International Journal of Advanced Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology

ISSN: 2454-132X
Impact Factor: 6.078
(Volume 7, Issue 5 - V7I5-1304)
Available online at: https://www.ijariit.com

Frictionless electricity generation using propeller shaft

Abhinav Khirid Akshay Talbar Hrithik Naik
abhinav.khirid.9@gmail.com akshaytalbar551@gmail.com hrithiknaik.12@gmail.com
Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Vishwakarma University, Pune, Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College
Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra Maharashtra of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra

ABSTRACT shaft which is also known as the driving shaft. The purpose is
to transmit power via rotation which may lead to various types
The shaft can generate electricity if it gets magnetized which
of stresses such as torsional or shear stresses [6]. To transmit
can be used to power other components. A vehicle such as
more power the propeller shaft must be strong enough so it
this can generate electricity for operating a hybrid engine or
can withstand such stress so the design concern is also taken
recharging batteries by use of an electricity generating
into consideration so the transmission must be smooth.
driveshaft. The electricity generating drive shaft consists of a
magnetized driveshaft which acts as a rotor, and a series of
1.1 Problem statement
copper wire coils surrounding the magnetized driveshaft
As we know that the automobile sector is turning towards the
which acts as a stator in an electrical generator. In this
electrification of vehicles in which charging of batteries is a
project we will use the propeller shaft which rotates at high
time-consuming process. Also, after the charging, it is limited
speed, on which we will mount the disc magnet and the
to a certain interval of time as per the usage of the vehicle
wooden or aluminum plates to hold the coils near the
after which it needs to be charged again. So, if some rotary
magnets mounted on the propeller shaft. This rotational
components present in the machine are converted into
movement creates a magnetic field and generates EMF into
electrification with minimal losses, we can generate electricity
the coil as defined by Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
from them, and it can also charge a battery and be used for
inductions.
further applications.
To overcome such problems, we have designed this model by
Keywords: Electromagnetic Induction, Magnetized driveshaft,
using a chain and belt mechanism where we can use rotary
Catia Software, Software analysis.
energy of the propeller shaft with nano coils and magnets to
1. INTRODUCTION generate electrical energy.
The field of research is revealed in a piece of writing for
designing and generation of electricity by rotating shaft of an 1.2 Working principal
automobile and using a drive shaft to lower the speed of the This experimental setup is working on the principle of
vehicle [1]. ‘Electromagnetic Induction’ founded by Michael Faraday. The
law states that the induction of an electromotive force by the
As the market is taken by the combustion vehicles which work motion of a conductor across a magnetic field or by a change
on fuels like gasoline, diesel oil, and natural gas which leads in magnetic flux in a magnetic field. This either happens when
to a big issue of their availability. For solving these types of a conductor is set in a moving magnetic field (when utilizing
problems, the vehicles are converted to hybrid ones or the AC power source) or when a conductor is always moving in a
vehicles get power by electric motor [5]. As the solution is stationary magnetic field.
made there is a difficulty for charging the vehicles due to their
less availability of charging stations. So, the vehicle has less So, when a bar magnet passes through the snaking, the voltage
efficiency because of the load on the motor which leads to is measured in the circuit. The importance of this is a way of
heat and frictional losses. producing electrical energy in a circuit by using magnetic
fields and not just batteries anymore. The machines like
So, a solution is made for these types of problems where an generators, transformers and motors work on the principle of
electricity generating driveshaft is used. This typically electromagnetic induction.
comprises a magnetized driveshaft which acts as a rotor, and
a series of copper wire coils surrounding the magnetized 1.3 Construction
driveshaft which acts as a stator in the electrical generator. Electrical generators have been in use for many years in
One of the main components of this research is the propeller different applications. The general definition of a generator is
© 2021, www.IJARIIT.com All Rights Reserved Page| 444
 International Journal of Advanced Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical any conductor creates a circular magnetic field around the
energy. This is possible due to the principle of conductor due to Ampere's law. The advantage of using the
electromagnetism. As this electrical energy is produced, the coil shape is that it increases the strength of the magnetic field
generator will cause electric current to flow through an produced by a given current. The magnetic fields generated by
external circuit. Typically, generators are made up of an the separate turns of wire all pass-through the center of the
arrangement of magnets, copper winding and a rotor, which coil and add (superpose) to produce a strong field there. [1]
ultimately produces electricity from mechanical power. The
electric generator consists of two main components, a rotor
and a stator. Typically, a stator is composed of one or more
magnets and copper winding, and the rotor is a metal loop or
shaft that rotates within the stator. When the rotor revolves
within the stator, an electric current is generated because the
magnetic field in relation to the electron’s changes. With
every complete turn of the rotor within the stator, the magnetic
field is changed, creating electricity which travels to an
external electrical circuit through a coil or the copper winding.
Chart-2 Coil
This concept of electromagnetism can be applied to vehicles,
or virtually anything that utilizes a drive axle or drive shaft.[1]
1.3.2 Universal Joint
• When the propeller shaft is rotating at high speeds, the disc
magnets also rotate with its axis.
• When the magnet spins, the magnetic field around the top
and bottom of the coil constantly
changes between a north and a south pole.
• This rotational movement of the magnetic field results in an
alternating emf being induced into the coil as defined by
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic inductions Chart-3 Universal Joint
• Copper coils generate 10 to 30 AC volts, by using AC to DC
Converter circuit, we can convert it to DC and charge the A simple universal joint does not transmit the motion
batteries. uniformly when the shafts are operating an angle. Because of
• Further by using this power we run the hybrid vehicles or this, two universal joints are used in a vehicle, one between
electric vehicles.[5] To transmit power from one point to the gearbox and the propeller shaft and other between the
another in a smooth, continues action.[1] Firstly we use the propeller shaft and the differential pinion shaft.
coil and neodymium magnet system which mounted on the
propeller shaft and then its start producing the power with 1.3.3 Neodymium Magnets
the coils around the propeller shaft. The Neodymium metal element is initially separated from
refined Rare Earth oxides in an electrolytic furnace. The "Rare
Earth" elements are lanthanides (also called lanthanides) and
the term arises from the uncommon oxide minerals used to
isolate the element Permanent magnets are magnets that are
permanently charged. They are different from electro-magnets
in that electro-magnets only have magnetic properties when an
electrical current is flowing through them.[1]

