ChemicalEngineering - Chemical Engineering December 2021
ChemicalEngineering - Chemical Engineering December 2021
ChemicalEngineering - Chemical Engineering December 2021
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.Departments
4 Editor’s Page Climate change on the world stage
As world leaders work on policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
technology advances toward making those goals a reality
17
112 Economic Indicators
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45 Hot Products
46 2022 Chemical Engineering Buyer’s Guide
109 Classified Ads
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2 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021
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A
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DOROTHY LOZOWSKI
Editorial Director
dzaborski@meritdirect.com t the time of this writing, COP26 is underway in Glasgow,
dlozowski@chemengonline.com ART & DESIGN Scotland. COP26 is the 26th Conference of the Parties to the
GERALD ONDREY (FRANKFURT) TARA BEKMAN United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Senior Editor Graphic Designer
gondrey@chemengonline.com tzaino@accessintel.com Since the start of the first COP in 1995, climate change has
PRODUCTION
evolved into a more urgent global priority. In 2015, a milestone was
SCOTT JENKINS
Senior Editor
GEORGE SEVERINE
reached at COP21 when over 190 countries adopted the Paris Agree-
sjenkins@chemengonline.com Production Manager ment and committed to lower greenhouse gas emissions in order to
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about 80% of all anthropogenic U.S. GHG emissions in 2019.
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And while CH4 emissions accounted for only 10% of those emis-
JOHN CARSON JOHN HOLLMANN sions, methane is more efficient at trapping radiation and is estimated
Jenike & Johanson, Inc. Validation Estimating LLC to have about a 25 times higher impact than CO2 on a weight basis
DAVID DICKEY HENRY KISTER over a 100-yr period. The Global Methane Pledge, first proposed in
MixTech, Inc. Fluor Corp.
September and strengthened by an announcement of a global part-
nership at COP26, aims to reduce CH4 emissions by 30% from 2020
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ACCESS INTELLIGENCE, LLC emissions are also being pursued. Two such advances are detailed
DON PAZOUR JONATHAN RAY on p. 5 of this issue.
Chief Executive Officer Vice President, Digital
Countless activities supporting emissions reductions are underway
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Chief Operating Officer
MICHAEL KRAUS
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in the scientific community. Challenges and advances in column use
Production, Digital Media & Design for carbon capture, for example, are outlined in our
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& Chief Financial Officer Senior Director, Financial Planning
& Analysis
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4 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021
Chementator
Structured catalyst improves efficiency and Edited by:
Gerald Ondrey
hydrogen yields in SMR . . .
C
ommissioning has begun on a pilot The ZoneFlow structured catalyst (photo) FLOW BATTERY
plant designed to demonstrate the features precisely engineered flow channels Honeywell Inc. (Charlotte,
effectiveness of a structured cata- in its outer casing that are designed to force N.C.; www.honeywell.
lyst module for steam-methane the methane to contact the tube wall while com) introduced a new
reforming (SMR) that solves the main heat- minimizing pressure drop. The geometry flow-battery technology
transfer inefficiencies associated with the of its support structure keeps the catalyst- that employs a proprie-
tary electrolyte to provide
conventional process. The structured cata- coated casing in continuous contact with
reliable extended-dura-
lyst technology improves the efficiency of the tube wall despite tube creep, eliminat- tion energy storage — up
SMR and increases the hydrogen produced. ing bypass, Boisture comments. “In testing, to 12 h compared to lith-
Steam reforming of methane — an en- heat-transfer efficiency was improved by ium-ion batteries’ (LIBs)
dothermic reaction typically carried out in 100% while maintaining the same pressure 4 h. “The flow battery
multi-tube, fixed-bed reactors filled with drop,” Boisture says, which translates into uses a non-flammable,
catalyst-laden ceramic pellets — is subject an expected 15% higher throughput com- water-based electrolyte
to heat-transfer inefficiencies due to the size pared to conventional catalyst systems. and will not succumb to
and random placement of the pellets. ZoneFlow’s pilot plant, located at the Uni- failure mechanisms like
“Heat transfer in SMR reactors depends versité Catholique de Louvain (Belgium), is thermal runaway, unlike
LIBs, which rely upon or-
in large measure on feed gas impinging the undergoing final commissioning now, and the
ganic electrolytes,” says
boundary layer of fluid at the tube wall,” plant will start up by the end of 2021. Pilot Roopa Shortt, business
explains Bruce Boisture, president and co- testing results are expected in mid-2022. In development director,
founder of ZoneFlow Reactor Technologies, early November, ZoneFlow announced a joint Honeywell Sustainable
LLC (Windsor, Conn.; www.zoneflowtech. development agreement with Honeywell UOP Technology Solutions.
com), the developer of the new SMR tech- (Des Plaines, Ill.; The battery operates
nology. “But that heat-transfer mechanism www.uop.com) by reducing and oxidiz-
is not optimized in the reactor tubes be- to develop and ing active species in the
cause of the random packing of the pellets commercialize aqueous electrolyte upon
in the reactor and their relatively large size the technology. charge and discharge of
the battery. “We have de-
(a concession to durability concerns) in rela- Honeywell says
veloped ways to improve
tion to the diameter of the reactor tube. The the ZoneFlow the speed and electrical
result is a random gas-flow pattern within reactor tech- efficiency of both charg-
the reactor, sub-optimal heat transfer into nology allows ing and discharging to
the reactor and pressure drop across the capital savings ZoneFlow Reactor Technologies ensure stability across
reactor, and a significant amount of meth- for new SMR thousands of cycles. We
ane that can ‘bypass’ the catalyst along the plants and higher productivity for existing have also optimized our
tube walls. This high-temperature, but un- plants, and the opportunity to reduce steam design to take advantage
reacted methane can cause coke buildup requirements for SMR will reduce energy de- of lower-cost materials
on the pellets.” mand and CO2 emissions. (Continues on p. 6)
M
eanwhile, a collaboration between Clariant nip Energies, comprises a concentric tubular assem-
Catalysts (Munich, Germany; www.clariant. bly in the SMR with a structured catalyst loaded in the
com/catalysts) and Technip Energies N.V. outer annular space. The proprietary geometric layout,
(Zoetermeer, the Netherlands; www.technip in combination with highly active, stable and mechani-
energies.com) has led to SMR technology that is said cally robust catalyst — jointly developed by Clariant and
to achieve higher throughput and heat recovery in Technip Energies — offers low pressure drop, maximum
SMR. Technip Energies’ Enhanced Annular Reforming activity and heat transfer, despite the thermal and me-
Tube for Hydrogen (Earth) technology is designed as a chanical stress of the reforming process and the re-
drop-in solution, thus it is well suited to both existing duced volume of the Earth catalyst bed.
and new reformer tubes. It is already in operation in the While traditional SMR technologies degrade high-grade
Akkim hydrogen (HyCO) plant in Turkey since January process heat to generate high-pressure steam, Earth of-
2019, which shows excellent and stable performance, fers the possibility to utilize this heat to produce additional
20% less CO2 emissions and nearly 40% lower fos- H2 or to reduce the firing duty of the reformer, thus saving
sil fuel consumption — all at equal H2 and CO output, energy (and operating costs), according to Technip Ener-
says Clariant. Clariant and Technip Energies have also gies. Steam export can be reduced by 50%, compared
been awarded two further contracts for Earth: a 21,000- to conventional technology, the company says.
Nm3/h H2 plant for Repsol, which will start up in Feb- “[Earth] is a key technology of our BlueH2 by T.EN suite
ruary 2023 in Cartagena, Spain; and a second for an of solutions to achieve more sustainable hydrogen and
upgrade of an existing European H2 plant. syngas production the market has been seeking,” says
Earth technology, developed and patented by Tech- Stan Knez, chief technology officer at Technip Energies.
H
kWh unit to Duke Energy.
RS Heat Exchangers Ltd. (Watford, tated salts are removed from this saturated so-
U.K.; www.hrs-heatexchangers.com) lution using wind-aided intensified evaporation
NAPHTHA CRACKER was recently awarded an order for the (WAIE), providing a true zero-liquid discharge
In October, Coolbrook Oy (Hel- design, manufacture and installation solution that converts the environmentally un-
sinki, Finland; www.coolbrook.
of a mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) friendly brine into clean water for irrigation, fer-
fi) and its partners started
construction at Brightlands
evaporation system for LIFE Desirows (lifede- tilizer and salts for industrial use.
Chemelot Campus in Geleen, sirows.eu) — a three-year, €1.6-million proj- MVR evaporation is said to be one of the
the Netherlands where the ect funded under the E.U.’s LIFE19 program. most economical ways of concentrating waste
world’s first electric steam LIFE Desirows, which involves a consortium of streams and does not require a thermal energy
cracker will be tested and fur- companies and the Polytechnic University of source. The electrical energy needed to drive
ther perfected towards com- Cartagena (UPCT; Spain; www.upct.es), aims the MVR compressor is supplied by photovol-
mercialization. As part of the to demonstrate a circular economy, zero-liquid taic solar panels. The evaporation module uses
preparations for this pilot, air discharge (ZLD) project to improve water qual- HRS corrugated-tube technology. The corru-
tests will take place in Finland ity in the Murcia region of Spain. gated tubes generate extra product turbulence,
before the end of this year
The consortium has developed a process which provides enhanced heat transfer and also
with the patented Rotor Dy-
namic Reactor (RDR) technol-
(diagram) that removes nutrients and sepa- delays heat exchanger fouling.
ogy (Chem. Eng., May 2017, rates different salts from ag-
12 m3/d
p. 9). The pilot at Brightlands ricultural brine, so that they LEGEND
Chemelot Campus will be fully can be used as fertilizers. 1 RO st
Filtration Line of concentrated brines
operational in April 2022, after First, a double reverse-os- Groundwater plant Reverse 3
9 m /d
Line of distilled/permeated flow
which the technology can be mosis (RO) process gener- osmosis Line of evaporated flow
3 m3/d
applied on a commercial scale ates a second brine, which
MBBR
in the near future. then undergoes denitrifica-
Denitrification
processes
Shell endorses the value of this tion and chemical precipita- 0.54 m3/d
technology by joining as an in- 0.3 m3/d 0.36 m3/d
tion processes to remove 2 RO nd Ultrafiltration
dustry partner for the pilot proj- Osmosis process
N
over €5.5 million in subsidy
from the Ministry of Economic ewly launched catalyst technology, ant explains, catalysts with moderate activity
Affairs and Climate Policy to en- developed through a collaboration are loaded in hotter zones of the converter
able this pilot to be carried out between Clariant (Muttenz, Switzer- to prevent hotspots, while activity-enhanced
on an industrial scale. land; www.clariant.com) and Air Liq- catalysts are placed further down the reaction
uide Engineering & Construction (Frankfurt am pathway to intensify reaction rates in the lower
NEW ALLOY Main, Germany; www.engineering-airliquide. portion of the converter.
Sandvik Materials Technology com) and designed for methanol (MeOH) pro- “On the one hand, less thermal stress on cat-
AB (Sandviken, Sweden; www. duction, is capable of boosting cumulative alysts will lead to longer catalyst lifetimes. On
materials.sandvik) recently re- MeOH yields by up to 15% and extending the other hand, high activity in the bottom part
ceived the first-ever contract
catalyst lifetimes by up to two years. Officially of the reactor will increase reaction rates and
from a renewable diesel plant
for its Sanicro 28 high-alloy
launched in October, the technology is known reduce byproduct formation by up to 10%,”
austenitic stainless steel. The as MegaZonE, a play on the name of the Clari- explains Stefan Heuser, senior vice president
reference order is for the use ant catalyst material on which it based — Me- and general manager at Clariant Catalysts (Mu-
of Sanicro 28 in the reactor gaMax, a series of copper-oxide/zinc-oxide/ nich, Germany).
effluent-air coolers (REAC) of alumina catalysts used for synthesizing MeOH “MegaZonE is a game-changing technol-
the hydroprocessing unit at one from synthesis gas (CO and H2). ogy that will increase customers’ profits,” says
of the largest renewable diesel Methanol synthesis typically occurs within Heuser. “It enables more compact, resilient and
refineries in the U.S. Gulf Coast, a fixed-bed reactor, and MegaZonE uses longer-lasting designs, and is an example of
due to start production in 2023. several layers of catalyst material within the Clariant’s close collaboration with our partner Air
Sanicro 28 is a multi-purpose
reactor that have differing activity levels. Be- Liquide Engineering and Construction,” he adds.
austenitic stainless steel for
service in extremely corrosive
cause each catalyst layer is tailored to the MegaZonE was successfully applied to two
conditions. It was originally specific reaction conditions along the reac- world-scale methanol plants in Asia this year,
developed for the fertilizer in- tion pathway, the layers optimize heat man- and is showing excellent and stable perfor-
agement and catalyst performance. As Clari- mance, according to Heuser.
(Continues on p. 8)
6 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021
Size
Matters.
With enormous engineering
and manufacturing resources
— 5 plants in the U.S., 3 in China
and 1 in India — Ross can handle
the largest mixing challenges
imaginable. And deliver
anywhere in the world.
L
dustry and has been successfully used in
the upstream oil-and-gas industry for many ast month, the Pennsylvania ration mechanisms, materials and pro-
years. It offers excellent resistance to pitting State University (Penn State; Uni- cesses to recover valuable resources,
corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking in
versity Park, Pa.; www.psu.edu), including rare earth elements, fertilizers
high-chloride-bearing environments, mak-
ing it an effective alternative to high-nickel
Case Western Reserve Univer- and clean water, from waste streams of
alloys, such as alloy 825. sity (Cleveland Ohio; www.case.edu) the fertilizer industry, paving the way for
The alloy’s breakthrough into renewable and Clemson University (S.C.; www. a sustainable domestic supply of rare
energy comes after two years of intense clemson.edu) received a $1.7-million earth elements and a sustainable agri-
data generation that demonstrates Sanicro National Science Foundation grant for culture sector.”
28 also offers the corrosion and mechanical a four-year project to recover rare earth To harvest the REEs trapped in phos-
properties needed for the refining industry. elements (REEs) from phosphogypsum. phogypsum, the researchers propose
Phosphogypsum is formed when a multistage process using engineered
MECHANICAL ROUTE TO CLINKER phosphate rock is processed into fertil- peptides capable of precisely identify-
Portland cement — the binder used in con- izer, and contains small amounts of nat- ing and separating out the rare earth
crete — contains ground cement clinker urally occurring radioactive elements, elements through a specialized mem-
(calcium silicates and aluminates) that is such as uranium and thorium. Because brane. “Individual rare earth elements
produced by the high-temperature calcina- of this radioactivity, the byproduct is have similar sizes and identical formal
tion of limestone and other components.
stored indefinitely, and improper stor- charges, so traditional membrane sep-
This energy-intensive process generates
one ton of CO2 for every ton of cement pro-
age can contaminate soil, water and aration mechanisms are insufficient,”
duced. As a result, cement production is the atmosphere. “Today, an estimated Greenlee says. “A key technical goal of
said to account for approximately 8% (or 200,000 tons of rare earth elements are this research is to discover the mecha-
2.7 billion ton/yr) of anthropogenic CO2 trapped in unprocessed phosphogyp- nisms that underpin peptide-ion selec-
emissions worldwide. sum waste in Florida alone,” according tivity and leverage those mechanisms
In a new study to find “greener” routes to ce- to Lauren Greenlee, associate profes- to design a new class of highly selective
ment production, chemists at the Johannes sor of chemical engineering and leader membranes.” Researchers from Case
Gutenberg University Mainz (Germany; www. of the Penn State effort along with co- Western will develop the engineered
uni-mainz.de) have developed a method that principal investigator Rui Shi, assistant peptides, guided by computational
produces cement clinker using ball mills at
professor of chemical engineering. modeling work performed at Clemson.
ambient temperature, instead of using cal-
cination kilns operating at 1,000–1,500°C.
“This source of rare earth elements is The proposed project will also com-
Although the process is still in its infancy and presently untapped due to challenges plement other Penn State research, in-
limited to the laboratory scale, the method associated with radioactive species cluding work using naturally occurring
has the potential to drastically reduce CO2 and the difficulty of separating the indi- protein molecules to extract grouped
emission from cement production. vidual elements,” she says. “The vision rare earth elements from other industrial
In the process, which is described in Ad- for this project is to discover new sepa- waste sources (see next story).
vanced Functional Materials published last
month, the raw lime (CaCO3) is no longer . . . and from unconventional sources
converted into burnt lime in coal-fired kilns,
I
but is simply milled with solid sodium sili-
n October, researchers from Penn times better at binding to REEs than to
cate (Na2SiO3). This milling step produces
an “activated” intermediate that contains
State and the Lawrence Livermore other metals. The protein is first immo-
the constituents of the cement in uniform National Laboratory (LLNL; Calif.; bilized onto tiny beads within a column
distribution. When reacted with sodium hy- www.llnl.gov) described — in an ar- to which the liquid source material is
droxide solution, a product is formed that is ticle published in ACS Central Science added. The protein then binds to the
structurally similar to the calcium silicate hy- — a new method that improves the REEs in the sample, which allows only
drates. The formation of the cement paste extraction and separation of rare earth the rare earths to be retained in the col-
and the setting with water proceed via a elements (REEs) from unconventional umn and the remaining liquid drained
complex reaction cascade. The reaction sources, including industrial waste, off. Then, by changing the conditions
mechanism for the multistep salt metath- such as mine tailings and electronic (for example, by changing the pH or
esis reaction were elucidated using x-ray
waste. “In this study, we demonstrate a adding additional ingredients), the met-
and other analytical methods, in collabo-
ration with researchers from the Gottfried
promising new method using a natural als can be released from the protein
Wilhelm Leibniz University (Hannover) and protein that could be scaled up to ex- for recovery. By carefully changing the
the Technical University of Darmstadt. tract and separate rare earth elements conditions in sequence, REEs could be
The researchers roughly estimate that the from low-grade sources, including in- selectively separated.
mechanical energy needed for the milling pro- dustrial wastes,” according to Joseph The researchers first demonstrated
cess (120 kWh/ton) is approximately 10% of Cotruvo Jr., assistant professor and that the method is “exceptionally good”
the energy needed for the calcination process. Louis Martarano Career Development at separating the REEs from other met-
Professor of Chemistry at Penn State, als. They were also able to separate
NEW YEAST a member of Penn State’s Center for yttrium from neodymium — both abun-
Novozymes North America Inc. (Franklinton, Critical Minerals, and co-corresponding dant in primary rare-earth deposits and
N.C.; www.novozymes.com) has recently author of the study. coal byproducts — with greater than
introduced Innova Quantum, a new addition The new method takes advantage 99% purity; and neodymium from dys-
to its Innova yeast platform. With the new of a bacterial protein called lanmodulin prosium with greater than 99.9% purity
yeast, producers can increase ethanol yield
(LanM), previously discovered by the in just one or two cycles, depending on
by 2–3% compared to predecessor Innova
research team, that is almost a billion the initial metal composition.
(Continues on p. 9)
8 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021
Waste-based ceramics improve Force. For a 100-million-
energy-storage economics
C
gal/yr plant, this translates
eramic materials’ high heat resis- industrial source and geography, meaning to an additional $1–2 mil-
lion in revenue, says No-
tance makes them a promising that we have to readjust our process and
vozymes. Designed to
media for thermal energy storage, formulation and tune the firing temperature operate in fermentations
but their high costs have inhibited before launching production,” explains Cal- >60 h, Quantum with
their widespread use for this application. vet. These proprietary analyses take place new strain development
Now, a new technology offered by Seramic in Seramic Materials’ dedicated laboratory, is capable of convert-
Materials Ltd. (Masdar City, U.A.E.; www. where characteristics such as water ab- ing the most sugar to
seramic.eco) can efficiently convert a wide sorption and compression resistance are ethanol while significantly
range of industrial solid waste materials, precisely tuned to optimize product formu- lowering fermentation by-
such as steel slag and incinerator ash, into lation. Since the main production process products such as glycerol
ceramic products used for energy storage uses conventional equipment, Seramic up to 40% — all without
the trade-off and risk of
and construction. “On average, our prod- Materials is partnering with existing ceram-
robustness loss experi-
ucts are up to 50% cheaper than conven- ics factories to utilize their facilities during enced with competing
tional ceramics, and the carbon footprint periods of inactivity, which significantly low- yeasts. And, Quantum
can be reduced by up to 60% when com- ers capital expenditures. expands plant flexibility
pared to materials like alumina, which re- The company has recently commercial- by fermenting to ethanol
quire energy-intensive extraction and trans- ized a technical ceramic product called concentrations of more
port of bauxite raw materials. We replace ReThink Seramic — Flora, which can reach than 16% w/v, while elimi-
those with locally generated wastes that are temperatures as high as 1,250°C, making nating the need for expen-
always available,” says Nicolas Calvet, CEO it ideal for use in concentrated solar-power sive nutritional supple-
of Seramic Materials. (CSP) installations. Seramic Materials has ments, says Novozyme.
