Design of electric vehicle charging station

based on wind and solar complementary

power supply
Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 1967, 020032 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039004
Published Online: 23 May 2018

Li Wang

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AIP Conference Proceedings 1967, 020032 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039004 1967, 020032

© 2018 Author(s).
 Design of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based on Wind
and Solar Complementary Power Supply
Li Wanga)

Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University (Baoding), Baoding 071003, China.
a)
2395670311@qq.com

Abstract. Electric vehicles have become a major trend in the development of the automobile industry. Green energy saving
is an important feature of their development. At the same time, the related charging facilities construction is also critical.
If we improve the charging measures to adapt to its green energy-saving features, it will be to a greater extent to promote
its further development. This article will propose a highly efficient green energy-saving charging station designed for the
electric vehicles.

Key words: Scenery complementary; Electric vehicles; Charging station; New energy.

INTRODUCTION
The low-carbon economy in the world has integrated into the mainstream awareness of society. In this context,
electric vehicles show a bright future. Whether it is a rechargeable hybrid car or a pure electric car, are inseparable
from the charging station support. However, there are some bottlenecks in the direct use of existing grid services for
charging new-energy electric vehicles. For example, the contradiction between rapid charging and grid capacity, the
problem of electricity discretization, the problem of harmonic pollution of a large number of charging machines to the
power grid, and the storage and deployment of energy in the power grid, it is particularly urgent to develop a new type
of green energy integrated power supply scheme.
Solar energy and wind energy are two important renewable resources. However, due to seasonal changes and
weather changes, they are all discontinuous energy sources. Fortunately, the hybrid energy storage make full use of
the complementarity of the two energy sources and can distribute uneven or intermittent solar and wind power storage,
so that the clean electricity can be output appropriately with the actual needs.
This paper argues and designs a set of integrated power supply electric vehicle charging station integrating solar
energy photovoltaic power generation, wind energy utilization, battery energy storage technology, high efficiency
DC-DC conversion and other new energy applications, which not only improves the utilization of new energy sources,
but also avoids the impact of new energy access on the stability of the grid.

DESIGN OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION BASED ON WIND AND

SOLAR COMPLEMENTARY POWER SUPPLY

Design of solar power system

In order to make more efficient use of solar energy, this paper will improve the traditional way of solar energy
collection. On the one hand, it is the use of high-power concentrating solar concentrator to improve the collection rate
of solar energy. On the other hand, use tracking solar concentrator platform to improve the collection. The specific
programs will be presented below this paper.

6th International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, Modeling and Simulation (CDMMS 2018)
AIP Conf. Proc. 1967, 020032-1–020032-5; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039004
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1672-7/$30.00

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 High-power concentrating solar concentrator

Commonly used condenser system is divided into refraction condenser system and reflective condenser system.
The condenser system can be made of optical resin Fresnel lens, which has the advantages of impact resistance, high
strength, small relative density, high transmittance, excellent optical performance, simple molding process and so on.
However, the traditional Fresnel lens has difficulty in achieving high acceptance angle and is easy to aging
deformation. Besides, when the light intensity distribution of the light concentrating component is not uniform, a large
photocurrent will be generated and there will be a large energy loss. The above factors will result in a decrease in the
photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.
This paper chooses the high-power concentrator designed by reference [2], which has the following characteristics.
— Firstly, in order to increase the concentration ratio, high-power condenser module should adopt Cassegrain
optical system, which plays an important role in large-aperture infrared systems.
— Next, the main advantage of the main reflector and secondary reflector system is: larger caliber, silver reflective
film, the use of wave length is very wide, from UV to far infrared bribing high reflectivity, no color difference.
— Finally, using high-order aspheric system, whose structure is simple and image quality is excellent.
Specific structure as shown below:

FIGURE.1 Structure of the solar concentrator

Tracking solar collector platform

In order to maximize the collection of solar energy, this paper presents a tracking solar collector platform. The
specific structure is shown in Figure 2.