1.4 Design
1.4.1 Coil Design

Chart-1 Construction diagram

Table-1: Parts Used

PARTS MATERIAL
Frame Mild Steel
Wooden Sheet Wood
Shaft Steel
Coil Copper Coils Chart-4 Coil
Battery STD We have chosen to use a very high gage wire to increase the
Bearings P204 STD amount of voltage the generator can provide. If the generator
Motor STD is required to produce more current the coils can be replaced
Disc Magnets Neodymium with those of a smaller gage wire. The permanent magnets we
Screw Nut Bolt M6 STD have chosen to use provide a very strong magnetic field [1]
Pulley Mild Steel
Belt STD 1.4.2 Base frame design
Mild steel angles are used to support the whole mechanism.
1.3.1 Coils These angles are welded together in order to form a frame
An electromagnetic coil is an electrical conductor such as a which will support the rollers and the assembly. We design a
wire in the shape of a coil, spiral or helix. A current through basic frame for a prototype by mild steel channel (L beam) [1]
© 2021, www.IJARIIT.com All Rights Reserved Page| 445
 International Journal of Advanced Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
4. It should be simple to manufacture, operate, maintain, and
repair.
5. It should employ locally available materials and skills.
Standard steel pieces such as steel plates, iron rods, angle
iron, and flat stock that are locally available should be
used. Standard tools used in machine shops such as
hacksaw, files, punches, taps & dies; medium duty welder;
drill press; small lathe and milling machine should be
adequate to fabricate the parts needed for the machine.
6. Excessive weight should be avoided, as durability is a prime
consideration.