The key to Seramic Materials’ technol- manufactured 30 tons of Flora at a plant in
ogy is a patented method of mixing differ- Europe, and projects deploying the material PHOTOSENSITIZER
ent waste streams and fine-tuning process are in development in Spain and the U.S. Researchers from the
characteristics to yield a specific end- Work is also underway for a workshop in Tokyo Institute of Tech-
nology (Tokyo Tech;
product formulation. “There is great vari- Abu Dhabi to produce 20,000 m2/yr of sus-
ability in the waste composition, based on tainable architectural tiles. (Continues on p. 10)
CHEMCAD process
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wavelength range of the visible
ltrasound treatment is a non- 360-deg, CSR-based ultrasonic coverage
spectrum. When combined with
a ruthenium (II) catalyst, the com-
chemical method to control algae in ponds, reservoirs and clarifier tanks.
plex enables the direct reduction using specific sound frequencies “When you emit frequencies at an ob-
of CO2 into formic acid. emitted through water to cause ject’s CSR, the object begins to vibrate,
Although Ru complexes are internal damage to polluting algae cells. and if the frequency is strong enough, the
commonly used redox photo- Most previous work in the area of ultra- object can damage itself with shearing vi-
sensitizers, they do not absorb sonic algae control has focused on very bration,” explains George Hutchinson, chief
visible light, whereas alternative loud emitted frequencies to create cavita- technology officer and vice president of op-
panchromatic complexes can- tion bubbles that damage the algae cells, erations at Sonic Solutions Algae Control.
not also be used for photoredox but a new line of products from Sonic A benefit of CSR-based control over cavi-
reactions because the lifetimes
Solutions Algae Control LLC (Northamp- tation is lower power consumption and lon-
of their excited states are too
short. The Tokyo Tech combina-
ton, Mass.; www.sonicsolutionsllc.com) ger distance coverage. “To use cavitation
tion, described in a recent issue and WaterIQ Technologies (Wilson, Wyo.; to damage algae several hundred meters
of Chemical Science, overcomes www.wateriqtech.com) emits over 2,000 away, the device has to create almost an
both hurdles. The osmium com- different frequencies on two bandwidths explosive surge to create cavitation at that
plex absorbs all wavelengths in to take advantage of critical structural distance. Our devices stay well below the
the visible spectrum, and the resonance (CSR)‚ the specific frequency cavitation threshold,” says Hutchinson.
excited state has a sufficiently that ruptures the vesicles within algae cell Furthermore, the wide range of fre-
long lifetime (40 ns) for initiating walls. The damaged algae cells lose their quencies emitted by the devices enable
electron-transfer processes re- buoyancy or have torn inner cell walls, them to mitigate over 90% of different
quired for reduction.
causing them to naturally decompose due algae species encountered in wastewater
When irradiating the combina-
tion with 770-nm light, the sys-
to lack of sunlight or damaged functions. treatment plants, agricultural farms and
tem photocatalytically reduced Launched in October at Weftec, The Pul- more. The key to tapping into so many
CO2 into formic acid with good sar 4000 and 3000 models are said to be frequencies is a specially designed piezo
reaction turnover numbers. ❐ the only devices on the market to provide transducer head and microprocessor. n
Change the
QUAT
status quo
with Tired of the trade-offs
associated with
traditional disinfectants?
EASTMAN
ALPLA starts up HDPE ADM and Gevo join forces to produce
recycling plant in Mexico renewable fuels in the U.S. ECOLAB
November 11, 2021 — ALPLA Group (Hard, October 28, 2021 — Archer-Daniels-Midland ELKEM
Austria; www.alpla.com) has opened a new Co. (ADM; Chicago; www.adm.com) and Gevo,
recycling plant for high-density polyethylene Inc. (Englewood, Colo.; www.gevo.com) have ENTEGRIS
(HDPE) plastic in Toluca, Mexico. The facility signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) EVONIK
is currently designed for a capacity of 15,000 to support the production of both ethanol and
isobutanol that would then be transformed FLINT HILLS
metric tons per year (m.t./yr) of recycled HDPE
into renewable hydrocarbons, including RESOURCES
(rHDPE) in pellet form, and the company has
announced plans to double the annual regrind sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), using Gevo’s GEVO
production capacity to 30,000 m.t./yr in the processing technology and capabilities. About
900 million gal of ethanol produced at ADM’s HONEYWELL
second half of 2022. The investment in the
new plant was around €20 million. facilities in Columbus, Neb., Cedar Rapids, INVISTA
Iowa and Decatur, Ill., are expected to be
LANXESS
Honeywell commercializes new recycling processed utilizing Gevo technology, resulting
technology, will build plant in Spain in production of approximately 500 million gal of MBCC GROUP
November 3, 2021 — Honeywell International renewable hydrocarbons. NOURYON
Inc. (Charlotte, N.C.; www.honeywell.com) has
launched a new chemical recycling technology Albemarle to build two new lithium- SIKA
for plastic waste, and will commercialize this conversion plants in China SYNTHOMER
technology at a new plant in Spain. Honeywell October 22, 2021 — Albemarle Corp. (Charlotte,
and engineering firm Sacyr S.A. (Madrid, Spain; N.C.; www.albemarle.com) has signed
www.sacyr.com) will jointly co-own and operate agreements to move forward with its design,
the facility in Andalucía with a capacity to engineering and permitting plans to expand
transform 30,000 m.t./yr of mixed waste plastics lithium-conversion capacity at the Yangtze River
into recycled polymer feedstock. Production International Chemical Industrial Park in the
is expected to begin in 2023. Zhangjiagang Free Trade Zone (Jiangsu province)
and the Pengshan Economic Development
Nouryon to increase colloidal silica Park in the Pengshan District (Sichuan province).
manufacturing plant in Wisconsin Albemarle will build a conversion plant at
November 2, 2021 — Nouryon (Amsterdam, both sites, each of which has planned
the Netherlands; www.nouryon.com) plans production capacity initially targeting
to expand production capacity at its Levasil 50,000 m.t./yr of lithium hydroxide. It is expected
colloidal-silica manufacturing facility in Green that these plants would start construction
Bay, Wis. to meet increasing demand from during 2022 and complete construction by
the construction and packaging markets. the end of 2024.
Construction of the facility expansion is planned
to be finalized in the second half of 2022. Mergers & Acquisitions
Sika to acquire MBCC Group
Elkem to expand specialty-silicone for €5.2 billion
production plant in France November 11, 2021 — Sika AG (Baar,
October 27, 2021 — Elkem ASA (Oslo, Norway; Switzerland; www.sika.com) has signed
www.elkem.com) will invest around €36 million to a definitive agreement to acquire MBCC
upgrade and debottleneck its specialty-silicone Group (Mannheim, Germany; www.mbcc-
upstream plant in Roussillon, France, resulting group.com), the former BASF Construction
in a 20,000-m.t./yr capacity expansion. This Chemicals business, from a global private
brings the site’s capacity to 100,000 m.t./yr of equity firm, for a consideration of €5.2 billion
effective silicone intermediates for end uses ($5.96 billion). MBCC Group is active in the
including semiconductors, 3D printing and field of construction systems and admixture Look for more
medical devices. The expansion is anticipated systems and has more than 130 production latest news on
to come online during the third quarter of 2023. facilities in over 60 countries. chemengonline.com
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021 11
Lanxess to separate High billion. Rogers specializes in engineered com) entered into a definitive agreement
Performance Materials business materials, including high-frequency circuit to sell its adhesives resins assets and
November 11, 2021 — Lanxess AG materials, ceramic substrates and high- business to Synthomer Plc (London, U.K.;
(Cologne, Germany; www.lanxess. performance foams. The transaction www.synthomer.com). The $1-billion
com) will transfer its High Performance is expected to close in the second sale consists of several product lines,
Materials (HPM) business unit to an quarter of 2022. Rogers operates a including: hydrocarbon resins, pure
independent legal corporate structure. global network of 14 manufacturing monomer resins, polyolefin polymers,
With 14 sites worldwide, HPM is a sites in North America, Europe and rosins and dispersions and oleochemical
supplier of high-performance plastics Asia. DuPont also plans to divest a and fatty-acid resins. The business is
that are used primarily in the automotive, significant portion of assets from its currently part of Eastman’s Additives
electrical and electronics industries. Mobility & Materials division. & Functional Products segment.
Flint Hills Resources transfers its Ecolab to acquire ion-exchange BASF to sell Precision
propylene business to Invista resin manufacturer Purolite Microchemicals business
November 9, 2021 — Flint Hills October 29, 2021 — Ecolab Inc. October 27, 2021 — Entegris, Inc.
Resources, LLC (Wichita, Kan.; www. (St. Paul, Minn.; www.ecolab.com) (Billerica, Mass.; www.entegris.
fhr.com) will transfer its propylene will acquire Purolite (King of Prussia, com) and BASF SE (Ludwigshafen,
business to Invista (Wichita, Kan.; www. Pa.; www.purolite.com), a provider Germany; www.basf.com) have signed
invista.com). The move includes Flint of ion-exchange resins for separation an agreement for the sale of BASF’s
Hills Resources’ chemical facilities in and purification applications in many Precision Microchemicals business to
Houston and Longview, Tex. industrial sectors, including life sciences, Entegris for $90 million. The Precision
microelectronics, nuclear power and Microchemicals business is part of
DuPont to acquire food and beverage. The acquisition is BASF’s Coatings division, operating
Rogers Corp. for $5.2 billion valued at approximately $3.7 billion. under the Chemetall brand. It focuses on
November 2, 2021 — DuPont high-purity materials, including cleaning
(Wilmington, Del.; www.dupont.com) Eastman to sell adhesives resins chemistries and chemical mechanical
has entered into a definitive agreement business to Synthomer planarization slurries used in machining
to acquire Rogers Corp. (Chandler, October 28, 2021 — Eastman Chemical and surface conditioning. ■
Ariz.; www.rogerscorp.com) for $5.2 Co. (Kingsport, Tenn.; www.eastman. Mary Page Bailey
0
BATCH 1 BATCH 2 BATCH 3
T
oday’s economic and envi- plete system, Often, we find other ciency. Likewise, SEMV mini-valve
ronmental pressures have considerations, like inlet piping or trays are high-performance internals
chemical processors look- feed arrangement, can affect the per- that can improve both capacity and
ing into projects that will help formance of the tower, so it should efficiency by breaking vapor jets and
them achieve more throughput from be looked at as a system to provide a providing better vapor-liquid con-
existing columns while also reducing comprehensive solution with a holis- tact, says Rafienia.
energy use. New high-performance tic approach.” Koch’s Nieuwoudt adds that the
trays and packings can certainly help drive to increase column perfor-
increase capacity and efficiency of High-performing trays/packings mance has led to improvements
the tower. However, it is a holistic ap- If a tower is underperforming due in trays and packings that allow
proach to the system and all the inter- to the use of conventional trays and increases to both capacity and ef-
nals that yields the greatest benefits. packings or if a processor wants ficiency in existing columns. For ex-
“Processors are always trying to to improve capacity or efficiency of ample, the company’s new Flexipro
maximize utilization of their assets, existing equipment, a move to high- valve trays offer improved capacity
meaning they want to get maximum performance trays and packings can and efficiency, enhanced push and
throughput while maintaining or im- indeed enhance performance. sweeping of the tray deck, which
proving product quality and also “In the recent economy, we have leads to improved fouling resistance
being cognizant of their carbon foot- seen a lot of projects put on hold and higher turndown ratio with no
print, making energy utilization of the due to capital, logistical and mate- increase in pressure drop. This situ-
column very important,” says Izak rial issues, and processors are try- ation opens opportunities for re-
Nieuwoudt, chief technology advi- ing to get more capacity and higher vamps and new vessels. The valve
sor with Koch Engineered Solutions efficiencies from existing columns,” trays extend the operating range of
(Wichita, Kan.; www.kochind.com). says Moize Turkey, technology di- fixed valves to levels close to those
“It may seem like looking for the Holy rector with Amacs. “In these cases, of movable valves, while maintain-
Grail, but it is possible to achieve.” high-performance internals can ing the performance and reliability of
For this reason, continues Nieu- boost the performance.” fixed valves.
woudt, there is a constant drive to For instance, the most recent Mark Pilling, manager of technol-
improve column internals, leading generation of Amacs’ Superblend ogy with Sulzer Chemtech USA
to some significant improvements in ASB high performance random (Tulsa, Okla.; www.sulzer.com),
trays and packings, but also to other packing (Figure 1) provides supe- agrees that newer technologies can
column internals, as well. “For in- rior performance when compared help achieve both capacity and ef-
stance, a high-performance packing to previous packing generations ficiency improvements. “Our UFM
might yield even better results if it is in terms of both capacity and effi- valve trays offer a robust design that
paired with improved liquid distribu- works over a variety of operating
tors,” he says. conditions and consistently provides
Babak Rafienia, mass-transfer high efficiency. They were designed
technology manager with Amacs using computational fluid dynamics
(Houston; www.amacs.com) as- (CFD) to ensure ideal mixing between
serts: “Looking at a tray or packing the vapor and liquid on the tray deck
alone isn’t the only way to find better to maximize efficiency while simulta-
throughput and efficiency. We have neously increasing capacity,” he says
seen many applications that need (Figure 2).
higher throughput and, while replac- AMACS
ing conventional trays and packings FIGURE 1. Amacs’ fourth-generation high-perfor- Taking a holistic approach
with high-performance components mance Superblend ABS packing is a combination Often, the problem with underper-
of various packing sizes, which provides the effi-
can help, better results are always ciency of the smaller and the capacity of the larger forming columns is that existing tow-
achieved when you look at the com- packing to provide enhanced benefits ers are being pushed too far, which
Size Reduction
Food Ingredients
Herbicides ∙ Minerals
Wet & Dry Size Reduction
Steel & Ceramic Lined Mills Nutraceuticals ∙ Pesticides
Jars & Jar Rolling Mills Pharmaceuticals ∙ Pigments
Quality &
Innovation Since 1911
as is the case with other coupling of a rotary switch and three but-
types. The introduction of the sec- tons with a display, allowing users
ond elastomer joint increases the to make all settings intuitively. This
damping properties of the coupling compact and cost-effective solution
and results in a lower torsional stiff- provides all of the functions neces-
ness. This reduces vibrations, and sary for different speeds. These in-
the adjacent machine components clude normal speed, creeping speed,
are less stressed. In addition, the soft start, energy efficiency and ramp
possible radial offset is increased functions, and even safe stopping
more than fourfold. At the same with the Safe Torque Off function. —
time, this company increased the Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG,
performance of the entire N-Eupex Blomberg, Germany
series by approximately 30%, and www.phoenixcontact.com Dunkermotoren
the bore capacity by up to 25%.
Users benefit from higher torque, These motor breaks are
increased rotation speed and a available when you need them
change in size. — Flender GmbH, This company has introduced a quick-
Bocholt, Germany ship program for MagnaShear motor
www.flender.com brakes (photo), with parts ready for
assembly in as little as a day. Brake-
These motors now have less brake motors from ¾ to 5 hp are
integrated ProfiNet interface also in stock, so that assembled brake
This company was said to be the motors can be delivered quickly, elimi-
first to completely integrate Pro- nating supply chain concerns, and the
fiNet functionality, including the need to use inferior dry friction-braking
PROFIdrive profile with application systems. MagnaShear motor brake
classes 1 and 4, into motors as assemblies feature oil shear technol-
standard. This offers ProfiNet users ogy, so they do not require regular
significant advantages in cabling, maintenance or adjustment. With
Phoenix Contact
commissioning and operation. Only quiet, smooth operation and high ac-
the power supply and bus con- curacy and repeatability, they provide
nection need to be established, a long service life (typically 5 to 10
and the motor can be integrated times that of dry friction brakes), says
into the commissioning environ- the company. — Force Control Indus-
ment, for example, the TIA Portal, tries, Fairfield, Ohio
and programming can begin. Dur- www.forcecontrol.com
ing operation, the controller ac-
cesses all motor parameters and New coating enables boost in
uses them for process control, efficiency of electric motors
error monitoring, predictive mainte- Electric motors have laminated cores
nance and many other IIoT or cloud that are made up of thin laminations of
features. BG 95 dPro PN (photo) electrical steel. These laminations are
was the first fully integrated Profi- coated on both sides to insulate them,
Net motor from this company. — which reduces magnetic losses. The Force Control Industries
C
hemical manufacturers are ment projects.
continuously challenged to Huntsman has
achieve operational excel- also been able
lence. Many factors are in- to eliminate data
volved with reaching this goal. How- silos. Like many
ever, one crucial path forward is being manufacturing
able to fully leverage sensor-gener- companies, their
ated time-series data by being able operational data
to analyze it. Companies realize this, was traditionally
but without the proper tooling, they kept in separate
struggle to achieve this objective. silos, each within
Huntsman Corp. (The Woodlands, its specific teams
Tex.; www.huntsman.com), a global and process/busi- FIGURE 1. Self-service analytics monitoring capabilities provide 24-hour
manufacturer and marketer of dif- ness applications. engineering support
ferentiated and specialty chemicals, With self-service analytics, users can gave early warnings for unexpected
was able to overcome this challenge contextualize, centralize, save and heat input, there was no need to
by empowering their process experts share their operational data with all check afterward if there were any
with self-service analytics. This tool- teams. By eliminating these silos, it abnormalities, allowing operators to
ing enabled them to answer three of became possible to move toward take appropriate action in time (Fig-
the top production questions every combined organizational produc- ure 2). This new approach to batch
organization like theirs is faced with: tion overviews for all sites, both lo- analysis and monitoring led to a sig-
• What is happening in the process? cally and globally. With this shared nificant reduction in off-specification
• Has this happened before? information, they saw global col- batches and a significant increase in
• Why is this happening? laboration and team efficiency im- product quality.
prove, which resulted in enhanced
Self-service analytics and more insightful resolution of Improving quality assurance
With the self-service analytics plat- production problems. In one of Huntsman’s Advanced Ma-
form supported by TrendMiner terials plants, numerous batches in a
(Houston; www.trendminer.com), Fingerprinting batch processes wiped-film evaporator exceeded the
Huntsman process engineers and Traditionally, Huntsman’s teams solvent specification limit, resulting in
operators are able to search through would check batch profiles using Mi- off-specification products. The pro-
historical data to look for good and crosoft Excel — an approach that re- cess experts also observed a multi-
bad production behavior, allow- quired a substantial amount of pro- year drift in quality as measured by
ing them to carry out the analytics duction expertise and time. However, the quality assurance laboratory. They
themselves. They can create “fin- after implementing a self-service suspected this problem resulted from
gerprints” of ideal operating zones, analytics platform in 2018, they were a change in testing methods, but this
and set monitors against these fin- able to become much more efficient hypothesis and the frequency of off-
gerprints. If a deviation occurs, alerts by creating fingerprints of good op- specification production needed to
are sent out via messages, emails erating zones to check batch quality be investigated.
or dashboards to notify personnel against specifications. A six-sigma analysis following the
about the issue, giving them time In one of its polyols processes, “define, measure, analyze, improve
to take corrective action. A 24-hour distinct pressure and tempera- and control” (DMAIC) strategy was
engineering support system is there- ture profiles are required to consis- performed using the various ca-
fore set in place, covering times tently produce high-quality material. pabilities of self-service analytics,
when engineers are not on site (Fig- Huntsman’s teams used fingerprints such as value-based searches, layer
ure 1). Additionally, self-service ana- as realtime monitors to continu- comparisons, statistical comparison
lytics can enable process experts to ously check the process for devia- tables, scatterplots, filtering and the
set monitors to predict performance tions. Process experts were able to recommendation engine.
and send out early warnings, and quickly identify subtle disturbances The team used scatter plots to
can even be used in conjunction with that would be difficult to capture in easily track batch performances for
Lean Six Sigma continuous improve- a numerical model. As the monitors insight about which batches were
900 Series
Conductivity, Resistivity, TDS,
pH, ORP, Salinity, ISE, Flow,
Pressure, with Touchscreen LCD
+more!