FIGURE.2 Structure of the tracking solar collector platform

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 When the sunlight meets the requirements, it will enter photoelectric tracking mode. On the four sides of the light
collector are installed four photosensitive sensors, when the sun and the light collector deviate from 90 °, the opposite
side of the side of the photosensitive sensor to feel strong light, the resistance changes, causing the acquisition of the
voltage signal changes. The controller converts the voltage signal into a digital quantity to send to the one-chip
computer, and then microcontroller by comparing the amount of digital sent indirectly to determine the direction of
deviation from the sun so as to control the relay to drive the corresponding motor to rotate. The height angle and
azimuth of the light collecting plate are adjusted so that the light collecting plate is kept perpendicular to the sunlight
again. After the day's work, the light collector faces the westernmost. In order to make the light collector recover work
in the early morning the next day, a light sensitive sensor is arranged directly above the light collector to judge whether
it is day or night. In this way, the system can be cycled to avoid problems that the collector may have to track the
position of the sun at high angles. In rain and snow, light intensity is very weak. As a result, collectors cannot track
the sun properly, for which the system also set the calendar tracking method. When the MCU determines that the light
intensity is lower than a certain value, the system reads the current time through the DS1302 chip and solves the
preliminary solar elevation and azimuth according to the local latitude and longitude, and uses the "perpetual calendar"
to track the sun. After entering the "calendar" mode, the system reads the altitude angle and azimuth angle from time
to time and compares it with the calculated data to find the deviation, and controls the motor to rotate to track. In order
to prevent the motor from starting frequently, the microcontroller sets a threshold value through the program, which
says that the microcontroller will drive the motor to rotate only when the digital difference between the corresponding
light intensities on both sides reaches a certain value. This threshold is not constant, but varies according to the lighting
conditions of different seasons. This design ensures maximum solar energy without errors.

Solar power control strategy

Literature [3] for the control method of solar panels has been improved based on the traditional method. It
combines the MPPT control method with the INC method and improved the method of on-line incremental adjustment
of duty cycle, which can speed up the system's dynamic response and reduce system oscillations. This method is
suitable for the current system and will not be described in detail.

Design of wind power generation system

Selection of wind turbine

Generators commonly used in small power generation systems include asynchronous and synchronous. With the
technical development of permanent magnet materials, the product of magnetic energy has been improved greatly. At
present, the main is direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator. The generator of this type adopts the
permanent magnet excitation to eliminate the excitation loss, improve the efficiency and realize the brushless of the
generator. In operation, it is unnecessary to establish the magnetic field by absorbing the reactive power from the
power grid. To sum up, it has the following advantages.
— Increase wind-turbine efficiency and reliability.
— Reduce equipment maintenance.
— Reduce noise pollution.
These advantages make direct-drive permanent magnet wind power generation system stand out from others,
which has a good development prospect.

Control of wind turbine

Like a solar panel, there is a maximum power point at the output of the wind turbine. If wind and solar power
generation system would like to capture the maximum wind energy, wind turbine speed must be adjusted in real time
based on changes in wind speed. This control method plays a decisive role in wind power generation. According to
the principle of electric wind generator, we know that when the input mechanical power is greater than the output
electric power, the speed of the wind turbine will increase; on the contrary, the speed will drop. Therefore, the output
power of the wind turbine can be adjusted to complete the output power adjustment. Adjusting the duty cycle of the
driving signal control circuit can achieve output power control, which indirectly to achieve the purpose of controlling
the speed of the wind turbine. At present, there are mainly three kinds of wind turbine control technologies applied to

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the independent wind and solar hybrid power generation system. But in this paper, we will not repeat them. Reference
[3] gives a similar strategy with solar control, which achieves common control of both power generation systems,
reduce costs and simplify control.

