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Section I: VIDEO
Watch the videos and write two reports (each report at least 10 lines)

1) Teaching vocabulary with gradable opposites

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4z4rUEvwa0
When it becomes difficult to explain the meaning of a word or it takes a long time to have to
look it up in a dictionary, the gradable opposites technique can be applied, which consists of
making a line and putting the opposite words at the ends and then in the middle go putting
words that resemble it leaving, you can also use images gradually placed in a line and even also
use different sizes of letters related to the meaning and match the characteristics of each one,
when using this technique you have to make the students they can elicit the first word and
after having the complete line make examples of each word with sentences, this technique is
used with the vocabulary in this way it will be easier and there will be less chance of getting
confused.
This are some examples of this techniques:

2) Building vocabulary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7D14HrJ8ow

To build vocabulary and work on that in class as a teacher you must make the students guess, you
can make a game to get their attention, you can give them some clues. In order to carry out this
activity you must make them say the meaning and give an example of a sentence, some clues can be
how many syllables they have, what letter it begins with, or some synonyms and make the students
participate and ask their classmates questions, like this in addition to practicing vocabulary,
interaction between students is encouraged, they can also practice, produce and reduce the
teacher's speaking time. I find this technique creative and dynamic to do a warmup or introduction
to the class.
 Section II:
A REFLECTION
PAPER
Write a text sharing your thoughts and opinions about the techniques, practices
and methods that you have learned in this first month of Methodology.
What are some of the things that you consider the most important to use and
apply in class? What are the techniques that you prefer. Why?

In this month of methodology, I have learned different methodologies and techniques to know how
to capture the attention of students, how to organize the classroom and the arrangements, how to
deal with problems that may arise, how to organize the activities that will be carried out in classes,
which ones are the techniques and methods to be a good teacher. The most important things that I
consider in applying in a class is planning the activities, the steps that we must follow, making a route
map is an option for a teacher to organize the class, it would also apply to have a good atmosphere in
the class between the students and the teacher, listen to them, know their opinion. It would also
include the most effective ways of how to seat the students so that they can work in pairs or groups
and always check their answers. The techniques that I prefer use gestures to help clarity of
instructions and explanations, give clear directions, always ask comprehension questions and check
answers, do not talk all the time and involve students, give them feedback and correct mistakes and
have authority, as well How to solve problems that occur, because they are necessary so that
students can develop and understand better, by helping them correct them we achieve that they do
not remain thinking that what they said was the right thing to do. My favorite of all is to know how to
do so that the students They are interested in the class and want to participate to make it more
interactive and when they produce, they do it in a good way but above all understanding what they
want to say.
 Section III:
LESSON PLAN
 Section IV:
QUESTIONNAI
RE
1) Which are some well-known methods and approaches?
Explain    
some well-known methods and approaches are:
 The Grammar-Translation Method: Students spend a lot of time
reading texts and trying to translate them, doing exercises, writing. o
focuses a lot on developing listening and speaking skills.
 The Audio-Lingual Method: The main objective is for students to be
able to listen to audios and train with them by themselves or with some
help.
 Communicative Language Teaching: Students can learn better if they
have good communication, students learn through a wide variety of
teachings, exercises, activities and studies, helping them with their
speaking and listening work.
 Total Physical Response: It is a method that is used with people who
have a low level, or they begin, the teacher gives instructions, they
understand, and they do the activity waiting for the moment they are
asked to respond.
 Community Language Learning: This uses as a base the native language
of the students with the help of the teacher so that they do not feel
nervous and make the students not be afraid to communicate and make
it more spontaneous.
 The natural approach: They are methods and techniques that are used
so that the student can understand the language more, as if a child
learned to speak.
 Task-Based Learning: they are work cycles that occur in the
preparation, performance and reflective analysis of tasks that are seen
in real life.
 The Silent Way: It needs the student to take responsibility for their
learning and pay attention, it also needs the teacher not to be quiet all
the time and to use images.
 Person-centred approaches: The student and what he needs are the
main thing, what will be done and how the activities are done are
discussed between the teacher and the student and they reach an
agreement.
 Lexical approaches: This method enables students to have exposure,
practice, and experimentation as activities.
 Dogme: Teachers do not use much or no technology or materials and
generate an interaction between the teacher and the student.
 Personal methodology: Teachers decide which method to use at
random or create their own method, but what they build over the years
from what they consider the most appropriate.
 2) Explain the experiential learning cycle.
The experiential learning cycle is a process of as a person, it helps you understand how
you are as a student and empowers you to see your own learning and development, it
is a process of five learning steps that begins with an experience, from which you have
As you reflect and take perspective on the experience, you can remember what you
learned; then thought to reach conclusions and conceptualize the meaning of the
experience; leading to the decision to take action, engage in experimentation, or test
what you have learned and ultimately be prepared to do it again.

3) Explain what an activity route map (pp.39,40,41) is.

A route map is to organize a plan of how the class will be organized and how and how
long the activities will be held in different sections. This plan has six steps, the first is
Before the lesson where the teacher must know well their material that they will use in
class and think about how their students will respond, if they need help or how they
will work if in groups or not. The second step is Lead- in / Preparation this step is
already when you are in the class, it is a way to attract attention, you can tell a story, or
put pictures and make the students guess everything related to the topic. The third
step is Setting up the activity, it is where you give the instructions, group students and
check understanding. The fourth step is Running the activity is when the teacher must
monitor but without interrupting, you must think about how you will make sure that
they are doing what said. The fifth step is Closing the activity, it is when in case not
everyone finishes the activity you can give a few more minutes. Finally, post-activity
when you give feedback and correct some errors.
4) What is classroom management?  Explain each one of the
6 areas.
Make a good work environment so that you can learn properly, for this you must have
an attitude, intentions and personality and a good relationship with the students, as
well as some techniques.