www.myronl.com
760-438-2021
all performance. — Continental Disc Torx Test and Torx Analyze (photo) to
Corp., Liberty, Mo. complete the Torx platform — a single
www.contdisc.com web-based solution that enables drug
discovery teams to work together,
Bringing artificial intelligence to share knowledge, manage resources
asset-performance management and track progress throughout the
The launch of Ability Genix Asset design-make-test-analyze (DMTA)
Performance Management (APM) workflow. Torx Test connects chemists
Suite (photo) brings next-generation and assay scientists to enable seam-
artificial-intelligence (AI)-based pre- less scheduling, management and
dictive maintenance, asset reliability results delivery for biological, physico- Torx Software
SUSTAINABLE
Automation Expert allows
for automation software
to be separated from the
CONNECTIONS
hardware, providing more
versatility for enterprises to
break their dependency on
proprietary hardware sup- Schneider Electric USA
F
a Diatomaceous
iltration is arguably the most b earth particle Filter cake
common unit operation in the Large hard particles
Particles
chemical process industries retained
(CPI). Filtration processes can be di- P1 P2 Large soft particles
vided into three broad categories:
Feed Filtrate
cake filtration, where the incoming
slurry contains enough solid material
Submicron non-haze
to form a cake on the filter medium; (foam-retention proteins, etc)
Particles
clarifying filtration, which involves retained
feeds with solids levels that are too Submicron haze
low to form a cake and where the FIGURE 1. In cake filtration (a), the separation takes place on a buildup of particles (cake) on the filter
solids become embedded in the fil- medium. In some cases (b), more than simple size exclusion may be involved
tration medium; and crossflow filtra-
tion, where the feed flows parallel to and even wire screens. Among the option is perlite, which is milled vol-
the filtration surface, rather than the materials used are polyolefins, nylon, canic glass composed mainly of po-
conventional perpendicular flow. This polyester, acrylics and fluorocarbons. tassium aluminum silicate. Because
one-page reference summarizes the Both woven and nonwoven media perlite is not as tortuous as diatomite,
basic operation and mechanism for are employed, over a wide range of the high clarity levels achievable with
cake filtration processes. porosity. When selecting a medium, the latter are not possible. Neverthe-
consider mechanical strength, chemi- less, perlite may be more cost effec-
Cake formation cal compatibility with the process ma- tive than diatomite for separation of
In cake filtration, feed is introduced terial, temperature tolerance, ease of coarse particles. This is because the
upstream of the filter, and a layer cleaning and porosity. If the medium density of perlite is lower, so that less
of solids is deposited onto the sur- is too coarse, solids may become material is needed to form a precoat
face of the filter medium. Some of lodged in the openings, leading to of a given thickness. Other types of
the particles in this layer of mate- blinding. In other cases, solids may filter aid include expanded cellulose.
rial bridge the gaps between the fi- not be retained and bridging may not
bers of the filter medium, a process occur. Conversely, a medium that is Cake filtration mechanism
known as bridging. Subsequently, too tight will impose an unnecessary A filter precoated with diatomaceous
new particles are deposited onto this restriction to liquid flow, leading to re- earth (DE) is represented in Figure 1b.
existing layer, forming a second layer duced productivity. This diagram shows how filtration by
of solids. The concept is depicted in simple size exclusion may be an over-
Figure 1a, where the dark circles rep- Filtering soft solids simplification. At the top of the figure,
resent the solid portion (for example, Solids that are soft, slimy or gelati- rigid particles larger than the open-
fibers) of the filtration medium, and nous tend to pack tightly, forming ings in the DE precoat are retained,
the gaps between the circles denote cakes of low permeability. This prob- while smaller ones pass through, con-
the flow path for filtrate. The process lem can be alleviated by the addi- sistent with expectations. However,
continues, with new solids forming tion of a small amount of filter aid to the compressible nature of the large,
additional layers adjacent to solids the feed slurry. Filter aids are inert, soft particles shown in Figure 1b al-
already deposited, and in this man- highly porous materials that act to lows them to squeeze through, even
ner, a cake forms. Rather than the separate blinding solids, leading to a though the particles are smaller than
actual medium, the cake itself acts more open cake and in turn a higher the openings.
as the filtration medium, determining filtration rate. Filter aid added directly The sub-micron, non-haze particles
the quality and flowrate of the filtrate. to the slurry is known as body feed. shown in the figure also are not re-
The role of the actual medium is only Alternatively, prior to introducing the tained, but this is expected because
to support the cake. feed slurry, a layer of filter aid can be these particles are smaller than the
Cake filtration is suitable only for deposited onto the filtration medium pores in the cake. On the other hand,
feeds containing enough solids to to form what is known as a precoat. the sub-micron haze particles seen
form a cake — at least 1 vol.%. High- at the bottom of the diagram are re-
er levels of feed solids lead to better Filter aid tained even though they are larger
results, including improved bridging Several types of filter aid are available. than the openings. This is attributable
and more porous cakes. Most common is diatomite (diatoma- to some mechanism other than phys-
ceous earth), the skeletal remains of ical exclusion, perhaps electrostatic
Media types single-cell algae, composed primarily or hydrophobic interaction. n
There are a variety of media available, of silica. Diatomite offers the highest
Editor’s note: This column is an excerpt of the following article:
including paper, textiles, polymers, clarity of all types of filter aid. Another Gabelman, A., An Overview of Filtration, Chem. Eng., November
2015, pp. 50–58.
24 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021
Technology Profile
Production of Citric Acid
By Intratec Solutions
C
itric acid is a naturally occur- (2) fermentation; and (3) products
ring tricarboxylic acid com- treatment (Figure 2).
monly found in plants and Corn starch saccharification. Corn is
animals (Figure 1). In its pure fed to hammer mills to be crushed into
form, it is a colorless compound read- a coarse grind meal containing all kernel
ily soluble in water. Citric acid is main- components. This meal is routed to a
ly used to add taste to food and soft liquefaction vessel, along with hot pro- FIGURE 1. Citric acid is used in a variety of appli-
cations, including for taste in foods and beverages
drinks, and as acidulant for dietary cess condensate and alpha-amylase
supplements and pharmaceuticals. It enzymes. The corn starch is enzymati- remove biomass residues, while the
is also used as the following: an an- cally hydrolyzed, producing maltose vapor is condensed and recycled to
ticoagulant; mineral flotation agent; and higher oligomers. The slurry from the liquefaction area. The citric acid
industrial cleaning/electroplating/an- this step is sent to a saccharification solution is then fed to ion-exchange
odizing reagent; animal food additive tank, where it is mixed with gluco-amy- column for separation of magnesium
(digestion aid); and water treatment lase enzymes, which cleave the maltose and potassium ions, and to a crystal-
agent. Citric acid can be used in the and higher oligomers into glucose. lizer, forming citric acid crystals, which
manufacture of other products, in- Fermentation. Glucose is mixed with are routed to a vacuum filter to be sep-
cluding: dibasic ammonium citrate; process water, nutrients and ammoni- arated from the mother liquor. Most of
ammonium ferric citrate; calcium ci- um nitrate, and fed to the fermenters. this liquor is returned to crystallization
trate; citrazinic acid; citrated fatty acid Fermentation is performed in fed- upstream, but a fraction of it is purged
glycerides; lithium citrate; potassium batch mode and under aerobic pro- to avoid impurities build-up. The solid
citrate; sodium citrate; tri-n-butyl ci- cess conditions in agitated, jacketed citric acid cake is directed to a rotary
trate; and triethyl citrate fermentors. After glucose exhaustion, dryer to remove residual water, then
Citric acid can be obtained from the batch phase is finished, and the sent to blending silos and packaging,
natural sources (for example, lemons, fed-batch phase is started. During the from which bulk and bagged citric
limes and oranges) and can be syn- fed-batch phase, glucose and nutri- acid are obtained, respectively.
thetically produced either via chemi- ents are continuously supplied.
cal reaction or microbial fermentation. Products treatment. After the fer- Product grades
Large-volume industrial production of mentation step, the fermentation The uses and applications of citric acid
citric acid, however, is based almost broth is sent to a rotary vacuum fil- vary according to the product grade.
exclusively on microbial fermentation ter, separating non-fermented bio- The main forms of citric acid are: U.S.
of a carbohydrate substrate, in which a mass (which is sent to a wash step) Pharmacopeia (USP) grade; reagent
strain of Aspergillus niger is employed from a liquid stream containing citric grade; and monohydrate grade. This
to convert sugar to citric acid. Raw acid that is routed to the evaporation organic acid may be produced in
materials commonly used are molas- stage. The biomass is centrifuged and crystalline form, anhydrous, with sev-
ses, sugar (raw beet, refined beet), washed for citric acid recovery, which eral granulations; or in solutions with
cane sugars, syrups (prepared from is sent to evaporation, while the bio- different concentrations (for example,
wheat, corn, potato or other starch). mass cake is dried in a rotary dryer, 50% w/w), with grades varying in ap-
generating dried distiller’s grains with pearance, purity and color. n
Production process solubles (DDGS) byproduct. In the
Editor's note: The content for this column is developed by Intratec
Citric acid production from corn evaporation step, the broth is con- Solutions LLC (Houston; www.intratec.us) and edited by Chemical En-
starch comprises three major sec- centrated, and then sent to chro- gineering. The analyses and models presented are based on publicly
available and non-confidential information. The content represents the
tions: (1) corn starch saccharification; matographic separation equipment to opinions of Intratec only.
1. Grinding mills
2. Liquefaction
3. Saccharification
4. Fermentors
5. Biomass separator
6. Biomass washing
7. Biomass drying
8. Evaporator
9. Chromatographic separation
10. Ion exchangers
11. Crystallizer
12. Vacuum filter
13. Citric acid dryer
14. Cooling tower
15. Boiler
16. Chiller
CW Cooling water
ST Steam
CHW Chilled water
FIGURE 2. The diagram shows a process for making citric acid by fermenting corn sugars
Unlocking Hydraulic
Limits in a Revamp
Follow the practical tips discussed here to accelerate hydraulic revamp projects and increase
the success rate
C
Nattapong onducting a thorough hydraulic of revamp projects, where a design engineer
Pongboot check is a crucial part of a suc- should seek to exploit every bit of design
Global R&D cessful plant revamp. Depending margin to avoid costly equipment modifica-
on the remaining margin of the tions. It must be noted that piping changes
IN BRIEF hydraulic system, a certain degree of modi- are generally expensive and undesirable in
REAL-LIFE DILEMMAS
fications may be required to accommodate most revamp projects.
a new unit throughput or configurations. I would like to stress that conflicting with
THEORY VERSUS Conventional hydraulic calculations can these hydraulic design guidelines does not
REALITY be time-consuming, involving engineering mean your existing equipment cannot be
TEST-RUN BEST documents, possibly with expensive hy- used in revamp scenarios unless they are in-
PRACTICES draulic calculation software. This article pro- tegrity or reliability criteria (for example, ero-
vides helpful tips to significantly reduce the sion limit). More importantly, the economic
EXECUTION PLAN
person-hours required for hydraulic review. justification is different here, as the invest-
EXAMPLE 1: Also, unorthodox, yet practical, methods ment in the existing equipment has already
HYDROCRACKER FEED for equipment sizing will be demonstrated been made. Utilizing existing hardware is
PREHEATER as fast-track solutions to unlock hydraulic always a better choice from a financial and
EXAMPLE 2: INCREASED constraints at a chemical process industries practical perspective, thus requiring a careful
WASH WATER FLOW (CPI) facility. These tips and methods come hydraulic assessment.
out of the author’s experience as a plant op- Another essential concept that was often
EXAMPLE 3: INCREASED
erator and designer, and are illustrated with missing is practicality. Many engineers from
DIESEL PRODUCTION
several real-world examples. these design firms solely relied on theoreti-
EXAMPLE 4: IMPROVED cal hydraulic calculations and ignored the
DIESEL RECOVERY Real-life dilemmas real-world data, such as pressure survey
ADDITIONAL TIPS As a former petroleum-refinery process en- data. While the author always offered test-
gineer, the author had opportunities to work run data (or the opportunity to do test run),
with multiple reputed design companies on many failed to use them properly. To make
different revamp projects. Surprisingly often, matters worse, some of these engineers
these companies applied hydraulic design confidently said that there was no such need
criteria intended for new units to revamp for plant data, as they thought they could fig-
projects without a thorough understanding ure out everything based on their computer
of why these criteria were there in the first software. The author has experienced mul-
place. As shown in Table 1, many of these tiple disastrous revamp projects that failed
criteria, such as pressure drop per 100 m, to meet the revamp objectives just because
are primarily
based on eco-
nomics (capital
expenditures
versus operating
expenses) and
only intended to
provide an eco-
nomical solution
to new unit de-
signs. This ap-
FIGURE 1. The photo on the left shows the inner pipe wall of a severely fouled fuel oil line. The
proach does not photo on the right shows a tube bundle heavily fouled by asphalt and coke. Both examples are non-
apply in the case idealities illustrating why ideal hydraulic models deviate from reality
26 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021
TABLE 1. EXAMPLES OF LINE DESIGN CRITERIA TYPICALLY USED NOMENCLATURE
BY ENGINEERING COMPANIES ΔP/100 m Pressure drop per 100 meters
Recommended D Nominal pipe diameter
high limits
NPSHa Available net positive suction head
Item Detail ΔP/100 m, Velocity,
bar/100 m m/s Cv Flow coefficient
1 Pump suction lines (bubble point fluid) 0.11 1.8 %Travel Valve travel
2 Pump discharge lines (carbon steel) 0.91 6.1* Qrevamp Actual volumetric flow rate for the revamp
case
3 Amine piping (stainless steel) 0.34 3*
S.G. Specific gravity at the corresponding operat-
4 Reboiler inlet line 0.07 1.5
ing temperature
*Integrity criteria
%Travelbase Valve travel for the base case
Many of these values are based on economic criteria, while some are in-
tended to ensure piping integrity Cv,base Flow coefficient for the base case
∆Pbase Pressure drop across the control valve for the
the designer did not incorporate actual plant data and base case
equipment performances during the design phase. ∆Prevamp Pressure drop across the control valve for the
Moreover, people tend to overly focus on rotating revamp case
equipment. Throughout my experience with revamps,
∆Pnew equipment Pressure drop across the new equipment
the suggestion has been made by former colleagues
that solving hydraulic issues could be accomplished by Cv,revamp Flow coefficient for the revamp case
replacing pumps and compressors. This notion is not al- %Travelrevamp Valve travel for the revamp case
ways the case, and could lead to a costly solution, like Qtotal Total actual volumetric flowrate across the
replacing a large compressor. Ask yourself if you would main control and bypass valve
still replace a pump or compressor if you found that the Qmain Actual volumetric flow rate across the main
inlet block valve was accidentally closed. More often control valve
than people think, pump and compressor issues do not Qbypass Actual volumetric flow rate across the bypass
result from the equipment itself. valve
These situations might sound unreal to some readers,
Cv,total Total flow coefficient across the main control
but they are based on true stories. Some people do not and bypass valve
view through a different lens when dealing with revamps,
Cv,main Flow coefficient for the main control valve
regardless of how experienced they are.
Cv,bypass Flow coefficient for the bypass valve
Theory versus reality ∆Ptotal Total pressure drop across the main control
Theoretical hydraulic calculations are undoubtedly good and bypass valve
estimations, but it is important to remember that engi- ∆Pmain Pressure drop across the main control valve
neering assumptions or even hydraulic models them- ∆Pbypass Pressure drop across the bypass valve
selves (such as Darcy-Weisbach or Hazen-Williams
models) may not perfectly represent the real world. For Cv,total,revamp Total flow coefficient for the revamp case
example, the hydraulic design assumptions listed in ΔHbase Pump’s head for the base case
Table 2 might be reasonable for a new design. However, ΔHmargin Design margin for the pump’s head
it does not mean that the hydraulic model developed
ΔHrevamp Pump’s head for the revamp case
using the same assumptions will reflect exactly what
happens in the existing hydraulic system. ΔHpolytropic Compressor’s polytropic head
This difference between theory and reality is the pri- ΔHpolytropic,base Compressor’s polytropic head for the base
mary reason why a design margin is always applied case
when designing a new piece of equipment or device. ΔHpolytropic,revamp Compressor’s polytropic head for the revamp
The margin accounts for any non-idealities and provides case
additional operational flexibility. Almost all process pip- Qinlet Actual inlet volumetric flowrate
ing, pumps and compressors are designed based on Qinlet,base Actual inlet volumetric flowrate for the base
rated flowrates — typically 110–120% of normal. There- case
fore, 10–20% spare capacity may be available for the
Qinlet,revamp Actual inlet volumetric flow rate for the revamp
revamp operation. case
Some examples of non-idealities in hydraulic systems
include fouling, corrosion, erosion and so on. A piping does not make sense. This situation further emphasizes
system or asset might be fouled (or corroded), thus af- the need to augment theoretical calculations with real-
fecting both actual pipe roughness and flow area to a world data when one handles a revamp work.
certain degree (Figure 1).
More interestingly, some revamp projects are effectively Test-run best practices
a remedy for a previous grassroots design that failed, so One of the objectives of a unit test run is to determine
repeating the same mistakes by only relying on theories the actual performance capabilities and constraints of
Example cases
To better understand how both ap-
proaches work, the following real-
world examples are discussed here.
1. Hydrocracker feed preheater. In
FIGURE 6. The diagram illustrates a wash-water injection system of a single-stage hydrocracker, as dis-
cussed in Example 2 this example, a new feed preheater
was to be designed and installed dur-
The author recommends following mal effort. The author recommends ing the refinery turnaround to reduce
the best practices illustrated in Fig- first trying this simple yet effective the energy consumption of a hydro-
ure 2 rather than using 100% paper- technique before setting up the full- cracker unit. As illustrated in Figure
based calculations, which is gener- hydraulic model. 4, a mix of two liquid feed streams
ally a flawed practice. Using the fully-calibrated hydrau- will be heated up by a hot diesel
In general, the revamp solution of lic model. As an initial step, a de- product from a diesel hydrotreater.
hydraulic debottlenecking projects sign engineer must select a proper Subsequently, this mixed-liquid feed
can be developed using the follow- hydraulic model. For example, the stream must go through two stages
ing approaches: Hazen-Williams equation is usually of filtration to remove solid particu-
Smart use of equipment’s char- sufficiently good to handle a water late matter, which can plug the front
acteristics. The characteristics of distribution system with a relatively beds of the hydrocracking reactor.
the equipment or device are usu- smooth pipe surface. However, this This new feed preheater must
ally well-defined, if not subjected to equation is not valid for other fluids, fit into the existing system without
severe fouling or damage, and are therefore requiring the Darcy-Weis- causing flow-control issues. As a
practically independent of the hy- bach equation. general guideline, Valve A and Valve
draulic system (such as the valve Whenever this approach is inevi- B in Figure 4 should have %Travel
characteristic curves in Figure 3). table, a designer should systemati- less than 80, a typical maximum
In conjunction with good baseline cally calibrate the hydraulic model. %Travel for reasonable flow control.
data, these characteristics are more Typically, the modeler has to adjust In this case, the refinery con-
than adequate to check the hydrau- multiple tuning parameters to match ducted a test run at desired revamp
lic adequacy of the existing system the actual data. These parameters flowrates (Qrevamp) and with the fil-
or even design a new control valve include the following: ter’s maximum allowable pressure
or pump. This technique usually • P i p e
TABLE 3. TEST-RUN DATA FOR A NEW PREHEATER DESIGN
employs the simplest mathemati- rough-
cal equations (flow coefficient (Cv) ness: Stream Qrevamp, m3/hour %Travelbase Temperature, °C S.G.
equation), and small amounts of T h e Hot feed 237.4 26.4 158 0.818
process data, thus requiring mini- v a l u e s Cold feed 78.2 10.0 141 0.820
1-in. control valve. In this case, offline for regular maintenance. Fur-
a full-bore 2-in. valve could be a thermore, the liquid level inside the
good fit. From Table 5, the total diesel-side stripper was sometimes
flow coefficient of the revamp unstable when the diesel hydrotreater
case (Cv,total,revamp) is 9.14. Con- was run at high throughput (two die-
sequently, the travel of the new sel streams from both units join to-
control valve (%Travelrevamp) gether), forcing the refinery to reduce
would be 47, as highlighted in diesel production, due to the unstable
FIGURE 10. The graph shows the ΔHbase and ΔHrevamp esti- Figure 8. level control valve.
mate, as discussed in Example 3. A composite pump curve
(blue) represents parallel operation 3. Increased diesel produc- As the worst-case scenario, the
tion. Diesel has the highest value design engineer conducted the test
strated in the previous example, the among all products from a middle- run at the design revamp flowrate
designer can apply the same method distillate-oriented hydrocracker. Pri- (Qrevamp, 226.0 m3/hr) with the diesel
to determine the flow coefficient for marily, the petroleum refinery in this hydrotreater at its maximum through-
the main control valve (Cv,main) and example tries to minimize the cut put. During the test run, both diesel
bypass valve (Cv,bypass). Accordingly, point between kerosene and diesel pumps were in parallel operation, with
one can estimate the total flow coef- to maximize its diesel production. %Travel of the level control valve at 95
ficient for each scenario (Cv,total) from Unfortunately, the existing diesel (less than 80 is preferable). Based on
Equation (6). pump limits the diesel production at Qrevamp, the baseline pump’s head
199.4 m3/hr from a high motor load. (ΔHbase) is 159.7 m, as graphically
Cv,total = Cv,main + Cv,bypass (6) According to the refinery econo- determined from Figure 10.
mist, the diesel production capacity This diesel rundown system con-
Besides liquid-phase applications, should be expanded to 226.0 m3/ sists of long and complex pipelines,
Equation 6 also applies to other ap- hr (at the pumping temperature). plus multiple heat exchangers, thus
plications, such as gas phase or Possible solutions include either re- requiring challenging and expensive
steam. During the test run, the by- vamping both existing diesel pumps demolition work during the turn-
pass valve was opened to explore or adding a third larger pump. around if it was modified. Hence,
the maximum wash-water rate at Installing one pump is obviously a the new diesel pump will be sized
this injection point. Table 5 summa- less expensive solution than replac- so %Travel of the level control valve
rizes the test-run data and calcula- ing two pumps. In the end, the refin- is around 60, by including a design
tion results. ery decided to install the third larger margin (ΔHmargin) as per Equation 7.