Description of system structure

FIGURE.3 Energy conversion system

Technically speaking, photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation have versatility in the inverter,
battery charge and discharge control and conversion. Both of them have the common issue, maximum power point
tracking. As a result, many parts can be shared, which not only can save costs, but also can reduce the required battery
capacity and improve the battery life.
Scenery complementary independent power supply system structure is shown in Figure 3. But the figure does not
show the corresponding part of the protection and detection. As shown in the figure, Battery charge converter is shared.
And the input is composed of two parts, the electrical energy obtained by the photovoltaic cell array and the electrical
energy obtained by the wind power generator. As the alternator used in wind turbines, rectification part is added.
Battery charge and discharge system will not be carried out at the same time. Besides, the converter is also shared.
This structural design not only saves costs, but also more conducive to the realization of wind and solar structure
function.
In addition, in order to make more efficient use of electricity and to ensure the power supply, increasing the
surveillance system to monitor battery status. When the battery power is nearing saturation, the DC / DC converter
will be adjusted through the control terminal to reduce the input voltage. When the battery power is difficult to meet
the current charging station power demand, then the grid side will be used to supply power, which not only avoid the
shortcomings of insufficient energy supply, but also achieve full use of new energy.

FIGURE.4 Structure of the super capacitor and battery energy storage circuit

Last but not least, in order to ensure the continuity and stability of the power supply system, independent wind and
solar power generation system selected the battery as energy storage device.
However, wind and solar power generation system is seriously affected by the climate. As a consequence, its
output power is unstable and unpredictable, which is mainly reflected in the output current fluctuations. If charge
current is too large, it will make not only the battery happen polarization phenomenon, but also the active material off
the plate and the temperature rise. Similarly, high current discharge can bend the battery plate. In addition, due to
intermittent or insufficient power generation, the battery is often in a state of small charge and discharge current,

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which will accelerate the aging process and short the cycle life. So, in the energy storage system, configuring the super
capacitor, and through the controller to control the energy flow process will give full play to the advantages of super
capacitor power density and optimize the battery charge and discharge current. Additional, such a program can take
advantage of the super capacitor energy storage capacity and reduce the number of charge and discharge cycles. Based
on this, this paper proposed energy storage scheme based on the super capacitor and battery, which is shown in Figure
4. Use it to replace the battery module in Figure 3.

CONCLUSION
Energy-saving emission reduction is currently the main purpose of the implementation of electric vehicles at home
and abroad. The use of renewable energy supply system can achieve the true sense of energy-saving emission
reduction. Although the cost of generating electricity from renewable energy is slightly higher than that of thermal
power for technical reasons, in the long run, the level of utilization of renewable energy will increase year by year,
and the cost of generating electricity will also decrease. On the other hand, at present, most of the reasons why most
of renewable energy power generation cannot be grid-connected are due to grid pollution caused by the large
fluctuation of power supply and power supply quality. If using this program, the grid can be achieved to minimize the
pollution.
In the paper, a new type of EV charging device is proposed. It uses the wind and solar power as a source of energy.
This is not just a change in the way charging, but also a change of the using new energy. This article is proposed to
further promote the development of new energy vehicles. Apart from that, the redefinition of the relationship between
new energy and power grids is made. Combined with the current development of new energy vehicles, this way breaks
the traditional concept of new energy grid, which will provide a new way for the utilization of new energy in the future.
It is of great significance for solving the serious environmental pollution and depletion of resources in the whole world.

REFERENCES
1. Guoqiang Jiang, high-power wind and solar power system independent design and implementation, 2010,
University of Science and Technology of China.
2. Ping Zhang, High-power concentrator systems for solar photovoltaic power generation. Applied Optics, 2011.
32 (3): 389-394.
3. Chengda Guo, wind and solar power conversion system research, 2009, Dalian University of Technology.
4. Chao Li, Design and control of tracking solar collector platform. Journal of Anhui University of Technology
(Natural Science Edition), 2010. 27 (4): 393-396.
5. Bo Zhang, Yiwang Wang and Li Xiang, Research and Design of a Small Wind and Photoelectricity Independent
Power Supply System. Modern Power, 2013. 30 (4): 29-32.
6. Shaolin Li and Guoxing Yao, Study on Hybrid Energy Storage of Supercapacitors with Wind and Photovoltaic
Power Generation. Power Electronics, 2010 (02): 12-14.

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