As per design data book considering the standard size of the

Chart-5 Base frame shaft is 20 mm. And assuming factor of safety 1.5

1.4.3 Design of Motor 1.5 Analysis

The purpose of a motor, regardless of the application, is to 1.5.1 Shaft Analysis
change electrical power to mechanical power in order to Analysis boundary conditions
provide rotational movement. Every application will have its
own distinct parameters for input and output power. The Stage 1
diagram in Figure 1 provides a visual representation of the From cad model,
input and output parameters of a motor. The input electrical We are applying 2 kg=19.61 newtons load on shaft,
power can be in the form of a DC battery, AC line voltage, Considering magnets weight 1 kg and factor safety 1kg, total
rectified AC line voltage, or a wide variety of controls. 2kg load.
Affected by application and environmental constraints along
with the necessary power needed to move a load, the input
power will be volts, amps, and frequency. The output power is
the motor speed and torque response required to accomplish
the task.

Chart-7 Measure inertia

Chart-6 Motor Stage 2

To shaft, material we assigned to frame is Mild steel with
According to our project design we need a variable speed density 7860.
motor, so as per manufacturer's catalogues, we have studied
the rpm factor and as per our costing we have selected 1
motor.

Torque Calculations
Power transmitted by motor shaft,
(P = 2 * π*N*T / 60)
P = 2 * π*N*T /60
Where, N→ Rpm of shaft 1 = 8500
T →Torque transmitted
P→ Power Available = 50W
50 = (2π x 8500 x T) / (60 ×1000) Chart-8 Applying material selection
50 = (2π x 8500 x T) / (60 ×1000) Stage 3
T =56.24 N m Applied force on shaft where we attached magnets, fixed the
= 56 240.00 N mm two ends
This is torque of motor

1.4.4 Design of Shaft

When designing our attachment, the following considerations
were taken into account.
1. The device should be suitable for local manufacturing
capabilities.
2. The attachment should employ low-cost materials and
manufacturing methods.
3. It should be accessible and affordable by low-income
groups and should fulfill their basic need for mechanical
power. Chart-9 Applying Forces & fixing two ends

© 2021, www.IJARIIT.com All Rights Reserved Page| 446

 International Journal of Advanced Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology

Chart-10 Material’s Values

1.5.2 Shaft Analysis Result Chart-14 Measure inertia

Stage 2
To frame, the material we assigned to frame is Mild steel with
density 7860.

Chart-11 Static Case solution-von mises stress

From the material properties the yield strength of mild steel

MS iron is 3.1e+008N_M2 and from the results the green part
Chart-15 Applying material selection
We value of von mises stress value is 1.6e+006 hence our
Stage 3:
design is safe for the propeller shaft with material MS.
Applied force on frame, fixed the base.

Chart-12 Static case solution-displacement Chart-16 Applying forces & fixing ends

The displacement of the shaft after applying force is 0.0126

mm.

Chart-17 Materials properties

1.5.4 Base Frame Analysis Result—

Chart-13 Final Analysis

1.5.3 Base Frame Analysis

Analysis boundary conditions
Stage 1:
From cad model, Chart-18 Static case solution-von mises stress
We are applying 13 kg=127.48645 newtons load on frame,
Considering battery, bearings, propeller shaft, pully, coil From the material properties the yield strength of mild steel
supports brackets and other. MS iron is 3.1e+008N_M2

© 2021, www.IJARIIT.com All Rights Reserved Page| 447

 International Journal of Advanced Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
And from the results the green part We value of von mises In the software analysis, the ANSYS is more accurate as
stress value is 1.56e+006 hence our design is safe for the compared to Solid work software.
frame. The displacement of the shaft after applying force is
0.0147mm 3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors acknowledge the Catia software by Dassault
Systems which was used for the analysis of model in the
project.