Although opening a bypass valve pump (Figure 9). This new pump will
can achieve the revamp flowrate, be the main workhorse, with the ex- ∆Hrevamp = ∆Hbase + ∆Hmargin (7)
it can also lead to undesired situ- isting pumps as spares, and will be
ations, including vessel overflow. offline only when there is low diesel According to the study, the re-
As such, a design engineer has no load. vamp pump’s head (ΔHrevamp) must
choice but to upgrade the existing As pointed out earlier, diesel is the be 175.7 m to ensure good operabil-
most expen- ity. In this case, a new relief valve is
sive refin- unavoidable due to higher shut-off
ery product. pressure, but the additional cost is
Therefore, the trivial considering the benefits.
refinery often 4. Improved diesel recovery. A
ran both ex- crude-petroleum distillation unit suf-
isting pumps fered from high pressure, resulting
in parallel to in lower diesel recovery. As per the
maximize die- design, the suction pressure of the
sel produc- overhead compressor directly sets
tion. The only the column pressure (Figure 11).
problem with The pressure-control system var-
this operation ies %Travel of the discharge control
is that the ex- valve to maintain a constant accu-
FIGURE 11. The illustration shows the crude distillation overhead system in Exam-
ple 4. One can consider reducing the suction pressure drop as a fast-track solution
isting pumps mulator pressure. When the %Travel
to unload the overhead compressor, as highlighted here cannot be reaches 100%, for example, at a
Revamps and
Retrofits: A Path to
‘Evergreen’ Facilities
An intelligent approach to developing the scope of retrofit projects can allow facilities to remain
competitive in the marketplace and meet regulatory requirements
Alan McCurdy
Valdes Engineering (ret.) Cost-benefit considerations
T
There are many factors at play in de-
imely and well executed ret- termining the scope, as well as the
rofit projects are critical for costs and benefits for a retrofit proj-
most facilities in the chemi- ect. The following are a set of ques-
cal process industries (CPI) tions that should be worked through
as they strive to remain competitive as the retrofit project begins.
players in the marketplace, meet Does the retrofit involve a “re-
the owner’s business needs and placement-in-kind” of equip-
FIGURE 2. Improvements in equipment may re-
maintain regulatory compliance. ment? In cases where capital equip- quire changes to the plant’s infrastructure
Retrofit projects and new-facility ment may need to be replaced, it is
projects lie on a spectrum, with the often useful to start with how long egy might be required. For example,
two having many similar require- the equipment has been in service. a pump with intermittent operations
ments and qualities (Figure 1). With Most capital equipment is expected might require a discharge control
a sustainable plan and schedule, to have a 20-year minimum service valve, bypass line or variable-fre-
retrofit projects can be accom- life. If equipment is being replaced quency drive to minimize pump starts
plished incrementally. The benefit before the expected service life, and stops
of this approach is an “evergreen” determine whether there is a defi- • The equipment installation might
facility that is responsive to busi- ciency in design, reliability, perfor- put excessive mechanical or hy-
ness needs. This article focuses on mance, controls or installation. Here draulic stresses on the equipment or
scope development for revamp and are some possibilities to consider: connections. For example, high tem-
retrofit projects, and presents many • The application might require a dif- peratures can cause significant pipe
of the important considerations for ferent type of equipment expansion, which will require expan-
undertaking a retrofit project. •The required reliability might demand sion joints, or a design that has ad-
a different metallurgy or service factor equate flexibility
Retrofit versus revamp • The normal and peak operating re- • For critical equipment, the schedule
A “revamp project” replaces or up- quirements might exceed the equip- might require a replacement-in-kind
grades equipment or systems to ment’s rating while a longer-term solution is devel-
increase production capability or • A more sophisticated control strat- oped and implemented
performance in an existing facility These are only some of the factors
or industrial site. A “retrofit project” justifying an “upgrade” instead of a
modifies, enhances, debottlenecks, “replacement-in-kind”.
or otherwise improves an existing Is the retrofit an upgrade or en-
entity, rather than involving the cre- hancement project? If the equip-
ation of an entirely new entity. In con- ment has been in service for a sig-
trast, a new or “greenfield” project nificant period, have there been
involves building a new facility on a technological improvements since
new site (a greenfield), and is uncon- the last installation? Improvements
strained by existing facilities. For the in equipment design, reliability, per-
purposes of this article, these proj- FIGURE 1. It is often the case that making im-
formance and efficiency are gener-
ect types (retrofits and revamps) are provements to CPI facilities is more cost-effective ally always occurring. For example,
considered identical. than replacing them like automobiles and household ap-
34 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021
pliances, industrial equipment has sible. Review the current process fit is “remodeling” not a “tear down”
become automated, with significant and facility drawings, equipment and project. Installing more equipment in
benefits. Metallurgies have become building layouts, and hazardous area a fixed area will reduce operations
more specialized, with alloys to re- classification drawings. and maintenance access. A larger
duce corrosion. Piping and electrical Some examples of debottleneck- footprint might encroach on set-
standards might have improved. The ing projects include the following: An backs from administrative areas and
connecting pipe and electrical ser- automated bulk charging system can property lines. The existing facility
vice might need to be upgraded. improve cycle times by reducing the will be reused, although the unit will
Are safety or environmental per- process charging time. Installing a likely be idled for the duration of the
formance upgrades required? larger pump or heat exchanger may demolition (removal of replaced as-
Because they are already in opera- not provide a production increase if sets) and installation of new assets.
tion, certain processes at CPI facili- the process and utilities inputs and
ties are exempt from new standards outputs do not meet the new equip- Design and execution planning
(that is, they are “grandfathered” ment’s requirements. Keep in mind, Planning is critical to any project’s
into meeting the requirements of though that higher flows might re- success. Many of these require-
the new standard). However, if it is quire larger pipe diameters to pre- ments are identical to any medium-
part of a retrofit project, a process vent high velocities (erosion) or high to large-sized project, whether a
might require upgrades for safety, pressure drop (inefficiency). Also, retrofit or new facility. The design of
efficiency or environmental perfor- heat exchangers are designed for the new retrofit assets needs to be
mance. For example, environmental certain fluid velocities for best heat integrated into the operations and
and reliability requirements might transfer efficiency. As with piping, maintenance procedures. Other-
require some rotating equipment to higher flows might require larger flow wise, there is a risk of unintended is-
have sophisticated shaft-seal sys- areas. Due to hydraulics and resi- sues and inefficiencies.
tems with barrier fluids. dence time, processing vessels and Consider the owner’s project re-
Have equipment manufacturers towers have certain high- and low- sources. An owner has operating
consolidated, relocated, or gone flow requirements for best operation. and maintenance staff with tasks and
out of business? Equipment con- objectives assigned by management.
sidered “state of the art” twenty years Plan and scope development Taking on project team responsibili-
ago, might not be available or might The next phase of the retrofit proj- ties for a retrofit project will require a
not meet current standards. ect involves developing process flow realignment of responsibilities. Engi-
Will infrastructure changes be re- diagrams, piping & instrumentation neering consultants can undertake
quired? Improvements of new equip- diagrams (P&IDs) and layout draw- the effort needed to support a retrofit
ment might require an upgrade of the ings of the retrofit options. “Redline” project. However, the owner’s per-
infrastructure (Figure 2). For example, changes should be made to the ex- sonnel will still need to support the
automated equipment will need data isting facility design. These could in- consultant with operational knowl-
connectivity. With different metal- clude changes to piping connections edge and approve final decisions.
lurgies and standards, the process for utilities, vents, drains and con- The scope of new or reused infra-
and utility tie-in scope might need to trols. Also note changes to valves structure needs to be balanced with
include more pipe, electrical or con- for operation, isolation and bleeds. cost, schedule and performance.
trols scope. Different equipment de- Consider access for construction, In planning, plant engineers must
signs might have different footprints, operations and maintenance. be cognizant of the required design
with different connections, support The boundar-
requirements and access points. If a ies of a retrofit
process is being upgraded, the de- project need to
cisions become more complex. The be considered:
scope might require the upgrade of In a retrofit proj-
a system with increased or different ect, the facility
utility requirements. and support-
Is the retrofit project a capac- ing utilities are
ity increase or a debottlenecking expected to be
project? A “bottleneck” constrains reused (with
or limits a process. Bottlenecks can maybe selec-
be identified in the manufacturing tive upgrades).
process by reviewing operating data Otherwise, the
and by modeling the process. An project becomes
example is a manual drum-loading a “new facil-
step in a manufacturing process. If ity” project, not
a capacity increase is expected, the a retrofit. As an TERI / OGI Process Equipment, Spring Sands, Okla.
entire process will need to be evalu- analogy using FIGURE 3. Process outages are required to install new equipment, such as the
ated to confirm the capacity is fea- houses, a retro- heater shown here
P
flow, while also being fully capable of
ump technology can be A closer look at gear pumps handling high-pumping pressures, a
traced as far back as the Gear pumps create flow by pushing necessary trait when handling high-
B.C. era, when ancient liquid through a mesh of teeth from viscosity fluids.
Egyptians used a shadoof two or more rotating gears (Figure
to move water from one source 1). A drive shaft moves one gear, Components (not) galore
(in this instance, wells) to another. and that motion moves the other When looking closer at the advan-
While basic in nature, this set the gear. The rotating gears form a liq- tages of gear pumps over similar
stage for others to follow, such as uid seal inside the casing, creating a pump technologies, it’s best to start
the ancient Greeks, who developed vacuum at the inlet as the gear teeth internally (Figure 3). Gear pumps do
the first concept for a reciprocating separate. Liquid flows into the space not have many moving parts, re-
pump, to Nicolas Grollier de Ser- and moves around the outer edge gardless of configuration. In the ex-
viere, a Frenchman who created the of the gears. Once the teeth meet ternal gear setup, two gears mesh
early design for a gear pump near again by the outlet, the gears force to process liquid. Separate shafts
the back end of the 1500s. the liquid out. support those two gears, which
Pump technology has substantially Gear pumps come with either an serve as the primary components
evolved since those times and is now internal or external configuration. Ex- of the pump. Internal gear pumps
woven into the fabric of everyday life. ternal gear pumps use two separate consist of a rotor (larger gear) and
Pumps can be found in a range shafts to support two interlocking an idler (smaller gear), as well as an
of applications, such as tank trucks, gears, which form a mesh at the cen- idler pin, bushing and a crescent-
ships, trains, manufacturing plants, ter of the pump to move fluid along. shaped partition.
storage tanks and bulk storage fa- External gear pumps are known to In either setup, the number of
cilities, to name just a few. While use either helical, spur or herring- components is minimal, mean-
water was one of the first liquids to bone gears to move liquid through ing operators don’t have to worry
be moved via pump, the technology the pump. about having a massive stockpile
has evolved to handle many other A similar principle is used in the of extra components on hand in
fluids. Gear pumps, for example, internal configuration, but with two case of failure. Having fewer com-
are designed to move an expansive interlocking gears of different sizes ponents also means not having to
range of critical commodities, includ- (Figure 2, left). The smaller gear ro- worry about so many moving parts
ing crude petroleum, biofuels, refined tates within the larger gear, which breaking down. Whether external
fuels, chemicals, solvents and food- has cavities instead of protruding or internal, both gear pump varia-
grade materials. teeth. An idler pin and a bushing at- tions do not require constant shut-
While many pumping technologies tached to the pump casing keep the downs to replace different compo-
have been developed and optimized smaller gear, also known as the idler, nents with varying lifecycles.
throughout history, the gear pump in an off-center position, allowing it When it comes to a shutdown for
stands out for its versatility, effi- to interlock with the external gear’s
EnviroGear
ciency and longevity. These pumps, cavities. A fixed, crescent-shaped
which come in internal or external spacer serves as a seal between the
designs, have endured multiple ap- pump’s ports and fills the void from
plications and fluids across time and the smaller gear’s off-center position
continue to provide operators with (Figure 2, right).
several distinct advantages over Consisting of few moving parts,
comparable technologies. gear pumps deliver a constant
This article discusses those ad- amount of liquid with each revolu-
vantages and explains why gear tion of their gears, with their tight
FIGURE 1. Gear pumps create flow by pushing
pumps remain a popular choice for clearances and rotational speed pre- liquid through a mesh of teeth from two or more
operators across several sectors of venting slippage during operation. rotating gears
EnviroGear
Pump Seals to
Manage Water
Paying attention to the seal design used in centrifugal pumps can help in water
management. This article uses the beverage industry to illustrate this point
Heinz Bloch
Process Machinery Consulting by paying attention to pump-seal these we find the typical mechani-
E
water-management matters. cal seal in Figure 1. Here, seal flush
conomic survival in a cli- water can be connected to the top
mate where industry com- Upgrade options of the outer port. This water would
petition and environmen- Modern breweries operate dozens contact the inside of a mechanical
tal concerns converge is of centrifugal pumps; these move seal assembly and then exit from a
not easy. However, protecting the liquids ranging from light slurries to diagonally opposite port to drain.
planet is becoming an ethical im- ultra-clean final products. In the final If the user opted to connect flush
perative for reasonable people. It is products, even trace contaminants water to the larger of the two flush
— or should be — matched only by (solids) would be objectionable and ports, the flush liquid would mingle
an acute sense of self-preservation. proper sealing is important. with the liquid contained between
It gives us pleasure when we see One of many possible mechani- the impeller and taper-bored pump
these priorities beginning to line up cal seal configurations is generally back plate. It would thus dilute
nicely with legitimate and logical used to seal between the pump the pumpage and, in many cases,
commercial interests. Commercial casing and the rotating shaft. Such would later have to be removed by
interests can rightly be summarized seals work by having two very flat evaporative means. Vacuum dehy-
as low-cost production and high surfaces, one connected to the dration or evaporation (or both) by
equipment reliability. That said, this rotating shaft, and the other con- applying heat are among the avail-
article introduces the reader to fac- nected to the stationary casing. able means of water removal, but
tual details, proven achievements, Spring pressure is applied to one of both contribute to a facility’s operat-
and realistic goals as they pertain to the two faces, and pumpage cannot ing expenses and wasted water, a
the beverage industry. escape with the pump stopped and valuable resource.
the seal faces contacting. When the Usage figures tell the story. Sup-
Sustainability targets pump rotates, the faces open about pose a user passes cool clean
In the beverage industry, targets are one micron, a gap approximately water through the smaller of the
typically expressed as water-use fifty times smaller than the diameter two flush entry ports and releases
ratio, or liters of water consumed of a human hair. A miniscule vol- it to drain. In the brewing indus-
per liter of beverage produced. Sin- ume of flush passes between the try, this water flow is set to around
gling out the beer brewing industry, faces, thereby providing both lubri- 5.7 L/min (1.52 gal/min) per pump,
an entity fittingly using the acronym cation and heat removal. For years, which equates to about 3 million L
BIER (Beer Industry Environmental relatively low-cost mechanical seals (~800,000 gal) per pump per year.
Roundtable) published benchmark- similar to Figure 1 were used with But suppose the user would be
ing studies that show a steady im- water as the flush liquid. shown a well-proven way of elimi-
provement from 2013 to 2017 with In the decades
the water-use ratio from 2.76 L/L since 1970, in-
FIGURE 1. A typical mechanical seal
(0.73 gal/gal) to 2.53 L/L (0.67 gal/ dustry has ap- with two traditional flush ports is
gal) — an improvement of 8.3%. plied the tried and shown here
In the beer-brewing segment of tested seal con-
the beverage industry, the water-use figurations and
ratio declined from 3.68 L/L (0.98 seal flush applica-
gal/gal) in 2017 to 3.35L/L (0.89 gal/ tions described
gal) in 2018. This represents a wel- in the standards
come 9% reduction. However, many of the American
of today’s brewers have more ambi- Petroleum Insti-
tious targets and are reaching these tute (API). Among
40 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021
Flow indicator
ered safe for use in food production.
Filter Pressure
gage Cost and potential ROI
Spring-loaded
check valve Vessel Industry data suggest the benefits of
Water supply Ice guard eliminating the flow of sealing water
regulator and treatment of wastewater. Using
the numbers in this article for 25 typi-
cal centrifugal pumps, yearly savings
Ice guard
Ball valve
of $113,000 will be realized. The sim-
ple payback (return on investment;
Flow inducer ROI) on this application will be less
than 12 months in addition to gaining
a 10% reduction in water-use ratio. In
essence, all parties — including the
environment — will benefit from this
proven sealing technology. n
Edited by Gerald Ondrey
FIGURE 2. A self-contained (closed loop) seal water-management system is shown here (Source: AES-
SEAL, Inc., Rotherham, UK, and Knoxville, Tenn.)
Reference
nating 5.7 L/min (1.52 gal/min) of scribed earlier are being superseded 1. Perez, Robert X. and Bloch, Heinz P., “Pump Wisdom: Essential
Centrifugal Pump Knowledge for Operators and Specialists,”
water use from 25 pumps. The user by the water management system 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N.J., 2021.
would thereby reduce water con- shown in Figure 2.
sumption by 74.9 million L/yr (~20 This is a closed-loop system that
million gal/yr). recirculates the water in the mechani- Author
We had taken the average brew- cal seal. The system is pressurized Heinz P. Bloch is a consulting
ery’s numbers 740,812,000,000 L by the plant’s water supply, ensuring engineer at Process Machinery
Consulting, and resides in Mont-
of water used and 221,106,000,000 that product remains in the pump. A gomery, Tex. (heinzpbloch@gmail.
L of beer produced from the BIER flow indication instrument monitors com). His professional career
2018 Benchmarking Study. The system condition and readily detects commenced in 1962 and in-
cluded long-term assignments as
water-use ratio thus equaled 3.35. leakage. Water management sys- Exxon Chemical’s Regional Ma-
Accordingly, the new water-use tems all but eliminate any significant chinery Specialist for the U.S. He
has authored or co-written over
ratio of 3.03 L/L translates into a consumption of seal water. 790 publications, among them 24 comprehensive
reduction of 10%. The vessel shown in Figure 2 is books on practical machinery management, failure
designed with a quick-release clamp analysis, failure avoidance, compressors, steam tur-
bines, pumps, oil mist lubrication and optimized lubri-
Water management systems allowing the bottom section of the cation for industry. Bloch holds B.S. and M.S. degrees
More recently, these reductions have tank to be removed for inspection (cum laude) in mechanical engineering from the New
been well documented [1]. The un- and cleaning. Experienced manufac- Jersey Institute of Technology. He is an ASME Life Fel-
low and was awarded life-time registration as a Profes-
economic ways of seal flushing de- turers offer materials that are consid- sional Engineer in New Jersey.
NEXT LEVEL
Pulverizing systems and to Recycling systems have
outstanding performance for demanding customer
requirements.