 Activities: First the session starts, and you try to get their attention, then when
the activities must be done, the teacher gives the instructions on what to do
and how, then when the activity is carried out, they must make sure that they
are working and understood, the teacher says how much time is left to finish,
finally you finish the activity and give feedback.
 Grouping and seating: the teacher decides in which way the activity is carried
out if in groups, in pairs or alone and in which way they must sit, face to face,
side by side, in circles or if they stand and walk.
 Authority: grabs attention and asks questions, is in control and decides who or
what to do, at some point makes someone ask or explain something.
 Critical moments: the teacher must have the ability to solve some problems
that may arise immediately and maintain the behavior in the class.
  Tools and techniques: Use of necessary materials to help the class as well as
gestures or explain with the body and appropriate voice so that everyone can
hear you.
 Working with people: the teacher must give everyone the opportunity to
participate and listen to them without preference and observe how the
students feel.
5) Explain some common types of classroom interaction.
whole class working together with you: when the teacher speaks to everybody
at the same time.
 whole class moving around and mixing as individuals (a ‘mingle’): the teacher
can play a song and the student walk around and when the teacher stop the
music, they must find a partner.
 small groups (three to eight people): students work with other people.
 pairs: student work with only one person.
 individual work: the student work alone.
The teacher can make the seats to be in different ways such as opposing teams, face to
face, panel, in circles or a wheel. Interaction is important for students because they
learn best by practicing with and listening to other people.

6) How can a teacher give clearer instructions?

The teacher can give clear instructions if he first listens or records giving them before
class to know how it sounds, then analyzes the instructions and gives only clear and
necessary information using short sentences, he also needs to make eye contact and
use an appropriate tone of voice, you must make sure that they are attentive to the
explanation. If the explanation is not clear, you must use gestures, in the end you must
check if they really understood with wh- questions.
7) Mention and explain the types of monitoring.
 Monitor discreetly: It is when the teacher is in the ula but does not intervene
without their asking, it is necessary that the students know that he is there in
case of anything important. and when they ask for help it must be done quickly
and return to the beginning, giving understand that they must do the activity
with all their possible abilities.
 Vanish: It is when the teacher is in a place in the classroom but not with the
naked eye or outside the classroom but close as at the door and doing other
activities so as not to be aware of his students but always having some
attention in the class to know when it is time decide.
 Monitor actively: It is when the teacher is in a pro corner in a more visible way
so that the students can ask for help if they want, the teacher will be walking
and observing the groups, he also gives some corrections.
 Participate: The teacher can join a group for a while and be one of them giving
ideas and asking questions, so he will do with all the groups but always being
attentive to the others.
 8) What is eliciting. Explain.
Eliciting means when the teacher asks questions and gets students to answer or
give ideas since it may be that the students have some notion or know more with
this, the level of the students can be measured and if they participate, progress is
made at their speed, while detecting the problems they have.
9) How is intuition connected to teaching?
In a class thing are different and they do not always go according to our plans
because you are working with different people and personalities, each of whom
gives a different answer. To have intuition you must take risks and do new things
and see what goes wrong and what not to do better next time. It is related to
learning when a teacher intuits how people react, although some may influence
their concerns, and this is reflected in students. teachers must learn to read people
correctly and one of the ways is to get concrete information and be spontaneous
and know what your students are thinking.
10) Explain the theory of Multiple Intelligences.
The theory explains that the human being is not limited to having only one
intelligence but that we have different abilities and capacities but that we have
developed some more than others, instead traditional intelligence only covers
that we have only one capacity.
 Linguistic: skillful people and have preferences for activities such as
reading, talking, writing stories and poems, learning languages.
 Visuals: It is the ability to perceive the visual and spatial environment
to transform it.
 Musical: Es la capacidad de percibir y expresarse con formas musicales
and play instruments or dance.
 logical / mathematical: It is the ability to solve mathematical
calculations.
 bodily / feeling uses the whole body to express ideas and feelings, and
the ease of using the hands to transform elements.
 interpersonal: It is the ability to relate to others, taking as empathy and
social interaction.
 intrapersonal: It is the ability to develop a deep knowledge of oneself.
11) Explain the theory of Sensory preferences.
The theory explains that each person has a favorite way or a better way of learning,
some prefer to listen, others need to see to understand, and fillies prefer to learn
by doing things and being in action. That is why when having a class, we must take
into consideration that our Students have these types of preferences and we must
try for the most part to use all of them so that they can feel comfortable when
learning.

12) Which are the ways to find out our learners´ needs? What is
a   "Needs analysis"?
The way to find the needs of the students is through the need analysis where
information is obtained about why the students need to learn the language in the
future but also the level they have and the problems that must be solved are obtained,
which is what they want to learn and how they want to learn, and to obtain that
information there are three tools which are writing where questionnaires are made,
tests or writing a text, also speaking which is where students can be interviewed,
asking about their favorite things and observation, which is when the teacher observes
the students in the activities, their use of language.