4. REFERENCES
[1] Aadesh Vishwanath Kudtarkar, Pushkar Jagdish Handi,
Prasad Ramdas Rakshe Aditya, Sanjay Patil, “Electricity
Generation Using Propeller Shaft Of Vehicle” MJRET
(2020)
[2] Mayur M. Umbare,Sujay S. Udawant, Rohan B. Gujar,
Sahil G. Urkunde, “Contactless Energy Generation Using
Flywheel for EV” JETIR (2019)
Chart-19 Static case solution-displacement [3] Nizam S Sakeer , Thoufeek , Vyshak O, Hallaj, Mathews
Thariyan , “Design, Analysis & Optimization of propeller
shaft with composite materials by using software’s”,
International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET) , Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | (2019)
[4] Ravi Vattipalli, P. S. Naga Sri, “Design and Analysis of
Automotive Composite Propeller Shaft”, IJIRST –
International Journal for Innovative Research in Science
& Technology| Volume 6 | Issue 4 (2019)
[5] Rahul Borate, Sandesh Bichitkar, Hanumant Pawar,
Ashutosh Kunkekar, Aditya Lote, “Electricity Generation
using Propeller Shaft of Vehicle”, IJSRSET | Volume 5 |
Issue 7 (2019)
[6] Krishna Chavan, Suraj Gosavi, Aditya Gonjari, Pratik
Chart-20 Final Analysis
Bhagat, Prof. D.R. Kotkar, “Design and modification of
propeller shaft generating electricity”, International
2. CONCLUSION
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
The presented work aims to reduce the fuel consumption of
(IRJET), Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | (2019)
the automobile in the particular or any machine, which
[7] Sarigiannidis G, Chatzinikolaou E, Patsios C, Kladas A
employs drive shafts, in general it is achieved by using light
“Shaft Generator System Design and Ship Operation
weight composites. The battery is charged with the help of the
Improvement Involving SFOC Minimization.” IEEE
vehicle's alternator, but due to the alternating current being in
Transactions on Transportation Electrification (2016)
direct contact with the engine with a transmission, the engine
[8] Atul Kumar Raikwar, Prof. Prabhash Jain & Rajkumari
will experience a certain degree of resistance. Therefore, in
Raikwar, “Design and optimization of automobile
order to reduce this resistance and improve the efficiency of
propeller shaft with composite materials using FEM
the engine, we modified the design of the drive shaft so that
Analysis” IJEDR | Volume 4, Issue 4, (2016)
while transmitting the driving force from the engine to the
[9] V.Jose Ananth Vino, Dr. J. Hameed Hussain, “Design and
differential, it also generates electrical energy to charge the
Analysis of Propeller Shaft”, International Journal of
battery, so it will not utilize engine power. Therefore,
Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
increasing the efficiency of the engine.
Technology”, Vol. 4, Issue 8, (2015)
[10] Sam Anvari, Denton, TX (US), “Drive Shaft Electric
We have done the analysis on the propeller shaft and Frame
Generator/Braking System” Patent Application
and found out that it is safe by taking into consideration the
Publication US 2015/0258899 A1 (2015)
weight saving, deformation, shear stress induced. The usage of
[11] J. Prousalidis, I.K. Hatzilau, P. Michalopoulos, I. Pavlou,
composite material will decrease the amount of weight, when
D. Muthumuni, “Studying ship electric energy systems
compared to conventional steel shafts. When the weight
with shaft generator”, Source: IEEE Xplore, Conference
decreases, fuel consumption also decreases. In this analysis a
Paper, (2005)
composite shaft is comparatively better. Because they have
less deformation when compared to conventional steel shafts.
BIOGRAPHIES

Abhinav Khirid
Mechanical Engineering
Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering, Pune

© 2021, www.IJARIIT.com All Rights Reserved Page| 448

 International Journal of Advanced Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology

Akshay Talbar
Mechanical Engineering
Vishwakarma University, Pune

Hrithik Naik
Mechanical Engineering
Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Engineering, Pune

© 2021, www.IJARIIT.com All Rights Reserved Page| 449