SOLUTIONS
Integrated Systems for Industrial
and Chemical Applications
For details visit adlinks.chemengonline.com/80076-14
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021 41
Environmental Manager
Critical Components in Regenerative
Thermal Oxidizers: High-Cycle Valves
When designing a regenerative thermal oxidizer, engineers should not overlook the
high-cycle valves that control process air and help maintain efficiency
Anu D. Vij
Ship & Shore Environmental • Poppet valves (including single-
R
poppet, dual-poppet and four-way
egenerative thermal oxi- poppet valves)
dizers (RTOs) are regularly • Single-canister rotary valve
utilized in the chemical • Two-canister, high-cycle, rotat-
process industries (CPI) ing-flow reversal indexing valve
to collect and control air-pollution Other important issues to con-
emissions generated from industrial sider when selecting high-cycle
manufacturing operations. RTOs valves for RTO applications include
are specially designed for controlling the following:
emissions of volatile organic com- • Valve seat material — options
pounds (VOCs) from a broad spec- include metal-to-metal seats or
trum of industries. An RTO uses ce- ceramic (soft)
ramic media as the heat-exchanger • Valve actuation mode — op-
medium, providing high heat recover- tions include hydraulic, pneumatic
ies. For the last decade, a great deal FIGURE 1. This two-canister regenerative thermal or electric
of emphasis has been placed on the oxidizer (RTO) is equipped with high-cycle horizon- • Maximum allowable leakage rate
selection of the ceramic media and tal poppet valves — typically 0 to 0.25%
burners for RTOs, while some of the • Materials of construction
most critical components of RTO op- High-cycle valve types • Resistance to condensable or-
eration — high-cycle valves — have Generally, two kinds of valves are ganics and other particulate matter
been overlooked. used in RTOs. High-cycle valves
The purpose of high-cycle valves in are connected directly to the RTO’s High-cycle butterfly valves
an RTO is to provide tight shutoff of heat-exchanger canisters, directing High-cycle butterfly valves (Fig-
the process air to maintain destruc- the flow of process air into and out ure 2) have been used in RTOs for
tion and removal efficiency (DRE) and of the canisters, which need to open more than 40 years. Consisting of a
proper heat-exchanger operation for and close every few minutes (typi- heavy-gauge flat plate inserted into
thermal energy recovery. High-cycle cally 1 to 3 minutes) on a continuous a gas stream, the high-cycle valve
valves serve to regulate the flow of air basis. Most other valves associated plate is rotated by means of a motor
and to isolate ducting and equipment with RTOs are called low-cycle valves (actuator) and linkage to control the
for maintenance without interrupt- due to their lower cycling frequency. gas-stream flow. When the valve is in
ing other connected units. Without Examples of low-cycle valves include the fully open position, the flat plate
this valve, the regenerative process isolation and diverter valves. is aligned with the direction of gas
is unattainable. This article focuses exclusively on flow and, therefore, provides very
High-cycle valve designs should high-cycle valves, which are critical little flow restriction.
consider the maximum system pres- to the overall performance of an RTO Butterfly valves occupy less space
sure, temperature changes and — namely to achieving high destruc- than any other valve style and have
stresses imposed by the connecting tion efficiencies. Figure 1 depicts broad versatility due to the virtue
ducting so as to prevent distortion a typical two-canister oxidizer with of their design. They are relatively
and misalignment of the sealing sur- high-cycle horizontal poppet valves. tight-sealing when proper torque is
faces. The sealing surfaces should RTO designs can be classified applied. They offer a simple and reli-
be of such material and design that into three categories: single-canister, able means of gas control for both
the valve will supply a tight seal over odd-canister and even-canister de- modulating and on-off applications.
a reasonable service period. Proper signs. The style of high-cycle valve To actuate (for opening or clos-
valve design is critical for high VOC used is determined by the canister ing), butterfly valves employ a cen-
destruction efficiency over a long design. Some commonly available ter-mounted rotating disc (or discs
equipment life. Cycling more than high-cycle valve designs used in that typically rotate 90 deg.) The
200,000 times per year, RTO high- RTOs include the following: solid rotating disc, which is generally
cycle valves must operate reliably • Butterfly valves (including sin- round, must resist thermal and me-
and must seal to less than 0.1% gle-blade, dual-blade and dual- chanical deformations. The type and
leakage at full system pressure. seat valves) size of the valve dictates the torque
42 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021
requirements and, by extension, the valve. This valve is located below the
actuation requirements. For example, heat recovery chambers and is either
beyond a certain torque, pneumatic electrically or hydraulically driven.
actuators become less desirable than The rotation of the valve, or the flow
hydraulic dampers due to their size. distributor, continuously controls
Butterfly valves used in regenera- the airflow from the inlet plenum to
tive thermal oxidizers typically are the one-half of the heat exchange media
on-off type with two design variations. through the combustion retention
The single-blade valve is the most chamber, through the other half of
common type. It consists of a single the heat exchange media, and then
solid disc (or blade) that seats against out through the outlet plenum.
a metal or a compressible-bulb The cylindrical canister holds 12
(ceramic) seal. pie-shaped heat-recovery cham-
The double-blade valve is used bers. The air is cycled through six
when zero leakage is required, usu- inlet chambers for preheating and
ally in applications where very high FIGURE 2. High-cycle butterfly valves used in RTOs
through six outlet chambers for re-
destruction efficiencies are desired. will employ a flat valve plate that is mechanically heating the heat exchanger bed be-
Double-bladed dampers also are rotated to control gas flow fore exiting. Before chambers switch
supplied with either a metal or a from inlet to outlet flow, they are
ceramic seat. conditions. RTO poppet valves of purged of any residual unoxidized
this type are driven pneumatically or gas. Between each set of heat-
High-cycle poppet valves electrically for high-cycle service and recovery chambers, there are two
Throughout the U.S. and in Eu- low-leakage isolation. Pneumatics additional chambers. One of these
rope, poppet valves have been or electric drive systems supply the chambers is closed off while the
used for over 25 years in two- and most reliable type of drive movement second is used to purge. This purg-
multi-canister RTOs. They consist for service where 200,000 cycles ing ensures minimal VOC spikes and
of a flat circular plate that is raised per year are expected. Poppets of maximizes destruction efficiency.
or lowered typically by an electrical this type operate best when oriented The single valve moves at several
or pneumatic actuator. When the vertically. They are also available with minutes per rotation and ensures a
flat plate is in the closed position, zero-leak blades and seats. smooth transition from inlet-to-purge
it provides a gas seal by pressing Poppet valves with three-way and to outlet-to-purge. This reduces up-
against a raised circular seat. Gas four-way configurations have also stream pressure fluctuations, which
attempting to pass through the cyl- been used in RTO systems. A three- are more typical with traditional
inder is blocked. When the valve way poppet has one inlet and two individual-canister RTO designs.
disk moves laterally, there are 12 to outlets. It cycles between two seats, The single valve, in some instances,
24 in. between its open and closed diverting flow through one while depending on the type of traditional
position. Note that poppet valves are sealing the other and vice versa. A valve-drive system, requires less
used for on-off control only — they four-way poppet has two inlets and maintenance compared to the mul-
are not appropriate for modulating two outlets, and is typically used in tiple-valve RTO system.
applications (Figure 3). compact RTO systems. However, a single-canister rotary
Poppet valves were initially devel- valve utilizes a machined metal-to-
oped for service in fabric filter systems Single-canister rotary valves metal surface (sealed air-floating
or baghouses, and later successfully The single-canister rotary valve de- rings are used to minimize metal-to-
applied to RTOs. Fabric filter systems sign eliminates the need for separate metal contact) to achieve tight seal-
require two-way service with poppets inlet, outlet and
either open or closed. System-outlet purge valves by
poppets are single-disc, low-leak replacing them
models. System bypass poppets are with a single
leak-free, and employ a double blade large valve.
and seat with seal air. These valves Rotary valve
range from 20 to 60 in. in diameter for designs have
industrial baghouses and 48 to over been applied
96 in. in diameter for power-genera- to RTOs for
tion baghouses. over 20 years.
Poppets for RTO service are more The sequence
complex in that they seal multiple gas of the multiple-
paths while diverting gas in different valve bed func-
directions. RTO systems designed tion as an inlet,
with two-way poppets should have outlet or purge
one inlet and one outlet damper, is achieved by
providing fail-safe conditions during the rotation FIGURE 3. High-cycle poppet valve systems are designed for on-off control,
power outages and upset operating of this single rather than modulating applications
www.schenckprocess.com
BUYER’S
BUYER’S
guide 2022
guide 2022
INSIDE:
Company Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Corporate Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Products & Service Index. . . . . . . . 56
Liquid, Gas and Air Handling. . . . . . 64
Solids Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Electrical Power Generation
& Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Instrumentation & Controls . . . . . . 77
Processing Equipment. . . . . . . . . . 82
Engineering Materials. . . . . . . . . . 96
Plant Maintenance
& Personnel Safety. . . . . . . . . . . 98
Design, Engineering
& Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Information Technology. . . . . . . . . 102
Environmental Services. . . . . . . . . 105
Process Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
C
FAX: 713-869-7332; sales@dynatrolusa.com; www. GA 30067 (770-952-7903; FAX: 770-933-8846; www.
dynatrolusa.com) dickow.com)
DURR SYSTEMS, INC., 26801 Northwestern Highway,
Caloris Engineering, 8649 Commerce Drive, Easton, MD Southfield, MI 48033 (248-450-2000)
21601 (410-822-6900) DÜRR SYSTEMS, INC., 830 Prosper Street, WI 54115
Capovani Brothers Inc., 704 Prestige Parkway, Scotia, NY (920-336-5715; www.durr-megtec.com)
12302 (518-346-8347; FAX: 518-381-9578) —See our ad on page 43
Durr Universal, Inc., 1925 Highway 51 - 138, Stoughton,
WV 53589 (888-300-4272; www.durr-universal.com)
E
KNF NEUBERGER, INC., 2 Black Forest Rd., Trenton,
EASTMAN, 575 Maryville Centre Drive, Saint Louis, MO
NJ 08691-1810 (609-890-8600; knfusa@knf.com;
63141 (800-433-6997)
www.knfusa.com)
EDWARDS US HEADQUARTERS, 6416 Inducon Drive
Koch Modular Process, 45 Eisenhower Drive, Suite 350,
West, Sanborn, NY 14132 (800-848-9800; FAX: 866-
GORMAN-RUPP PUMPS, P.O. Box 1217, Mansfield, OH Paramus, NJ 07652 (201-267-8670; FAX: 201-368-8989)
484-5218)
44901-1217 (419-755-1011; FAX: 419-755-1251; gr- KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS
EKATO, 48 Spruce Street, Oakland, NJ 07436 (201-825-
sales@gormanrupp.com; www.grpumps.com) 67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985)
4684 ext. 205)
Gorman-Rupp pumps are constructed to handle the —See our ad inside front cover
— See our ad on page 84
tough corrosive and abrasive chemicals that other KOERTING HANNOVER GMBH, Badenstedter Str. 56,
EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
pumps can’t handle.You’ll find our pumps handling Hannover, Germany 30453 (0511-2129-0; FAX: 0511-
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
chemicals in canneries, tanneries, automotive and 2129-223)
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
chemical plants. —See our ad on page 69
— See our ad on page 84
EMERSON, 1100 W. Louis Henna Blvd. Building One,
Round Rock, TX 78681 - 74 (800 833 8314)
ENDRESS & HAUSER INC, 2350 Endress Place, Green-
wood, IN 46143 (317-535-7138; FAX: 317-535-8498;
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www.endress.com) HAPMAN, 6002 East N Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49048
EnsureworX, 119 6 Ave SW #101, Calgary, AB, Canada (269-343-1675; FAX: 269-349-2477; sales@hapman.
T2P 0P8 com; www.hapman.com)
Komline-Sanderson Corp., 12 Holland Ave., Peapack, NJ
ENTEX Rust & Mitschke GmbH, Heinrichstraße 67a, Bo- Heat Transfer Research, Inc. (HTRI), P.O. Box 1390, Nava-
07977 (908-234-1000; FAX: 908-234-9487)
chum, NRW, Germany 44805 (+49 (0)234 89 122-0; sota, TX 77868 (979-690-5050; FAX: 979-690-3250)
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FAX: +49 (0)234 89 122-99; www.entex.de) HEMCO Corporation, 711 South Powell Road, Independence,
Krohne, Inc., 55 Cherry Hill Drive, Beverly, MA 01915 (978-
Environmental C&C, 21 Dunham Place, St. Charles, IL Missouri 64056 (816-796-2900; FAX: 816-796-3333)
535-6060; FAX: 978-535-1720)
60174-5795 (630-443-0751) Hengfengtai Precision Machinery Co., Binhai Industrial
EPIC Systems Group, 6006 Wickwood road, Peoria, IL Zone road10, 1489, Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China 325025
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www.epicmodularprocess.com)
(+86 15994268384)
Hermetic-Pumpen GmbH, Gewerbestr. 51, Gundelfingen,
Gundelfingen, Germany 79194 (49-761-5830-0; www.
L
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hermetic-pumpen.com)
HighChem Co. Ltd, Tokyo Toranomon Global Square 11th
floor, 1-3-1, Toranomon, Minato-ku, Japan 105-0001
(818033685382; FAX: 81352518576)
HONEYWELL, 101 Columbia Rd., Morristown, NJ 07962
(973-455-2000; FAX: 973-455-5722)
HONEYWELL PROCESS SOLUTIONS, 1250 W Sam LANXESS CORPORATION, 111 RIDC Park West Drive,
Houston Pkwy S, Houston, TX 77042 (832-252-3500; Pittsburgh, PA 15275 (412-809-1000; info@lanxess.
FCI-FLUID COMPONENTS INTERNATIONAL, 1755 La
www.honeywellprocess.com) com; www.lanxess.us)
Costa Meadows Dr., San Marcos, CA 92078 (760-
HRS Process Systems Ltd., 201/202, Karan Selene, 851, LAUDA DR. R. WOBSER GMBH & CO. KG, Pfarrstrasse
744-6950; FAX: 760-736-6250; eflow@fluidcompo-
Bhandarkar Road, Pune, India 411004 (+91 20 2566 41/43, Lauda-Koenigshofen, Germany 97922 (+49
nents.com; www.fluidcomponents.com)
3581; FAX: +91 20 2566 3583; mktcom@hrsasia.co.in; (0)9343 503-0; FAX: +49 (0)9343 503-222; info@lauda.
Filtration Technology Corporation, 11883 Cutten Road,
www.hrsasia.co.in) de; www.lauda.de)
Houston, TX 77006 (713-849-0849; salesce@ftc-hous-
HTE GMBH - THE HIGH THROUGHPUT EXPERIMENTA- LEWA GmbH, Ulmer Str. 10, Leonberg, Germany 71229
ton.com; www.ftc-houston.com)
TION COMPANY, Kurpfalzring 104, Heidelberg, Ger- (49-7152-14-0; www.lewa.com)
Since 1987, Filtration Technology Corporation (FTC) has
many D-69123 (+49 (0) 62 21.74 97 - 0; FAX: +49 (0) 62 LOAD CONTROLS, INC., 53 Technology Park Rd., Stur-
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21.74 97 - 137; www.hte-company.de) bridge, MA 01566 (508-347-2606; FAX: 508-347-2064)
tive products at the forefront of separation technology.
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I M
I.SAFE MOBILE GMBH, i_Park Tauberfranken 10,
Lauda-Koenigshofen, Germany 97922 (+49 9343 MACROTEK INC., 421 Bentley St. Unit 1, Markham, ON,
601480) Canada L3R 9T2 (905-415-1799)
INDECK POWER EQUIPMENT CO., 1111 Willis Ave. MAN Energy Solutions SE, Steinbrinkstraße 1, Oberhausen,
(CE), Wheeling, IL 60090 (847-541-8300; FAX: 847- Germany 46145 (+49 (0)208-69201; FAX: +49 (0)208-
FIN TUBE PRODUCTS, INC., 188 S Lyman St., Suite 541-9984; www.indeck.com) 692021)
100, Wadsworth, OH 44281 (330-334-3736; FAX: 330- — See our ad on page 15 MATERIAL TRANSFER & STORAGE INC., 1214 Lincoln
334-3848; mb@fintube.com; www.fintube.com) INEOS Electrochemical Solutions, Bankes Lane Office, Rd., P.O. Box 218, Allegan, MI 49010-0218 (269-673-
FLEXICON CORPORATION, 2400 Emrick Blvd., Beth- Bankes Lane, Runcorn, Cheshire, United Kingdom WA7 2125; FAX: 269-673-4883; www.materialtransfer.com)
lehem, PA 18020-8006 (610-814-2400; FAX: 610-814- 4JE (+44.1928.517.823) MATHWORKS, 1 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760-
0600) IPCO GERMANY GMBH, Salierstr. 35, Fellbach, Ger- 2098 (508-647-7000; FAX: 508-647-7001; www.math-
Flottweg SE, Industriestr. 6 - 8, Vilsbiburg, Germany 84137 many 70736 (+49 711 5105 0) works.com)
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JAYGO, INC., 7 Emery Ave., Randolph, NJ 07869 (908-
Fluitron, Inc., 30 Industrial Dr., Ivyland, PA 18974 (215- Metso Flow Control Inc, Vanha Porvoontie 229, Vantaa,
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JENIKE & JOHANSON INC., 400 Business Park Dr.,
fluitron.com) 483 151; www.metso.com/valves)
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FOX THERMAL, 399 Reservation Road, Marina, CA METSO MINERALS INDUSTRIES, INC., 2715 Pleasant
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FRITSCH GmbH - Milling and Sizing, Industriestrasse 8, 845-5154; www.metso.com)
ferson, NC 28694 (336-877-5571; FAX: 336-877-5579)
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6784 70-150) METTLER-TOLEDO PROCESS ANALYTICS, 900 Middle-
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FRITSCH Milling & Sizing, Inc., 57 Grant Drive, Suite G, sex Turnpike, Building 8, Billerica, MA 01821 (800 352
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METTLER-TOLEDO, LLC, 1900 Polaris Pkwy., Colum-
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peinc.com)
Pope Scientific manufactures chemical processing SIERRA INSTRUMENTS, INC., 5 Harris Ct., Bldg. L,
equipment, engineered systems & laboratory appa- Monterey, CA 93940 (831-373-0200; FAX: 831-373-
ratus for distillation, separation, purification & mix- 4402; info@sierrainstruments.com; www.sierrainstru-
NEL HYDROGEN, 10 Technology Drive, Wallingford, CT
ing applications. Lab, pilot & large-scale production ments.com)
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sizes. Toll processing & feasibility testing. SPX Flow Technology, 4647 S.W. 40th Ave., Ocala, FL
NEUHAUS NEOTEC Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH,
POSI-FLATE, 1125 Willow Lake Blvd., St. Paul, MN 34474 (353-873-5793; FAX: 352-873-5770)
Fockestraße 67, Ganderkesee, Germany D-27777 (+49
55110-5193 (651-484-5800; FAX: 651-484-7015; www. Stedman Machine Company, 129 Franklin Street, Aurora,
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posiflate.com) IN 47001 (812-926-0038; FAX: 812-926-3482)
Niagara Transformer Corp., 1755 Dale Road, Buffalo, NY
PRM Filtration, 200 20th Street, Raleigh, NC 27509 (888- Strobic Air Technologies, 140 W. Orvilla Road, Lansdale,
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873-2848; shop.prmfiltration.com) PA 19446 (215-723-4700; FAX: 215-723-7401)
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SULZER CHEMTECH, Neuwiesenstrasse 15, Winter-
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R. STAHL, Am Bahnof 30, Waldenburg, Germany 74638
PARATHERM – HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS, 2009 Renais- www.thyssenkrupp-industrial-solutions.com)
(+49 (0) 7942-943-0; FAX: +49 (0) 7942-943-4333;
sance Boulevard, King of Prussia, PA 19406 (610- TLV CORPORATION, 13901 S. Lakes Dr., Charlotte, NC
www.r-stahl.com)
941-4900; FAX: 610-941-9191) 28273 (704-597-9070; FAX: 704-583-1610; www.tlv.
REMBE GMBH SAFETY + CONTROL, Gallbergweg 21,
com)
Brilon, Germany 59929 (+49 2961 7405-0; FAX: +49
—See our ad on page 65
2961 50714; www.rembe.de)
Toray Membrane USA, Inc., 13435 Danielson Street 92064
REMBE INC., 3809 Beam Road Ste K, Charlotte, NC
(858-218-2360; FAX: 858-218-2380)
28217 (704-716-7022; FAX: 704-716-7025)
Tuthill Vacuum & Blower Systems, 4840 W. Kearney Street,
Roots Systems, Inc., 2711 Gray Fox Road, A315, Monroe,
Springfield, MO 65803-8702 (417-865-8715; FAX: 417-
NC 28110 (832-598-7680; FAX: 704-282-4305)
865-2950)
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Tylok Fittings & Valves, 1061 E 260th St, Cleveland, OH
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
PARR INSTRUMENT COMPANY, 211 53rd Street, Mo- 44132 (216-261-7310; FAX: 216-261-7317; www.tylok.
234-0691; www.mixers.com)
line, IL 61265 (309-762-7716; FAX: 309-762-9453; lisa. com)
randolph@parrinst.com; www.parrinst.com)
Parr designs and manufactures high quality chemi-
cal reactors, pressure vessels, high pressure tubular
reactors, custom designed reactor systems, calorim-
S U
eters, combustion vessels, and related equipment SAINT-GOBAIN NORPRO CORP., 3840 Fishcreek Road,
UIC INC., 1225 Channahon Rd., P.O. Box 863, Joliet,
developed specifically for laboratory use. Stow, OH 44224 (330-673-5860; FAX: 330-677-7245;
IL 60434-0863 (815-744-4477; FAX: 815-744-1561;
PCE Instruments UK Ltd, Unit 11 South Point, Ensign Way, www.saintgobain.com)
warmstrong@uicinc.com; www.uicinc.com)
Hamble, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom SAP FILTER PVT LTD, Plot No. A- 5, Sector- 1, The Vasai
UNIFLUX / EXOTHERM CORP., 31369 Nichols Sawmill
SO31 4RF (+44 (0) 2380 987030; FAX: +44 (0) 2380 Taluka Indl. C, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 401208
Road, Magnolia, TX 77355 (713-981-9100; FAX: 713-
987039) (9167970213; FAX: 91 250 2458982; sapfilters@gmail.
