Standard Specifications and Minimum Testing

CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS AND TESTING

Cagayan State University – Carig Campus
College of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
Engr. JOHN MICHAEL B. CASIBANG, CE, MST
Faculty, College of Engineering
Head, TWG-Infrastructure Projects, CSU -Carig Campus
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND
MINIMUM TESTING REQUIREMENTS
FOR SOIL AND SOIL AGGREGATES
ITEM 104 – EMBANKMENT
ITEM 105 – SUB GRADE PREPARATION
ITEM 200 – AGGREGATE SUB BASE COURSE
ITEM 201 – AGGREGATE BASE COURSE
Item 104- Embankment
DESCRIPTION
This Item shall consist of the construction of embankment in accordance

with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and
dimensions shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer.
MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS
Embankments shall be constructed of suitable materials, in consonance
with the following definitions:
Suitable Material – Material which is acceptable in accordance

with the Contract and which can be compacted in the manner
specified in this Item. It can be common material or rock.
Selected Borrow, for topping – soil of such gradation that all

particles will pass a sieve with 75 mm (3 inches) square openings
and not more than 15 mass percent will pass the 0.075 mm (No. 200)
sieve, as determined by AASHTO T 11. The material shall have a
plasticity index of not more than 6 as determined by ASSHTO
T 90 and a liquid limit of not more than 30 as determined by AASHTO T
89.
MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS
Unsuitable Material – Material other than suitable materials
such as:
(a) Materials containing detrimental quantities of organic
materials, such as grass, roots and sewerage.
(b) Organic soils such as peat and muck.
(c) Soils with liquid limit exceeding 80 and/or plasticity index
exceeding 55.
(d) Soils with a natural water content exceeding 100%.
(e) Soils with very low natural density, 800 kg/m3 or lower.
(f) Soils that cannot be properly compacted as determined
by the Engineer.
Preparation of Sample:
For Items 104 - EMBANKMENT
50 Kg. --------------- Quality Test ( minimum )
20 Kg --------------- Soil Classification
Method of Sampling :
Quartering or Mechanical Splitter
COMPACTION
The Contractor shall compact the
material placed in all embankment
layers and the material scarified to the
designated depth below subgrade in cut
sections, until a uniform density of not
less than 95 mass percent of the
maximum dry density determined by
AASHTO T 99 Method C, is attained, at
a moisture content determined by
Engineer to be suitable for such density.
SUMMARY
TESTS FOR ITEM 104-EMBANKMENT:
For every 1500 m³ of fraction thereof:

1 – G, Grading Test
1 – P, Plasticity Test (LL. PL. PI)
1 – C, Laboratory Compaction Test
For each 500m2 of each layer of compacted fill or fraction
thereof:
1 set = 3 FIELD DENSITY TEST (FDT). The layer shall be
placed not exceeding (200 mm in loose; 150mm compacted)
measurement or based on the result of compacted trials.
Item 105- SUB-GRADE PREPARATION
Description
This Item shall consist of the preparation of the subgrade for

the support of overlying structural layers. It shall extend to
full width of the roadway. Unless authorized by the
Engineer, subgrade preparation shall not be done unless
the Contractor is able to start immediately the construction
of the pavement structure.
Material Requirements
Unless otherwise stated in the Contract and except when

the subgrade is in rock cut, all materials below subgrade
level to a depth 150 mm or to such greater depth as may be
specified shall meet the requirements of Section 104.2,
Selected Borrow for Topping.
Item 105- SUB-GRADE PREPARATION
Subgrade on Embankment
After the embankment has been completed, the full

width shall be conditioned by removing any soft or other
unstable material that will not compacted properly. The
resulting areas and all other low sections, holes, or
depressions shall be brought to grade with suitable
material. The entire roadbed shall be shaped and
compacted to the requirements of Subsections 104.3.3.
Scarifying, blading, dragging, rolling, or other methods of
work shall be performed or used as necessary to provide a
thoroughly compacted roadbed shaped to the cross-
sections shown on the Plans.
Item 200 – AGGREGATE SUBBASE
COURSE
Description
The layers of specified or selected material of designed

thickness placed on a subgrade to support a base course.
Aggregate Sub-base shall consist of hard, durable particles

od fragments of crushed stone, crushed slag, or crushed of
natural gravel and filler of natural or crushed sand or other
finely divided mineral matter.
COURSE
Construction Requirements
Preparation of Existing Surface:
The existing surface shall be graded and finished as

provided under Item 105, Subgrade Preparation, before
placing the sub base material.
For Items 200 AND 201 – Aggregate Subbase And
Aggregate Base
COURSE
Liquid Limit : (AASHTO T 89)

