Introdução Granitos X Granitóides
Introdução Granitos X Granitóides
Introdução Granitos X Granitóides
INTRODUÇÃO
Granitos x Granitóides
In addition to granite, intrusive rocks with over 20 vol% of quartz are commonly
referred to as ‘granitoids’, and they share many characteristics with granites sensu
stricto. Granitoids typically span silica contents from c. 58 wt% (tonalite) to 78 wt%
(alkali feldspar granite); more siliceous compositions correspond to altered rocks.
Granitos x Pluralidade
Despite this apparently simple mineralogy, granites are varied in terms of their
modal and chemical compositions, genesis and mode of occurrence. It was very soon
recognized that granite can be produced by different processes or combinations thereof,
even though the dispute on origin of granites is still ongoing.
The diversity of granites certainly echoes this diversity in processes, and the way
granites are described or classified by different authors does reflect as much their views
and opinions on granite formation as the actual range of rocks in existence - diversidade
na classificação.
Objetivo do artigo
The aim of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the main types of
modal and whole-rock geochemical classifications, discussing their advantages,
shortcomings and interrelations. Particular emphasis is on the link between the whole-
rock geochemistry and crystal chemistry of the main rock-forming minerals, and
between the modal and whole-rock geochemical compositions.
Explain how diverse classifications relate to or oppose each other, and how they
represent, more often than not, different attempts to depict the same underlying
petrochemical properties
2. O LINK ENTRE MINERALOGIA E ELEMENTOS PRINCIPAIS
Classificação QAP
Unfortunately, the QAP ternary diagram is of no use if the mineral mode cannot
be determined because of the texture (too fine-grained rock). Likewise, this technique is
problematic for rocks possessing a strong fabric or modal layering, or for strongly
porphyritic rocks when the size of a standard thin section clearly does not suffice
(Chayes 1954).
CIPW
One of the first attempts to describe igneous rocks through their chemical
compositions was the normative system designed by Cross, Iddings, Pirsson and
Washington (CIPW) (Cross et al. 1902). The standard mineral composition, called
norm, constitutes the basis for this nomenclature. The CIPW norm comprises
exclusively anhydrous minerals, and thus lacks micas and amphiboles, but includes
some phases not occurring in the granitic rocks. Therefore, for granitoids, the CIPW
norm tends to be different in many respects from the actual mode.
Existing schemes for granite classification can be, roughly, separated into three
families: classification/naming diagrams for individual samples; diagrams that show the
key geochemical properties (possibly also their evolution in time or space) of rocks/rock
suites and petrogenetic (or interpretative) diagrams.
The TAS diagram (Le Bas et al. 1986, 1992; Le Bas & Streckeisen 1991),
including its modifications for plutonic rocks (Cox et al. 1979; Middlemost 1985, 1994;
Bellieni et al. 1995), takes into account Only three major-element oxides (SiO2, Na2O
and K2O in wt%), while felsic minerals contain CaO in addition. In the standard TAS
diagram, the P vertex of the QAP triangle can be remapped by the anorthite–albite An5
segment and the A vertex by the K-feldspar–albite An0–albite An5 triangle (Fig. 1a).
In addition to the QAP triangle, it portrays the Yoder & Tilley (1962)
tetrahedron (Fig. 2a–b). Designed for both volcanic and plutonic (Fig. 2c) rocks, it
displays a curvilinear, instead of rectilinear, grid. In addition to its intrinsic complexity,
the major concern with the R1–R2 system is that K-feldspar and albite projection points
coincide, and granite, the most abundant rock in the crust, thus occupies a fairly
restricted área (Fig. 2c). This is in contrast to the less common silica-undersaturated
rocks that take up 75% of the available space, and for which the diagram is thus much
more suitable.
Diagrama P-Q
Fig. 3: Um esquema foi desenvolvido por Debon & Le Fort (1983, 1988). Seu
núcleo, o diagrama P-Q ('nomenclatura') (Fig. 3a-b), um equivalente químico do gráfico
QAP, é definido por Q (Si / 3 - (Na + K + 2 × Ca / 3)), uma medida da abundância de
quartzo, e P (K - (Na + Ca)), uma indicação da proporção de K-feldspato entre os
feldspatos.
Fig. 5: Debon & Le Fort (1983, 1988), além dos parâmetros Q e P, definiram
outros indicadores-chave. No diagrama B – A ('minerais característicos') (Fig. 5a), A
(Al - (Na + K + 2 × Ca)) mostra o equilíbrio do alumínio para Ca e álcalis (separando
rochas peraluminosas vs. metaluminosas, sendo assim análogo ao índice A / CNK de
Shand) e B (Fe + Mg + Ti) mede a deficiência. Uma subdivisão mais detalhada do
domínio peraluminoso pode ser obtida no gráfico B-A modificado de Villaseca et al.
(1998) (Fig. 5b).
Aluminosidade
Classificação de Barbarin
Os arcos de ilha típicos são ATG derivados do manto com ACG de origem crosta-
manto presumivelmente mista; os ACG também são mais característicos dos ambientes
de subducção continental.