981-7081; info@exotherm.com; www.exotherm.com)
Pentair, 4301 W. Davis, Conroe, TX 77304 (936-788-1000; com; www.sapfilter.com)
—See our ad on page 57
separations@pentair.com; www.pentairseparations.com) SAP FILTERS PVT LTD has made a mark in manufactur-
PEPPERL+FUCHS SE, Lilienthalstrasse 200, Mannheim, ing and exporting a spectrum of filtration equipment. Its
Germany 68307 (+49-621-776-0; FAX: +49-621-776- product range is renowned for its quality and durability.
1000; www.pepperl-fuchs.com) SARTORIUS - CHEMICAL & CONSUMER CARE, Otto-
Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH, Berliner Strasse 43, Asslar, Ger- Brenner-Straße 20, Goettingen , Germany 37079
many 35614 (+49-6441-802 0; FAX: +49-6441-802 (+49-(0)551 3084756; www.sartorius.com/chemicals)
1202; www.pfeiffer-vacuum.com/) SCHENCK PROCESS, 7901 NW 107th Terrace, Kansas
Pfeiffer Vacuum, Inc., 24 Trafalgar Square, Nashua, NH City, MO 64153 (816-891-9300; FAX: 816-891-8336;
03063 (800-248-8254; FAX: 603-578-6550; www.pfeiffer- www.schenckprocess.com)
vacuum.com/) SEEQ CORPORATION, 1301 2nd Avenue, Ste. 2850,
UNIVERSAL FLOW MONITORS, INC., 1755 E. Nine Mile
Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co.KG, Flachsmarktstr. 8, Seattle, WA 98101 (206-801-9339)
Rd., Hazel Park, MI 48030 (248-542-9635; FAX: 248-
Blomberg, Germany 32825 (+49 (0)5235-300; www. SENTRY EQUIPMENT CORP, 966 Blue Ribbon Circle
398-4274; ufmsales@flowmeters.com; www.flowme-
phoenixcontact.com) North, Oconomowoc, WI 53066 (262-567-7256; FAX:
ters.com/products)
PICK HEATERS INC., 730 S. Indiana Ave., P.O. Box 516, 262-567-4523)
Universal Flow Monitors manufactures flow moni-
West Bend, WI 53095 (262-338-1191; FAX: 262-338- SEW-EURODRIVE PTE. LTD., No 9, Tuas Drive 2, Jurong
tors ideal for most fluids and gases. We offer vortex
8489; www.pickheaters.com) Industrial Estate, Singapore, Singapore 638644 (+65
shedding, variable area, DP laminar flow, electro-
PINK GMBH THERMOSYSTEME, Am Kessler 6, 97877 68621701; FAX: +65 68612827)
magnetic and turbine technologies, providing local
Wertheim, Germany (0049-9342-919-0; FAX: 0049- Shijiazhuang Langrong Chemical Co., Ltd, No. 298 Zhong-
rate display, transmitters and switches.
9342-919-111; www.pink.de) hua N Avenue, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, China 50000 (+86-
PLAST-O-MATIC VALVES INC., 1384 Pompton Ave., 311-87713810; FAX: +86-311- 87713815)
Cedar Grove, NJ 07009-1095 (973-256-3000; FAX:
973-256-4745)
— See our ad on page 33
SICK, INC., 6900 West 110th Street, Bloomington, MN
55438 (800-325-7425; www.sick.com)
SICK is one of the world’s leading manufacturers
V
POMPETRAVAINI SPA, via per turbigo 44, Castano of sensors, customized systems, and services for VACUUBRAND, INC., 11 Bokum Rd., Essex, CT 06426
Primo, Italy 20022 (+39 0331 889 000; FAX: +39 0331 analysis and process measurement technology. The (860-767-5341; www.vacuubrand.com)
889 057) diversity of its product line allows SICK to offer solu- Valcor Engineering Corp, 2 Lawrence Road, Springfield,
— See our ad on page 47 tions at every phase of production. NJ 08753 (973-467-8400)
Z
Germany, Germany 77761 (+49 7836 50-0; www. 9418-156; www.welland-tuxhorn.de)
vega.com) Wenck Associates, Inc., 7500 Olson Memorial Hwy, Suite
VESCONITE BEARINGS, 77 Mimetes Rd, Denver, Jo- 300, Golden Valley, MN 55427 (763-252-6800; FAX: N/A)
hannesburg, Rep. of South Africa 2094 (+27 11 616 WYSSMONT COMPANY, INC., 1470 Bergen Blvd, Fort Lee,
Zeeco, Inc., 22151 E. 91st St., Broken Arrow, OK 74014
111; FAX: 713-574-7255; vesconite@vesconite.com; NJ 07024 (201-947-4600; FAX: 201-947-0324)
(918-258-8551; FAX: 918-251-5519)
www.vesconite.com)
ZIRCAR Refractory Composites Inc., P.O. Box 489, Florida,
X
Vortex, 1725 Vortex Avenue, Salina, KS 67401-1768 (785-
NY 10921 (845-651-2200; FAX: 845-651-1515)
825-7177; FAX: 785-825-7194)
ZOOK ENTERPRISES, 16809 Park Circle Drive, Chagrin
Falls, OH 44023 (440-543-1010)
Y
Wabash Power Equipment Co., 444 Carpenter Ave.,
Wheeling, IL 60090-0427 (847-541-5600; FAX: 847-541-
1279; info@wabashpower.com; www.wabashpower.
com)
Yokogawa Corporation of America, 12530 W Airport Blvd,
Waste-to-Energy, Salt Lake City, 2 Dawn Hill, Salt Lake City,
Sugar Land, TX 77478 (281-340-3800; FAX: 770-254-
UT 84092 (360-961-4624)
1337)
American Elements
American Elements The company’s
10884 Weyburn Ave. over 35,000
Los Angeles, CA 90024 page online
Telephone: 310-208-0551 catalog is annu-
ally viewed by
Email: customerservice@americanelements.com
more than 1.2
www.americanelements.com million visitors
and more than
30,000 Twit-
ter followers.
American Ele-
ments’ thousands of customers include 30 percent of the Fortune
50 list of America’s largest corporations and all U.S. national labs
and military branches.
ENGINEERED MATERIALS ON A
COMMERCIAL SCALE
Since our production begins at the mine in our mineral refining
and chemical separations operations in China, Mexico and the
U.S., your cost will remain as low as your specifications demand.
The combination of world class U.S. based research, development,
analysis and certification
with a fully integrated
global manufacturing
operation allows us to
both certify to the high-
est possible U.S. stan-
dards and at the same
time provide materials
at the lowest possible
world prices.
Exotherm Corporation
Exotherm Corporation TURNDOWN
31369 Nichols Sawmill Road The normal turndown ratio of
Magnolia, TX 77355 the Uniflux Convection Heater
Phone: 713-981-9100 is 10:1. Turndown ratios of
40:1 can be achieved with cus-
Fax: 713-981-7081
tom designed burner controls.
E-mail: info@exotherm.com
www.exotherm.com
SAFETY AND RELIABILITY
UNIFLUX/EXOTHERM Each Uniflux Convection Heater is equipped with a field proven
Exotherm Corporation is a leader in providing custom designed burner management system and safety controls. The heater and
all of its controls are completely shop assembled. The control sys-
fired heaters to the chemical processing and oil and gas
tem is tested at the factory to ensure safe and reliable operation
processing industries. when installed.
CONVECTION LOWER
HEAT TRANSFER INSTALLATION
Exotherm’s Uniflux COSTS
Convection Heater was
The Uniflux Convection
developed fifty years Heater is designed as a
ago to overcome the package and is completely
problems of overheating assembled at the factory.
and degrading heat sen- Smaller heaters are shipped as a complete package. Larger heaters
sitive process fluids that customers experienced with their existing are disassembled into three major components. This makes instal-
fired heaters. lation easy and less costly.
53
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021
Corporate Capabilities Profile Information Page
TLV
®
The TrapMan Steam Trap
Management System includes
the TM5N portable data collec-
tion and measurement unit and
®
Windows -based TrapMan-
®
ager software, which is loaded
on a personal compputer. The
TM5N captures both ultrasound
and contact temperature mea-
surements from traps at the site.
When uploaded to a PC, Trap-
®
Manager analyzes the data and
makes an automatic judgment of
the trap’s condition, highlighting steam traps that require atten-
®
tion. TrapManager provides detailed printed reports including
trap logs, histories, and results analysis to effect optimal mainte-
TLV’s PowerDyne® series
nance budget allocation.
®
TLV introduced the Free Float concept to the steam industry
over 45 years ago. Unlike other designs, there are no levers or
steam system. CES services can provide a full steam and conden-
sate balance to enable effective short and mid-term planning.
linkages. The balanced float itself is the only moving part and can TLV believes that true customer satisfaction can only be obtained
achieve a nearly perfect sphericity, creating an unmatched sealing by finding solutions to the various challenges encountered while
®
performance. PowerDyne disc traps include an air vent devel-
oped and patented by TLV to enable mirror-finish surfaces. The
running businesses and operating steam plants. TLV Consulting
& Engineering Services is designed to find the best solutions to
result is that both series provide exceptional energy efficiency. increase productivity, maximize energy savings, improve quality
® ®
TLV Free Float and PowerDyne traps are designed for severe
service operation. Even at high pressures and temperatures, they
and promote environmental conservation. CES activities are the
embodiment of a complete customer satisfaction philosophy.
provide excellent durability and resistance to water hammer and
superheat, ensuring long and reliable operation.
ANIVI
ANIVI INGENIERIA,S.L. size, there some basic steps a project must follow to succeed. After
Avad. Chorierri, 8 decades of experience in the grinding and classification, solids drying
48180 Loiu Spain and calcination, ANIVI is able to offer advisory services in all of the
Tel: +34 94 453 19 00 required steps.
info@anivi.com These services may include:
www.anivi.com • Process prefeasibility and • Process optimization
feasibility • Lay-out studies
• Laboratory and pilot • Machine manufacturing
plant tests • Erection supervision
• Project cost evaluation • Start-up and commissioning
OPTIMIZING SOLIDS GRINDING, DRYING OR To offer this, ANIVI has a group of high skilled engineers, together
CALCINATION PROCESSES with a laboratory, and a pilot plant with several machines in order
For big projects, big engineering companies provide excellent con- to provide process information at a semiindustrial scale, that can be
sultancy services. But for small/medium size projects involving cer- used in the final design of the process plant machines.
tain operations, ANIVI can help technicians from the first decisions up
The sectors that can be attended include industrial minerals, cement,
to the machinery start-up and commissioning.
wall and floor tile manufacturing, mining, chemical, waste treat-
An old sentence states: ments, recycling, incineration, energy and others in which the de-
“Years to take a decision scribed basic operations are necessary.
and when it is taken,
Nowadays, it is very important to pay a lot of attention to the envi-
months to develop it”.
ronmental factors in all the newcoming projects. In its services ANIVI
This is a common situa-
take much care of it. All ANIVI engineers have strong knowledge of
tion for many profession-
the last regulations and norms, and this basic principle rules all the
als. When it is time to
designs and advices.
execute after long time
of technical and financial Finally, in terms of economy, ANIVI helps the project managers to fulfil
studies, hurries start. the budgets offering the most accurate designs to reach the highest
productivity in the shortest time period.
Regardless of the project
55
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2021
BUYERS’ GUIDE
11
CHAPTER
LIQUID, TITLE,
GAS, AND AIR HANDLING
64 Associations
64 Compressors
ON TWO LINES
64 Air separation equipment
PowerDyne ®
FANS & BLOWERS PIPE, ALLOY STEEL Pumps, centrifugal, single stage
Bungartz GmbH & Co. KG, Paul, Duesseldorf, Germany
Blowers, centrifugal, compressor- Pipe, nickel & nickel alloy Dickow Pump Co., Marietta, GA
GEA GROUP, 9165 Rumsey Road, Columbia, MD 21045
type BUTTING Group, Knesebeck, Germany (800-722-6622; www.gea.com)
—See our ad on page 23
INDECK POWER EQUIPMENT CO., 1111 Willis Ave.
(CE), Wheeling, IL 60090 (847-541-8300; FAX: 847-
Pipe, stainless steel GORMAN-RUPP PUMPS, P.O. Box 1217, Mansfield, OH
541-9984; www.indeck.com) BUTTING Group, Knesebeck, Germany 44901-1217 (419-755-1011; FAX: 419-755-1251; gr-
—See our ad on page 15 sales@gormanrupp.com; www.grpumps.com)
KAESER COMPRESSORS, INC., PO Box 946, Freder- Pipe, stainless steel, duplex POMPETRAVAINI SPA, via per turbigo 44, Castano
icksburg, VA 22404 (800-981-6888; FAX: 540-898- BUTTING Group, Knesebeck, Germany Primo, Italy 20022 (+39 0331 889 000; FAX: +39 0331
5520; info.usa@kaeser.com; us.kaeser.com/chemeng) 889 057)
—See our ad on page 47
Blowers, positive displacement PIPE, COPPER & COPPER
KAESER COMPRESSORS, INC., PO Box 946, Freder-
Pumps, leakproof
icksburg, VA 22404 (800-981-6888; FAX: 540-898- ALLOYS Dickow Pump Co., Marietta, GA
Hermetic-Pumpen GmbH, Gundelfingen, Germany
5520; info.usa@kaeser.com; us.kaeser.com/chemeng)
POMPETRAVAINI SPA, via per turbigo 44, Castano
Primo, Italy 20022 (+39 0331 889 000; FAX: +39 0331
Pipe, copper alloy
889 057) BUTTING Group, Knesebeck, Germany PUMPS, OTHER
—See our ad on page 47
Roots Systems, Inc., Monroe, NC
Tuthill Vacuum & Blower Systems, Springfield, MO PIPE, NONMETALLIC Pumps, acid, corrosive
Dickow Pump Co., Marietta, GA
Blowers, rotary piston GORMAN-RUPP PUMPS, P.O. Box 1217, Mansfield, OH
Roots Systems, Inc., Monroe, NC
Pipe, rubber 44901-1217 (419-755-1011; FAX: 419-755-1251; gr-
Tuthill Vacuum & Blower Systems, Springfield, MO PROCO PRODUCTS, INC., 2431 N. Wigwam Dr., Stock- sales@gormanrupp.com; www.grpumps.com)
ton, CA 95205 (209-943-6088; FAX: 209-943-0242; Hermetic-Pumpen GmbH, Gundelfingen, Germany
Boosters, rotary piston www.procoproducts.com) JLS INTERNATIONAL, INC., 381 Fawn Lane, West Jef-
ferson, NC 28694 (336-877-5571; FAX: 336-877-5579)
Roots Systems, Inc., Monroe, NC KNF NEUBERGER, INC., 2 Black Forest Rd., Trenton, NJ
Tuthill Vacuum & Blower Systems, Springfield, MO
PIPE, OTHER 08691-1810 (609-890-8600; knfusa@knf.com; www.
Fans, heavy duty knfusa.com)
LEWA GmbH, Leonberg, Germany
INDECK POWER EQUIPMENT CO., 1111 Willis Ave. Pipe, containment PLAST-O-MATIC VALVES INC., 1384 Pompton Ave.,
(CE), Wheeling, IL 60090 (847-541-8300; FAX: 847- Ametek Fluoropolymer Products, Nesquehoning, PA Cedar Grove, NJ 07009-1095 (973-256-3000; FAX:
541-9984; www.indeck.com) 973-256-4745)
—See our ad on page 15 —See our ad on page 33
PIPE, PLASTIC Pumps, air driven
FLEXIBLE HOSE, METALLIC & CROLL REYNOLDS CO. INC., Six Campus Drive, Par-
Pipe, PTFE sippany, NJ 07054 (908-232-4200; FAX: 908-232-2146;
NONMETALLIC PROCO PRODUCTS, INC., 2431 N. Wigwam Dr., Stock- info@croll.com; www.croll.com)
ton, CA 95205 (209-943-6088; FAX: 209-943-0242; KNF NEUBERGER, INC., 2 Black Forest Rd., Trenton, NJ
Hose, chemically resistant www.procoproducts.com) 08691-1810 (609-890-8600; knfusa@knf.com; www.
knfusa.com)
Ametek Fluoropolymer Products, Nesquehoning, PA PLAST-O-MATIC VALVES INC., 1384 Pompton Ave.,
Hose, metallic PUMP PARTS & FITTINGS Cedar Grove, NJ 07009-1095 (973-256-3000; FAX:
973-256-4745)
PROCO PRODUCTS, INC., 2431 N. Wigwam Dr., Stock- —See our ad on page 33
ton, CA 95205 (209-943-6088; FAX: 209-943-0242; Pumps parts & accessories
www.procoproducts.com) ACCA Pumps, Katy, TX Pumps, axial flow
SWAGELOK CO., 29500 Solon Road, Solon, OH 44139- Tuthill Vacuum & Blower Systems, Springfield, MO
2764 (440-248-4600; www.swagelok.com)
Pumps, jacketed
Bungartz GmbH & Co. KG, Paul, Duesseldorf, Germany
Hermetic-Pumpen GmbH, Gundelfingen, Germany
LEWA GmbH, Leonberg, Germany
Pumps, other
KNF NEUBERGER, INC., 2 Black Forest Rd., Trenton,
NJ 08691-1810 (609-890-8600; knfusa@knf.com;
www.knfusa.com)
Pumps, peristaltic
BLUE-WHITE INDUSTRIES, 5300 Business Drive,
Huntington Beach, CA 92649 (714-893-8529; FAX:
714-895-9492; sales@blue-white.com; www.blue-
white.com)
Pumps, sealless
JLS INTERNATIONAL, INC., 381 Fawn Lane, West Jef-
ferson, NC 28694 (336-877-5571; FAX: 336-877-5579)
LEWA GmbH, Leonberg, Germany
Pumps, sludge
ACCA Pumps, Katy, TX
GORMAN-RUPP PUMPS, P.O. Box 1217, Mansfield, OH
44901-1217 (419-755-1011; FAX: 419-755-1251; gr-
sales@gormanrupp.com; www.grpumps.com)
Komline-Sanderson Corp., 12 Holland Ave., Peapack, NJ
07977 (908-234-1000; FAX: 908-234-9487)
—See our ad on page 69
Pumps, slurry
GORMAN-RUPP PUMPS, P.O. Box 1217, Mansfield, OH
44901-1217 (419-755-1011; FAX: 419-755-1251; gr-
sales@gormanrupp.com; www.grpumps.com)
METSO MINERALS INDUSTRIES, INC., 2715 Pleasant
Valley Road, York, PA 17402 (717-843-8671; FAX: 717-
845-5154; www.metso.com)
—See our ad on page 39
Pumps, transfer
GEA GROUP, 9165 Rumsey Road, Columbia, MD 21045
(800-722-6622; www.gea.com)
—See our ad on page 23
GORMAN-RUPP PUMPS, P.O. Box 1217, Mansfield, OH
44901-1217 (419-755-1011; FAX: 419-755-1251; gr-
sales@gormanrupp.com; www.grpumps.com)
JLS INTERNATIONAL, INC., 381 Fawn Lane, West Jef-
ferson, NC 28694 (336-877-5571; FAX: 336-877-5579) For details visit adlinks.chemengonline.com/80076-18
jacketed
POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora
Tubing, evaporator
Ametek Fluoropolymer Products, Nesquehoning, PA
i n va cuum a nd
Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300;
FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po-
CAST-X Circulation Heaters, Batavia, IL
e nv i ro nme ntal
peinc.com) Tubing, finned
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
FIN TUBE PRODUCTS, INC., 188 S Lyman St., Suite
100, Wadsworth, OH 44281 (330-334-3736; FAX: 330-
e ngi ne e r i ng
234-0691; www.mixers.com) 334-3848; mb@fintube.com; www.fintube.com)
Tanks, custom fabricated Tubing, heat exchanger
POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora CAST-X Circulation Heaters, Batavia, IL
Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300; FIN TUBE PRODUCTS, INC., 188 S Lyman St., Suite
FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po- 100, Wadsworth, OH 44281 (330-334-3736; FAX: 330-
peinc.com) 334-3848; mb@fintube.com; www.fintube.com)
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- Tubing, high pressure
234-0691; www.mixers.com)
CAST-X Circulation Heaters, Batavia, IL
+49 511 2129-0 | sales@koerting.de
Tubing, high temperature
CAST-X Circulation Heaters, Batavia, IL For details visit adlinks.chemengonline.com/80076-17
2
SOLIDS HANDLING
72 Associations
72 Bins & other dry storage equipment
72 Bulk carriers, loading & unloading equipment
72 Coating, forming & agglomeration equipment
72 Conveyors & elevators for bulk materials
73 Lifting equipment
73 Packaging equipment
73 Solids handling equipment & systems, other
74 Weighing, feeding & proportioning equipment
Conveyors, gravity
www.usa.siemens.com/pablog)
SOLIDS HANDLING
DYNAMIC AIR INC., 1125 Willow Lake Blvd., St. Paul, MN Solids feeders, continuous flow EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS,
55110-5193 (651-484-2900; FAX: 651-484-7015; www. JENIKE & JOHANSON INC., 400 Business Park Dr.,
dynamicair.com) Tyngsboro, MA 01879-1077 (978-649-3300; FAX: 978-
649-3399)
OTHER
Conveyors, other SCHENCK PROCESS, 7901 NW 107th Terrace, Kansas
HAPMAN, 6002 East N Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49048 City, MO 64153 (816-891-9300; FAX: 816-891-8336; Barrel handling equipment
(269-343-1675; FAX: 269-349-2477; sales@hapman. www.schenckprocess.com) MATERIAL TRANSFER & STORAGE INC., 1214 Lincoln
com; www.hapman.com) Thayer Scale, Pembroke, MA Rd., P.O. Box 218, Allegan, MI 49010-0218 (269-673-
2125; FAX: 269-673-4883; www.materialtransfer.com)
Conveyors, pneumatic Solids feeders, gravimetric
COPERION / COPERION K-TRON, 606 North Front COPERION / COPERION K-TRON, 606 North Front Drum handling equipment
Street, Salina, KS 67401 (785-825-1611; www.coperion. Street, Salina, KS 67401 (785-825-1611; www.coperion. BENKO PRODUCTS, INC., 5350 Evergreen Pkwy., Shef-
com) com) field Village, OH 44054 (440-934-2180; FAX: 440-934-
DYNAMIC AIR INC., 1125 Willow Lake Blvd., St. Paul, MN SCHENCK PROCESS, 7901 NW 107th Terrace, Kansas 4052; www.benkoproducts.com)
55110-5193 (651-484-2900; FAX: 651-484-7015; www. City, MO 64153 (816-891-9300; FAX: 816-891-8336; FLEXICON CORPORATION, 2400 Emrick Blvd., Beth-
dynamicair.com) www.schenckprocess.com) lehem, PA 18020-8006 (610-814-2400; FAX: 610-814-
FLEXICON CORPORATION, 2400 Emrick Blvd., Beth- Thayer Scale, Pembroke, MA 0600)
lehem, PA 18020-8006 (610-814-2400; FAX: 610-814- MATERIAL TRANSFER & STORAGE INC., 1214 Lincoln
0600) Solids feeders, proportioning Rd., P.O. Box 218, Allegan, MI 49010-0218 (269-673-
HAPMAN, 6002 East N Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49048 SCHENCK PROCESS, 7901 NW 107th Terrace, Kansas 2125; FAX: 269-673-4883; www.materialtransfer.com)
(269-343-1675; FAX: 269-349-2477; sales@hapman. City, MO 64153 (816-891-9300; FAX: 816-891-8336;
com; www.hapman.com) www.schenckprocess.com) Materials handling systems
JENIKE & JOHANSON INC., 400 Business Park Dr., Acrison, Inc.
