics.
For Footing:
𝑈𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 (𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿) 𝑃𝐵 = 𝜙(0.85𝑓𝐶′ 𝐴1 )√𝐴2 /𝐴1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒, 𝑞𝑒
𝑈𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 (𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿) NSCP 2015
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 =
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒
415.3.3 For footings on piles, computations for moments and shears may be
based on the assumption that the reaction from any pile is concentrated at pile
center.

415.4 FOOTINGS SUPPORTING CIRCULAR OR REGULAR SHAPED

POLYGONS
For location of critical sections for moment, shear and development of
reinforcement in footings, it shall be permitted to treat circular or regular
polygon-shaped concrete columns or pedestals as square members with the
same area.
413.2.7.1 Mu at the supported member shall be permitted to be calculated at
415.6 SHEAR IN FOOTINGS
the critical section defined in accordance with Table 413.2.7.1.
I. One-way Shear or Wide Beam Shear
1
𝑉𝐶 = √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 (411 − 3)
6
II. Two-way Shear or Punching Shear
For non-prestressed slabs and footings, VC shall be the smallest of:
1 2
𝑉𝐶 = (1 + ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑂 𝑑 (411 − 35)
6 𝛽𝐶
Where βC is the ratio of the long side to short side of the column, concentrated
load, or reaction area.
1 𝛼𝑆 𝑑
𝑉𝐶 = ( + 2) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑂 𝑑 (411 − 36)
12 𝑏𝑂
Where αS is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns, and 20 for corner
columns.
1
𝑉𝐶 = √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑂 𝑑 (411 − 37)
3
415.8 MINIMUM FOOTING DEPTH
Depth of footing above bottom reinforcement shall not be less than 150 mm
for footings on soil, or not less than 300 mm for footings on piles.

415.5 MOMENTS IN FOOTINGS

415.5.1 External moment on any section of a footing shall be determined by
passing a vertical plane through the footing and computing the moment of the
forces acting over the entire area of footing on one side of that vertical plane.
415.5.2 Maximum factored moment for an isolated footing shall be computed
as prescribed in Section 415.5.1 at critical sections located as follows:
1. At face of column, pedestal, or wall, for footings supporting a
concrete column, pedestal, or wall.
2. Halfway between middle and edge of wall, for footings supporting
a masonry wall.
3. Halfway between face of column and edge of steel base plate, for
footings supporting a column with steel base plate.
415.5.3 In one-way footings and two-way square footings, reinforcement shall
be distributed uniformly across entire width of the footing.
415.5.4 In two way rectangular footings, reinforcement shall be distributed as
follows:
415.5.4.1 Reinforcement in long direction shall be distributed uniformly across
entire width of footing.
415.5.4.2 For reinforcement in short direction, a portion of the total
reinforcement given by the equation below shall be distributed over a band
width (centered on centerline of column or pedestal) equal to the length of the
short side of the footing. Remainder of reinforcement required may be
distributed uniformly outside the center band of the footing.
𝐴𝑆𝐶 2
= (415 − 1)
𝐴𝑆 𝛽+1
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
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Review Module 254-9967 (Cebu)
– Reinforced Concrete Design (Foundation)

422.5 One-Way Shear Strength

422.6 Two-Way Shear Strength

422.6.1.4 Two-way shear shall be resisted by a section with a depth d and an
assumed critical perimeter bo as defined in Section 422.6.4.
422.6.2.1 For calculation of vc and vs for two-way shear, d shall be the average
of the effective depths in the two orthogonal directions.
422.6.4.1 For two-way shear, critical sections shall be located so that the
critical perimeter bo is a minimum but need not be closer than d/2 to (2) and
(b):
a. Edges or corners of columns, concentrated loads, or reaction areas;
b. Changes in slab or footing thickness, such as edges of capitals, drop panels,
or shear caps.
422.6.4.1.1 For square or rectangular columns, concentrated loads, or
reaction areas, critical sections for two-way shear in accordance with Section
422.6.4.1 (a) and (b) shall be permitted to be defined assuming straight edges.
422.6.4.1.2 For a circular or regular polygon-shaped column, critical sections
for two-way shear on accordance with Section 422.6.4.1 (a) and (b) shall be
permitted to be defined assuming a square column of equivalent area.

422.6.5.2 vc shall be calculated in accordance with Table 422.6.5.2.

Table 422.6.5.2
Calculation of vc for Two-way Shear

Note: β is the ratio of long side to short side of column, concentrated load, or
reaction area and αs is given in Section 422.6.5.3
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032)
Review Module 254-9967 (Cebu)
– Reinforced Concrete Design (Foundation)
422.6.5.3 The value of αs is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns, and 4. Determine the ultimate bending moment.
20 for corner columns. 5. Determine if the footing is safe from the three modes of failure

SITUATION 2. A square footing is to support a 400 mm x 400

mm column carrying 1500 kN live load and 1000 kN dead load.
The allowable soil pressure is 250 kPa. The bottom of the
footing is situated 1 m below the ground surface. Assume the
average unit weight of soil and concrete is 19 kN/m3. For footing,
use fc’ = 21 MPa and for column, use fc’ = 28 MPa. For all steel
bars, fy = 414 MPa.
1. Determine the dimensions of the footing.
2. Determine the effective depth of the footing.
3. Determine the number of 28 mm reinforcement.
4. Determine the number of 25 mm dowel at the base of column.

422.8 Bearing
422.8.3.2 Nominal bearing strength, Bn, shall be calculated in accordance with
Table 422.8.3.2, where A1 is the loaded area and A2 is the lower base of the
largest frustum of a pyramid, cone, or tapered wedge contained wholly within
the support and having its upper base equal to the loaded area. The sides of
the pyramid, cone, or tapered wedge shall be sloped 1 vertical to 2 horizontal.

Table 422.8.3.2
Nominal Bearing Strength

SITUATION 1. A column 450 mm x 450 mm square with fc’ =

28 MPa, reinforced with 10 – 25 mm bars with fy = 350 MPa is
supported by a 3 m x 3 m isolated spread footing. The column
carries a dead load of 1000 kN and a live load of 750 kN. The
allowable bearing pressure is 250 kPa. The base of the footing
is 1.5 m below the grade. Assume weight of soil is 16 kN/m 3.
The total depth of the footing is 600 mm with concrete cover of
75 mm.
1. Investigate the adequacy of the dimension of the footing.
2. Determine the wide beam shear stress at ultimate loads.
3. Determine the punching shear stress at ultimate loads.