The fraction passing 0.425 (#40) sieve shall have a
Liquid Limit of not greater than 35.
Plasticity Index: (AASHTO T 90)
The fraction passing 0.425 mm (#40) sieve shall have
a plasticity index (PI) of not greater than 12.
Abrasion Loss or Mass Percent Wear: (AASHTO T 96)
The coarse portion, retained on a 2.0 mm (#10) sieve
shall have a mass percent of wear not exceeding 50 by
the Los Angeles Abrasion Tests.
CBR Value: (AASHTO T 193)
The material shall have a soaked CBR value of not less
than 30%. This value shall obtained at the maximum
dry density (MDD) as determined by AASHTO T 180,
Method D)
SUMMARY
TESTS FOR ITEM 200-AGGREGATE SUBBASE

COURSE:
For each 500m2 of each layer of compacted fill or fraction
thereof:
1 set = 3 FIELD DESITY TEST. The maximum
compacted thickness of any layer shall not exceed 150 mm.
Item 201 – AGGREGATE BASE COURSE
Description
The layer of specified materials of designed thickness

placed on a subbase or subgrade to support a surface
course.
Aggregate for base course shall consist of hard, durable
particles or fragments of crushed stone, crushed slag or
crushed or natural gravel and filler of natural or crushed
sand or other finely divided mineral matter.
In some areas where the conventional base course
materials are scarce or non-available, the use of 40%
weathered limestone Blended with 60% crushed stones or
gravel shall be allowed, provided that the blended
materials meet the requirements of this Item.
COURSE
Construction Requirements
Preparation of Existing Surface:
The existing surface shall be graded and finished as

provided under Item 105, Subgrade Preparation, before
placing the sub base material.
For Items 200 AND 201 – Aggregate Subbase And
Aggregate Base
COURSE
Liquid Limit : (AASHTO T 89)

The fraction passing 0.425 (#40) sieve shall have a
Liquid Limit of not greater than 25.
Plasticity Index: (AASHTO T 90)
The fraction passing 0.425 mm (#40) sieve shall have
a plasticity index (PI) of not greater than 6.
Abrasion Loss or Mass Percent Wear: (AASHTO T 96)
The coarse portion, retained on a 2.0 mm (#10) sieve
shall have a mass percent of wear not exceeding 50 by
the Los Angeles Abrasion Tests.
CBR Value: (AASHTO T 193)
The material passing the 19 mm (3/4 in.) shall have a
soaked CBR value of not less than 80%. This value shall
obtained at the maximum dry density (MDD) as determined by
AASHTO T 180, Method D)
SUMMARY
TESTS FOR ITEM 201-AGGREGATE BASE COURSE:

1 – CBR, California Bearing Ratio Test
For each 500m2 of each layer of compacted fill or fraction thereof:
1 set = 3 FIELD DESITY TEST. The maximum compacted thickness
of any layer shall not exceed 150 mm.
For every 300 m³ of fraction thereof;
1 – Q, Quality Test for (Grading, Plasticity and Abrasion)
1 – C, Laboratory Compaction Test
REFERENCES:
• DPWH Blue Book Standard Specification Series 2013
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS FUTURE
CIVIL ENGINEERS!!!

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CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS AND TESTING

This Item shall consist of the construction of embankment in accordance

Suitable Material – Material which is acceptable in accordance

Selected Borrow, for topping – soil of such gradation that all

TESTS FOR ITEM 104-EMBANKMENT:

For every 1500 m³ of fraction thereof:

This Item shall consist of the preparation of the subgrade for

Unless otherwise stated in the Contract and except when

After the embankment has been completed, the full

The layers of specified or selected material of designed

Aggregate Sub-base shall consist of hard, durable particles

The existing surface shall be graded and finished as

Liquid Limit : (AASHTO T 89)

TESTS FOR ITEM 200-AGGREGATE SUBBASE

The layer of specified materials of designed thickness

The existing surface shall be graded and finished as

Liquid Limit : (AASHTO T 89)

TESTS FOR ITEM 201-AGGREGATE BASE COURSE:

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