Tyngsboro, MA 01879-1077 (978-649-3300; FAX: 978- Solids feeders, rotary BEUMER GROUP GMBH & CO. KG, Oelder Str. 40, Bec-
649-3399) SCHENCK PROCESS, 7901 NW 107th Terrace, Kansas kum, Germany 59269 (+49 2521 240; FAX: +49 2521
Palamatic Process Inc, PHILADELPHIA, PA City, MO 64153 (816-891-9300; FAX: 816-891-8336; 24280; www.beumergroup.com)
SCHENCK PROCESS, 7901 NW 107th Terrace, Kansas www.schenckprocess.com) COPERION / COPERION K-TRON, 606 North Front
City, MO 64153 (816-891-9300; FAX: 816-891-8336; Street, Salina, KS 67401 (785-825-1611; www.coperion.
www.schenckprocess.com) Solids feeders, vibrating or com)
Thayer Scale, Pembroke, MA HAPMAN, 6002 East N Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49048
oscillating (269-343-1675; FAX: 269-349-2477; sales@hapman.
Conveyors, portable DYNAMIC AIR INC., 1125 Willow Lake Blvd., St. Paul, MN com; www.hapman.com)
HAPMAN, 6002 East N Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49048 55110-5193 (651-484-2900; FAX: 651-484-7015; www. IPCO GERMANY GMBH, Salierstr. 35, Fellbach, Germany
(269-343-1675; FAX: 269-349-2477; sales@hapman. dynamicair.com) 70736 (+49 711 5105 0)
com; www.hapman.com) SCHENCK PROCESS, 7901 NW 107th Terrace, Kansas JENIKE & JOHANSON INC., 400 Business Park Dr.,
City, MO 64153 (816-891-9300; FAX: 816-891-8336; Tyngsboro, MA 01879-1077 (978-649-3300; FAX: 978-
Conveyors, screw www.schenckprocess.com) 649-3399)
FLEXICON CORPORATION, 2400 Emrick Blvd., Beth- MATERIAL TRANSFER & STORAGE INC., 1214 Lincoln
lehem, PA 18020-8006 (610-814-2400; FAX: 610-814-
Solids feeders, volumetric Rd., P.O. Box 218, Allegan, MI 49010-0218 (269-673-
0600) COPERION / COPERION K-TRON, 606 North Front 2125; FAX: 269-673-4883; www.materialtransfer.com)
HAPMAN, 6002 East N Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49048 Street, Salina, KS 67401 (785-825-1611; www.coperion. SCHENCK PROCESS, 7901 NW 107th Terrace, Kansas
(269-343-1675; FAX: 269-349-2477; sales@hapman. com) City, MO 64153 (816-891-9300; FAX: 816-891-8336;
com; www.hapman.com) JENIKE & JOHANSON INC., 400 Business Park Dr., www.schenckprocess.com)
Palamatic Process Inc, PHILADELPHIA, PA Tyngsboro, MA 01879-1077 (978-649-3300; FAX: 978-
649-3399) Palletizers
Conveyors, vacuum SCHENCK PROCESS, 7901 NW 107th Terrace, Kansas BEUMER GROUP GMBH & CO. KG, Oelder Str. 40, Bec-
CROLL REYNOLDS CO. INC., Six Campus Drive, Parsip- City, MO 64153 (816-891-9300; FAX: 816-891-8336; kum, Germany 59269 (+49 2521 240; FAX: +49 2521
pany, NJ 07054 (908-232-4200; FAX: 908-232-2146; www.schenckprocess.com) 24280; www.beumergroup.com)
info@croll.com; www.croll.com) Thayer Scale, Pembroke, MA
HAPMAN, 6002 East N Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49048 Robotic components
(269-343-1675; FAX: 269-349-2477; sales@hapman. BEUMER GROUP GMBH & CO. KG, Oelder Str. 40, Bec-
com; www.hapman.com) LIFTING EQUIPMENT kum, Germany 59269 (+49 2521 240; FAX: +49 2521
24280; www.beumergroup.com)
Conveyors, vibrating Hoists
DYNAMIC AIR INC., 1125 Willow Lake Blvd., St. Paul, MN Storage systems
MATERIAL TRANSFER & STORAGE INC., 1214 Lincoln BENKO PRODUCTS, INC., 5350 Evergreen Pkwy., Shef-
55110-5193 (651-484-2900; FAX: 651-484-7015; www.
Rd., P.O. Box 218, Allegan, MI 49010-0218 (269-673- field Village, OH 44054 (440-934-2180; FAX: 440-934-
dynamicair.com)
2125; FAX: 269-673-4883; www.materialtransfer.com) 4052; www.benkoproducts.com)
HAPMAN, 6002 East N Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49048
(269-343-1675; FAX: 269-349-2477; sales@hapman. BEUMER GROUP GMBH & CO. KG, Oelder Str. 40, Bec-
kum, Germany 59269 (+49 2521 240; FAX: +49 2521
com; www.hapman.com)
PACKAGING EQUIPMENT 24280; www.beumergroup.com)
Conveyors, weighing JENIKE & JOHANSON INC., 400 Business Park Dr.,
HAPMAN, 6002 East N Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49048 Bag filling machines Tyngsboro, MA 01879-1077 (978-649-3300; FAX: 978-
649-3399)
(269-343-1675; FAX: 269-349-2477; sales@hapman. BEUMER GROUP GMBH & CO. KG, Oelder Str. 40, Bec-
com; www.hapman.com)
SIEMENS PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION, 2060 Detwiler
kum, Germany 59269 (+49 2521 240; FAX: +49 2521 Valves, diverter conveyor
24280; www.beumergroup.com)
Road, Suite 111, Harleysville, PA 19438 (800-365-8766; DYNAMIC AIR INC., 1125 Willow Lake Blvd., St. Paul, MN
MATERIAL TRANSFER & STORAGE INC., 1214 Lincoln
piabu-requestinformation.industry@siemens.com; 55110-5193 (651-484-2900; FAX: 651-484-7015; www.
Rd., P.O. Box 218, Allegan, MI 49010-0218 (269-673-
www.usa.siemens.com/pablog) dynamicair.com)
2125; FAX: 269-673-4883; www.materialtransfer.com)
Thayer Scale, Pembroke, MA SCHENCK PROCESS, 7901 NW 107th Terrace, Kansas
Couplings, pneumatic conveyors Bag, empty, handling systems City, MO 64153 (816-891-9300; FAX: 816-891-8336;
www.schenckprocess.com)
BEUMER GROUP GMBH & CO. KG, Oelder Str. 40, Bec-
HAPMAN, 6002 East N Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49048 kum, Germany 59269 (+49 2521 240; FAX: +49 2521
(269-343-1675; FAX: 269-349-2477; sales@hapman. 24280; www.beumergroup.com)
com; www.hapman.com)
3
ELECTRICAL POWER
GENERATION & TRANSMISSION
75 Associations 76 Electrical heating equipment
75 Boilers, industrial 76 Lighting fixtures
75 Cable & conduit 76 Motor controls
75 Drives, Other 76 Motors, electric
75 Drives, Turbine 76 Other electrical equipment
76 Electrical & power
generation equipment
EQUIPMENT
Heaters, electric immersion
CAST-X Circulation Heaters, Batavia, IL
4
INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROLS
77 Associations 79 Indicators
77 Actuators, operators 80 Measurement & testing
77 Analyzers, offstream equipment
78 Analyzers, onstream 81 Recorders
78 Computers, process control 81 Transmitters & data transmission
78 Controllers equipment
79 Data presentation equipment
5
PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
82 Associations 88 Heat transfer media
82 Air conditioning & refrigeration 88 Heating & cooling
equipment equipment, other
82 Centrifuges 89 Kilns, ovens & furnaces
83 Classifiers & gravity separators 89 Mixing equipment for fluids
83 Cooling tower systems 90 Mixing equipment for solids &
83 Custom fabricated equipment fluids
83 Dryers 92 Packings, trays for towers &
85 Dust collectors & separators columns
85 Electrochemical equipment 92 Process vessels & reactors
85 Entrainment separation 93 Reaction & separation
equipment equipment, other
85 Evaporators & crystallizers 93 Screening equipment
86 Filter media & aids 93 Scrubbers
86 Filtration equipment 94 Size reduction equipment
87 Heat exchangers, 94 Towers & columns
condensers & coolers 95 Water treatment equipment
CONSULTING
—See our ad on page 84
FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; Dryers, vacuum
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) PAUL O. ABBE, 201 Hanson Ct. Suite 125, Wood Dale,
MODERNIZATION IL 60191 (630-350-3012; FAX: 630-238-7584) 48601 (989-757-1300; FAX: 989-757-1301; www.bplit-
—See our ad on page 15 tleford.com)
JLS INTERNATIONAL, INC., 381 Fawn Lane, West Jef- BUSS-SMS-CANZLER GMBH, Kaiserstr. 13-15, Butz-
ferson, NC 28694 (336-877-5571; FAX: 336-877-5579)
PINK GMBH THERMOSYSTEME, Am Kessler 6, 97877
bach, Germany 35510 (49-6033-85-0; FAX: 49-6033-
85-249)
YOUR PROCESSES ARE Wertheim, Germany (0049-9342-919-0; FAX: 0049- CROLL REYNOLDS CO. INC., Six Campus Drive, Par-
sippany, NJ 07054 (908-232-4200; FAX: 908-232-2146;
9342-919-111; www.pink.de)
DEVELOPING – WHAT ABOUT Dryers, spiral screw
info@croll.com; www.croll.com)
EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
YOUR MACHINES? PAUL O. ABBE, 201 Hanson Ct. Suite 125, Wood Dale,
IL 60191 (630-350-3012; FAX: 630-238-7584)
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
—See our ad on page 84
—See our ad on page 15 FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
ANALYSIS OF YOUR MIXING
n Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
PROCESS —See our ad on page 84
GEMCO, the worldwide mixing and drying authority,
Middlesex, NJ
FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy., JAYGO, INC., 7 Emery Ave., Randolph, NJ 07869 (908-
ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT
n P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; 688-3600; FAX: 908-688-6060)
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora
EQUIPMENT ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308, Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300;
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po-
234-0691; www.mixers.com)
DEVELOPMENT OF TAILORMADE
n peinc.com)
SOLUTIONS Dryers, spray ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
Caloris Engineering, Easton, MD 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
DEDERT CORPORATION, 17740 Hoffman way, Home-
VERIFICATION BY MEANS OF
n wood, IL 60430 (708-747-7000; c.crankshaw@dedert. Dryers, vertical
com; www.dedert.com)
FEM AND LABORATORY TESTS GEA GROUP, 9165 Rumsey Road, Columbia, MD 21045
PAUL O. ABBE, 201 Hanson Ct. Suite 125, Wood Dale,
IL 60191 (630-350-3012; FAX: 630-238-7584)
INCLUDING FLOW SIMULATION (800-722-6622; www.gea.com)
—See our ad on page 23
—See our ad on page 15
BUSS-SMS-CANZLER GMBH, Kaiserstr. 13-15, Butz-
(IF NECESSARY)
Dryers, steam jacketed bach, Germany 35510 (49-6033-85-0; FAX: 49-6033-
85-249)
PAUL O. ABBE, 201 Hanson Ct. Suite 125, Wood Dale, EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
IL 60191 (630-350-3012; FAX: 630-238-7584) Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
—See our ad on page 15 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
Catch up on our current workshop BUSS-SMS-CANZLER GMBH, Kaiserstr. 13-15, Butz- —See our ad on page 84
bach, Germany 35510 (49-6033-85-0; FAX: 49-6033- FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
and seminar program: 85-249)
GEA GROUP, 9165 Rumsey Road, Columbia, MD 21045
P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
(800-722-6622; www.gea.com)
www.ekato.com —See our ad on page 23
JAYGO, INC., 7 Emery Ave., Randolph, NJ 07869 (908-
688-3600; FAX: 908-688-6060)
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308, ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
234-0691; www.mixers.com) 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
Your partner for
Dryers, steam tube Dryers, vibrating
advanced mixing solutions: GEA GROUP, 9165 Rumsey Road, Columbia, MD 21045 COMESSA, Strasbourg, France
Phone: 1 201 825 4684 Ext.: 205 (800-722-6622; www.gea.com)
cem@ekato.com —See our ad on page 23
KILNS, OVENS & FURNACES FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
Burners, gas ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
JOHN ZINK HAMWORTHY COMBUSTION, 11920 East Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- Mixers, continuous
Apache Street, Tulsa, OK 74116 (918-234-2800; FAX: 234-0691; www.mixers.com) Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH
918-234-1800) B&P LITTLEFORD, 1000 Hess Avenue, Saginaw, MI
UNIFLUX / EXOTHERM CORP., 31369 Nichols Sawmill
Liquid-mixer parts & accessories 48601 (989-757-1300; FAX: 989-757-1301; www.bplit-
Road, Magnolia, TX 77355 (713-981-9100; FAX: 713- Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH tleford.com)
981-7081; info@exotherm.com; www.exotherm.com) EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe- EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
—See our ad on page 57 Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com) 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
Burners, oil —See our ad on page 84 —See our ad on page 84
JOHN ZINK HAMWORTHY COMBUSTION, 11920 East FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy., FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
Apache Street, Tulsa, OK 74116 (918-234-2800; FAX: P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
918-234-1800) FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308, Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH, Paderborn,
Furnaces, gas burning Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
234-0691; www.mixers.com)
Germany
JAYGO, INC., 7 Emery Ave., Randolph, NJ 07869 (908-
UNIFLUX / EXOTHERM CORP., 31369 Nichols Sawmill SPX Flow Technology, Ocala, FL 688-3600; FAX: 908-688-6060)
Road, Magnolia, TX 77355 (713-981-9100; FAX: 713- JLS INTERNATIONAL, INC., 381 Fawn Lane, West Jef-
981-7081; info@exotherm.com; www.exotherm.com) Mixers, air driven ferson, NC 28694 (336-877-5571; FAX: 336-877-5579)
—See our ad on page 57 ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
Furnaces, high pressure POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora
Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300; 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
UNIFLUX / EXOTHERM CORP., 31369 Nichols Sawmill FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po-
Road, Magnolia, TX 77355 (713-981-9100; FAX: 713- peinc.com) Mixers, disc
981-7081; info@exotherm.com; www.exotherm.com) SPX Flow Technology, Ocala, FL ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
—See our ad on page 57 Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
Furnaces, high temperature Mixers, anchor 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
UNIFLUX / EXOTHERM CORP., 31369 Nichols Sawmill Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 Mixers, gas-liquid, high intensity
Road, Magnolia, TX 77355 (713-981-9100; FAX: 713- 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com) Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH
981-7081; info@exotherm.com; www.exotherm.com) —See our ad on page 84 Biazzi SA, Chailly/Montreux, Switzerland
—See our ad on page 57 FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy., EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
Furnaces, vertical FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
UNIFLUX / EXOTHERM CORP., 31369 Nichols Sawmill Myers Mixers, Cudahy, CA —See our ad on page 84
Road, Magnolia, TX 77355 (713-981-9100; FAX: 713- ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308, FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
981-7081; info@exotherm.com; www.exotherm.com) Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
—See our ad on page 57 234-0691; www.mixers.com) FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
SPX Flow Technology, Ocala, FL KOERTING HANNOVER GMBH, Badenstedter Str. 56,
Kilns, rotary Hannover, Germany 30453 (0511-2129-0; FAX: 0511-
METSO MINERALS INDUSTRIES, INC., 2715 Pleasant Mixers, batch 2129-223)
Valley Road, York, PA 17402 (717-843-8671; FAX: 717- Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH —See our ad on page 69
845-5154; www.metso.com) B&P LITTLEFORD, 1000 Hess Avenue, Saginaw, MI
—See our ad on page 39 48601 (989-757-1300; FAX: 989-757-1301; www.bplit- Mixers, gate
tleford.com) ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Ovens, drying EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe- Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
PINK GMBH THERMOSYSTEME, Am Kessler 6, 97877 Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
Wertheim, Germany (0049-9342-919-0; FAX: 0049- 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
9342-919-111; www.pink.de) —See our ad on page 84 Mixers, heated
FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy., EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
Ovens, electric P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
BENKO PRODUCTS, INC., 5350 Evergreen Pkwy., Shef- FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
field Village, OH 44054 (440-934-2180; FAX: 440-934- Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH, Paderborn, —See our ad on page 84
4052; www.benkoproducts.com) Germany FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
JAYGO, INC., 7 Emery Ave., Randolph, NJ 07869 (908- P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
Ovens, vacuum 688-3600; FAX: 908-688-6060) FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
Myers Mixers, Cudahy, CA JAYGO, INC., 7 Emery Ave., Randolph, NJ 07869 (908-
PINK GMBH THERMOSYSTEME, Am Kessler 6, 97877
POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora 688-3600; FAX: 908-688-6060)
Wertheim, Germany (0049-9342-919-0; FAX: 0049-
Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300; KOERTING HANNOVER GMBH, Badenstedter Str. 56,
9342-919-111; www.pink.de)
FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po- Hannover, Germany 30453 (0511-2129-0; FAX: 0511-
Roasters, food products peinc.com)
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
2129-223)
—See our ad on page 69
NEUHAUS NEOTEC Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH, Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Ganderkesee, Germany 234-0691; www.mixers.com) Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
SPX Flow Technology, Ocala, FL 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
YSTRAL GMBH, Wettelbrunner Str. 7, Ballrechten-
MIXING EQUIPMENT FOR Dottingen, Germany 79282 (+49 7634 5603 900; www. Mixers, High Viscosity
ystral.com)
FLUIDS Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH
Mixers, bottom entering HENGFENGTAI PRECISION MACHINERY Co. for MIXING
and THICKENING SOLUTIONS since 1991, Wenzhou,
Homogenizers Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH Wenzhou, China
EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe- Myers Mixers, Cudahy, CA
Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe- ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com) Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 —See our ad on page 84
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com) 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
—See our ad on page 84
FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; Mixers, jet
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
SPX Flow Technology, Ocala, FL
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
JAYGO, INC., 7 Emery Ave., Randolph, NJ 07869 (908- Mixers, chilled 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
—See our ad on page 84
688-3600; FAX: 908-688-6060)
Myers Mixers, Cudahy, CA EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe- FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308, Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com) FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
234-0691; www.mixers.com) —See our ad on page 84 GEA GROUP, 9165 Rumsey Road, Columbia, MD 21045
YSTRAL GMBH, Wettelbrunner Str. 7, Ballrechten- FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy., (800-722-6622; www.gea.com)
Dottingen, Germany 79282 (+49 7634 5603 900; www. P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; —See our ad on page 23
ystral.com) FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) KOERTING HANNOVER GMBH, Badenstedter Str. 56,
Myers Mixers, Cudahy, CA Hannover, Germany 30453 (0511-2129-0; FAX: 0511-
Homogenizers, high pressure ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308, 2129-223)
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- —See our ad on page 69
Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
Mixers, paddle
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 Mixers, cone DYNAMIC AIR INC., 1125 Willow Lake Blvd., St. Paul,
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
—See our ad on page 84 JAYGO, INC., 7 Emery Ave., Randolph, NJ 07869 (908- MN 55110-5193 (651-484-2900; FAX: 651-484-7015;
688-3600; FAX: 908-688-6060) www.dynamicair.com)
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308, ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308, Mixers, vertical stationary
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
JAYGO, INC., 7 Emery Ave., Randolph, NJ 07869 (908-
234-0691; www.mixers.com) 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
688-3600; FAX: 908-688-6060)
YSTRAL GMBH, Wettelbrunner Str. 7, Ballrechten-
Dottingen, Germany 79282 (+49 7634 5603 900; www. Mixers, rotary blade ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
ystral.com) PAUL O. ABBE, 201 Hanson Ct. Suite 125, Wood Dale, 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
IL 60191 (630-350-3012; FAX: 630-238-7584)
Mixers, magnetically coupled —See our ad on page 15 Mullers
EKATO, 48 Spruce Street, Oakland, NJ 07436 (201-825- EKATO, 48 Spruce Street, Oakland, NJ 07436 (201-825-
PAUL O. ABBE, 201 Hanson Ct. Suite 125, Wood Dale,
4684 ext. 205) 4684 ext. 205)
IL 60191 (630-350-3012; FAX: 630-238-7584)
—See our ad on page 84 —See our ad on page 84
—See our ad on page 15
EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe- JAYGO, INC., 7 Emery Ave., Randolph, NJ 07869 (908-
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
688-3600; FAX: 908-688-6060)
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Solid-liquid-mixer parts &
—See our ad on page 84 Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- accessories
FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy., 234-0691; www.mixers.com) PAUL O. ABBE, 201 Hanson Ct. Suite 125, Wood Dale,
P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; IL 60191 (630-350-3012; FAX: 630-238-7584)
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) —See our ad on page 15
Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH
TOWERS & COLUMNS ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
234-0691; www.mixers.com) —See our ad on page 84
Packings, tower & column, ceramic FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS
Digesters, cookers P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308, FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985) ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
—See our ad inside front cover Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
234-0691; www.mixers.com) Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
234-0691; www.mixers.com)
Packings, tower & column, metal
KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS
Fermentation equipment & Kettles, vacuum
67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985) fermentors Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH
—See our ad inside front cover EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe- EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
Packings, tower & column, plastic 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com) 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS —See our ad on page 84 —See our ad on page 84
67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985) FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy., FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
—See our ad inside front cover P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
Packings, tower & column, random POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora JAYGO, INC., 7 Emery Ave., Randolph, NJ 07869 (908-
KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300; 688-3600; FAX: 908-688-6060)
67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985) FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po- POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora
—See our ad inside front cover peinc.com) Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300;
FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po-
Packings, tower & column, Generators, carbon dioxide peinc.com)
structured CAST-X Circulation Heaters, Batavia, IL ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS Generators, hydrogen 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985)
CAST-X Circulation Heaters, Batavia, IL
—See our ad inside front cover Polymerizers
Packings, trays for towers & Generators, nitrogen EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
CAST-X Circulation Heaters, Batavia, IL Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
columns 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS Hydrogenation reactors —See our ad on page 84
67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985) FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
CAST-X Circulation Heaters, Batavia, IL P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
—See our ad inside front cover EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe- FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
Saddles, polyethylene, tower 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
SULZER CHEMTECH, Neuwiesenstrasse 15, Winter-
thur, Switzerland 8401 (41522623722; www.sulzer.
packings —See our ad on page 84 com)
KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985) P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; Reactors, continuous
—See our ad inside front cover FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
PARR INSTRUMENT COMPANY, 211 53rd Street, Mo- EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
Trays & tower internals line, IL 61265 (309-762-7716; FAX: 309-762-9453; lisa.
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
randolph@parrinst.com; www.parrinst.com)
KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS —See our ad on page 84
67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985) Kettles, agitated FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
—See our ad inside front cover P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
SULZER CHEMTECH, Neuwiesenstrasse 15, Winter- EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe- FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
thur, Switzerland 8401 (41522623722; www.sulzer. Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH, Paderborn,
com) 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com) Germany
—See our ad on page 84 KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS
FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy., 67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985)
PROCESS VESSELS & P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
—See our ad inside front cover
PARR INSTRUMENT COMPANY, 211 53rd Street, Mo-
REACTORS Fluitron, Inc., Ivyland, PA
ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
line, IL 61265 (309-762-7716; FAX: 309-762-9453; lisa.
randolph@parrinst.com; www.parrinst.com)
Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora
Autoclaves 234-0691; www.mixers.com) Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300;
FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po-
Biazzi SA, Chailly/Montreux, Switzerland
EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
Kettles, crystallizing peinc.com)
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com) Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300; Reactors, cooled, heated
—See our ad on page 84 FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po- Buchiglas USA Corp., Farmingdale, NY
FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy., peinc.com) EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308, Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
Fluitron, Inc., Ivyland, PA 234-0691; www.mixers.com) —See our ad on page 84
FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
Bioreactors Kettles, electrically heated P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe- POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300; Fluitron, Inc., Ivyland, PA
7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com) FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po- Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH, Paderborn,
—See our ad on page 84 peinc.com) Germany
FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy., ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308, PARR INSTRUMENT COMPANY, 211 53rd Street, Mo-
P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470; Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631- line, IL 61265 (309-762-7716; FAX: 309-762-9453; lisa.
FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com) 234-0691; www.mixers.com) randolph@parrinst.com; www.parrinst.com)
POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora
Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300; Kettles, jacketed Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300;
FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po- Admix Inc., Londonderry, NH FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po-
peinc.com) EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe- peinc.com)
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 ROSS MIXERS, 710 Old Willets Path, P.O. Box 12308,
Coalescers 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com) Hauppauge, NY 11788-0615 (631-234-0500; FAX: 631-
Filtration Technology Corporation, Houston, TX —See our ad on page 84 234-0691; www.mixers.com)
KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy.,
67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985) P.O. Box 1000, Willoughby, OH 44096 (440-946-9470;
—See our ad inside front cover FAX: 440-946-9472; www.fluidline.com)
For more than 40 years, chemical process industries professionals- engineers, manager and technicians, have
used Chemical Engineering’s Plant Cost Index to adjust process plant construction costs from one period to another.
This database includes all annual archives (1947 to present) and monthly data archives (1970 to present). Instead of waiting more than two
weeks for the print or online version of Chemical Engineering to arrive, subscribers can access new data as soon as it’s calculated.
6
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
96 Associations 96 Metals & alloys, other nonferrous
96 Ceramics, including glass 97 Nickel & nickel alloys
96 Composites 97 Plastics materials
96 Copper & copper alloys 97 Protective coatings & linings
96 Insulation materials 97 Refractory materials
96 Iron & iron alloys 97 Rubber & rubberlike materials
96 Lubricants 97 Steels
7
PLANT MAINTENANCE
98 Associations
98 Cleaning equipment & services
98 Equipment repair & rebuilding
98 Maintenance tools & equipment & replacement parts
98 Noise & vibration suppression equipment
98 Safety equipment & systems
ASSOCIATIONS Testing equipment, high pressure Arresters, flame, tank vent, inline
CURTISS-WRIGHT EST GROUP, 2701 Township Line CASHCO, INC., P.O. Box 6, 607 W. 15th, Ellsworth, KS
DECHEMA E.V., Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, Frankfurt am
Rd., Hatfield, PA 19440 (215-721-1100; FAX: 215- 67439-0006 (785-472-4461; FAX: 785-472-3539; www.
Main, Germany 60486 (49-69-75-64-0; FAX: 49-69-75-
721-1101) cashco.com)
64-201; www.dechema.de)
TLV CORPORATION, 13901 S. Lakes Dr., Charlotte, NC Det-Tronics, Bloomington, MN
— See our ad on page 22
28273 (704-597-9070; FAX: 704-583-1610; www.tlv.
com) Arresters, surge
—See our ad on page 65
CLEANING EQUIPMENT & CASHCO, INC., P.O. Box 6, 607 W. 15th, Ellsworth, KS
67439-0006 (785-472-4461; FAX: 785-472-3539; www.
Tools & equipment, other
SERVICES BERNDORF BAND GROUP, Leobersdorferstr. 26, Ber-
cashco.com)
8
DESIGN, ENGINEERING, &
CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
100 Associations
100 Engineering services
101 Training
ASSOCIATIONS Engineering: construction & field GEA GROUP, 9165 Rumsey Road, Columbia, MD 21045
(800-722-6622; www.gea.com)
DECHEMA e.V., Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, Frankfurt am erection —See our ad on page 23
Main, Germany 60486 (49-69-75-64-0; FAX: 49-69-75- NEUHAUS NEOTEC Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH, Koch Modular Process, Paramus, NJ
64-201; www.dechema.de) Ganderkesee, Germany OILTECH srl, Italy
— See our ad on page 22 THYSSENKRUPP INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS AG, thys- POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora
senkrupp Allee 1, Essen, Germany 45143 (49-201 Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300;
8440; info.industrial-solutions@thyssenkrupp.com; FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po-
ENGINEERING SERVICES www.thyssenkrupp-industrial-solutions.com)
Water Heating Direct, Fort Worth, TX
peinc.com)
PROCESS ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES, LLC, 700
South Illinous Ave., Suite A-202, Oak Ridge, TN
Consultants, corrosion protection Engineering: cryogenic 37830 (865-220-8722; FAX: 865-220-8729; info@pro-
cessengr.com; www.processengr.com)
CHEMICAL PROCESS ENGINEERING SERVICES - AFFILI- equipment
ATED ENGINEERS (AEI), Madison, WI
KOCH-GLITSCH, INC., 4111 E. 37th St. N., Wichita, KS Engineering: packaged pilot
Consultants, engineering 67220 (316-828-5110; FAX: 316-828-7985)
— See our ad inside front cover
plants
AHED Software, Lorqui, Murcia, Spain LAUDA DR. R. WOBSER GMBH & CO. KG, Lauda-Koenig- Biazzi SA, Chailly/Montreux, Switzerland
GEA GROUP, 9165 Rumsey Road, Columbia, MD 21045 shofen, Germany EPIC Systems Group, Peoria, IL
(800-722-6622; www.gea.com) NEUHAUS NEOTEC Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH, POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora
— See our ad on page 23 Ganderkesee, Germany Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300;
Heat Transfer Research, Inc. (HTRI), Navasota, TX FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po-
JENIKE & JOHANSON INC., 400 Business Park Dr., Engineering: facilities planning peinc.com)
Tyngsboro, MA 01879-1077 (978-649-3300; FAX: 978- PROCESS ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES, LLC, 700
THYSSENKRUPP INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS AG, thys-
649-3399) South Illinous Ave., Suite A-202, Oak Ridge, TN
senkrupp Allee 1, Essen, Germany 45143 (49-201
Nol-Tec Systems, Inc., Lino Lakes, MN 37830 (865-220-8722; FAX: 865-220-8729; info@pro-
8440; info.industrial-solutions@thyssenkrupp.com;
OILTECH srl, Italy cessengr.com; www.processengr.com)
www.thyssenkrupp-industrial-solutions.com)
Wenck Associates, Inc., Golden Valley, MN
Wenck Associates, Inc., Golden Valley, MN
Engineering: pilot plants
Consultants, materials Engineering: instrumentation & ENTEX Rust & Mitschke GmbH, Bochum, NRW, Germany
Wenck Associates, Inc., Golden Valley, MN EPIC Systems Group, Peoria, IL
control systems GEA GROUP, 9165 Rumsey Road, Columbia, MD 21045
Consultants, safety & health ABB INC., 3700 West Sam Houston Parkway South, (800-722-6622; www.gea.com)
CHEMICAL PROCESS ENGINEERING SERVICES - AFFILI- Houston, TX 77042 (1-800-HELP-365; FAX: 440-585- —See our ad on page 23
ATED ENGINEERS (AEI), Madison, WI 7071; contact.center@us.abb.com; www.abb.com/ HTE GMBH - THE HIGH THROUGHPUT EXPERIMENTA-
PROCESS ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES, LLC, 700 chemical) TION COMPANY, Kurpfalzring 104, Heidelberg, Ger-
South Illinous Ave., Suite A-202, Oak Ridge, TN CHEMICAL PROCESS ENGINEERING SERVICES - AFFILI- many D-69123 (+49 (0) 62 21.74 97 - 0; FAX: +49 (0) 62
37830 (865-220-8722; FAX: 865-220-8729; info@pro- ATED ENGINEERS (AEI), Madison, WI 21.74 97 - 137; www.hte-company.de)
cessengr.com; www.processengr.com) Flottweg SE, Vilsbiburg, Germany POPE SCIENTIFIC, INC., P.O. Box 80018, 351 N. Dekora
MATHWORKS, 1 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760- Woods Blvd., Saukville, WI 53080 (262-268-9300;
Consultants, water treatment 2098 (508-647-7000; FAX: 508-647-7001; www.math- FAX: 262-268-9400; info@popeinc.com; www.po-
Caloris Engineering, Easton, MD works.com) peinc.com)
PROCESS ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES, LLC, 700 Nol-Tec Systems, Inc., Lino Lakes, MN PROCESS ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES, LLC, 700
South Illinous Ave., Suite A-202, Oak Ridge, TN PEPPERL+FUCHS SE, Lilienthalstrasse 200, Mannheim, South Illinous Ave., Suite A-202, Oak Ridge, TN
37830 (865-220-8722; FAX: 865-220-8729; info@pro- Germany 68307 (+49-621-776-0; FAX: +49-621-776- 37830 (865-220-8722; FAX: 865-220-8729; info@pro-
cessengr.com; www.processengr.com) 1000; www.pepperl-fuchs.com) cessengr.com; www.processengr.com)
SIEMENS AG, Siemensallee 84, Karlsruhe, Germany D-
Contract manufacturing systems 76187 (+49(0)721/595-0; www.siemens.com) Engineering: plant design
SIEMENS PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION, 2060 Biazzi SA, Chailly/Montreux, Switzerland
ENTEX Rust & Mitschke GmbH, Bochum, NRW, Germany Detwiler Road, Suite 111, Harleysville, PA 19438 EPIC Systems Group, Peoria, IL
(800-365-8766; piabu-requestinformation.industry@
Custom processing siemens.com; www.usa.siemens.com/pablog)
OILTECH srl, Italy
PROCESS ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES, LLC, 700
ENTEX Rust & Mitschke GmbH, Bochum, NRW, Germany SWAGELOK CO., 29500 Solon Road, Solon, OH 44139- South Illinous Ave., Suite A-202, Oak Ridge, TN
IPCO GERMANY GMBH, Salierstr. 35, Fellbach, Ger- 2764 (440-248-4600; www.swagelok.com) 37830 (865-220-8722; FAX: 865-220-8729; info@pro-
many 70736 (+49 711 5105 0) Yokogawa Corporation of America, Sugar Land, TX cessengr.com; www.processengr.com)
Kemperle Industries - Digital Design, New York, NY
THYSSENKRUPP INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS AG, thys-
Engineering: modular process
Database services systems
senkrupp Allee 1, Essen, Germany 45143 (49-201
8440; info.industrial-solutions@thyssenkrupp.com;
DECHEMA E.V., Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, Frankfurt am www.thyssenkrupp-industrial-solutions.com)
Main, Germany 60486 (49-69-75-64-0; FAX: 49-69-75- EKATO RUEHR- UND MISCHTECHNIK GMBH, Hohe-
Flum-Str.37, Schopfheim, Germany D-79650 (+49 Wenck Associates, Inc., Golden Valley, MN
64-201; www.dechema.de) YSTRAL GMBH, Wettelbrunner Str. 7, Ballrechten-
— See our ad at page 22 7622 290; FAX: + 49 7622 29 213; www.ekato.com)
—See our ad on page 84 Dottingen, Germany 79282 (+49 7634 5603 900; www.
ystral.com)
Engineering, biochemical & ENTEX Rust & Mitschke GmbH, Bochum, NRW, Germany
EPIC Systems Group, Peoria, IL
biotech FLUID LINE PRODUCTS INC., 38273 Western Pkwy., Engineering: plant modernization
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
102 Associations
102 Computer hardware
102 Computer software
103 Computers for design & engineering
TLV CORPORATION, 13901 S. Lakes Dr., Charlotte, NC BENTLEY SYSTEMS INC., 685 Stockton Drive, Exton,
PA 19341 (610-321-6470)
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Process safety management ABB INC., 3700 West Sam Houston Parkway South,
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Houston, TX 77042 (1-800-HELP-365; FAX: 440-585- 7071; contact.center@us.abb.com; www.abb.com/ ABB INC., 3700 West Sam Houston Parkway South,
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Antea North America, Houston, TX EnsureworX, Canada chemical)
SIEMENS AG, Siemensallee 84, Karlsruhe, Germany D- MATHWORKS, 1 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760-
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ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
105 Associations
105 Air pollution control equipment & systems
105 Environmental services
106 Waste handling equipment & systems
WASTE HANDLING WATER POLLUTION HAPMAN, 6002 East N Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49048
(269-343-1675; FAX: 269-349-2477; sales@hapman.
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PROCESS CHEMICALS
107 Acids, amino 107 Emulsifiers
107 Acids, fatty 107 Flame retardants
107 Acids, organic 107 Hydrogen
107 Alcohols, other 107 Inhibitors, corrosion
107 Antioxidants 107 Organic intermediates
107 Biocides, halogenated 107 Pigments
107 Biocides, other 107 Preservatives
107 Catalyst supports & systems 107 Resins, water-soluble
107 Catalysts, custom 107 Solvents, oxygenated
107 Catalysts, desulfurization 108 Surface active agents,
107 Catalysts, polymerization not further specified
107 Dispersing agents, leather 108 Water treatment chemicals
107 Dispersing agents, other 108 Zeolites
107 Dispersing agents, rubber
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(1957–59 = 100) Sept. ’21 Aug. ’21 Sept. ’20 Annual Index: 850
Prelim. Final Final
2013 = 567.3
CE Index_______________________________________________ 754.7 735.2 593.7 800
Equipment _____________________________________________ 947.5 918.6 717.2 2014 = 576.1
Heat exchangers & tanks __________________________________ 813.2 784.8 605.8
Process machinery ______________________________________ 958.5 921.1 717.9 2015 = 556.8 750
Pipe, valves & fittings _____________________________________ 1,330.9 1,304.7 954.0 2016 = 541.7
Process instruments _____________________________________ 551.3 541.3 422.1 700
Pumps & compressors ____________________________________ 1,180.5 1,148.8 1,084.0 2017 = 567.5
Electrical equipment _____________________________________ 639.3 616.8 565.0 2018 = 603.1 650
Structural supports & misc. ________________________________ 1,038.9 1,000.4 752.7
Construction labor ________________________________________ 348.6 347.4 337.6 2019 = 607.5
Buildings ______________________________________________ 772.0 767.5 616.1 2020 = 596.2 600
Engineering & supervision __________________________________ 311.1 310.2 311.8
Starting in April 2007, several data series for labor and compressors were converted to accommodate series IDs discontinued by the 550
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Starting in March 2018, the data series for chemical industry special machinery was replaced
because the series was discontinued by BLS (see Chem. Eng., April 2018, p. 76–77.)
500
J F M A M J J A S O N D
105
2000 75
100
1900
95 70
1800
90
65
1700
85
60
80 1600
75 1500 55
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
*Due to discontinuance, the Index of Industrial Activity has been replaced by the Industrial Production in Manufacturing index from the U.S. Federal Reserve Board.
†For the current month’s CPI output index values, the base year was changed from 2012 to 2017
Current business indicators provided by Global Insight, Inc., Lexington, Mass.
CURRENT TRENDS
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