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  • WEIRS

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    Jovy Ando
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    The document discusses weirs, which are overflow structures used for flow metering and control. Weirs can be rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, or other shapes. They can have either a sharp or broad crest. Flow over a weir can be either free or submerged. The document provides definitions of key weir terms and formulas for calculating discharge over rectangular suppressed weirs under both free-flow and submerged-flow conditions. Examples are given to demonstrate using the formulas.

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    The document discusses weirs, which are overflow structures used for flow metering and control. Weirs can be rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, or other shapes. They can have either a sharp or broad crest. Flow over a weir can be either free or submerged. The document provides definitions of key weir terms and formulas for calculating discharge over rectangular suppressed weirs under both free-flow and submerged-flow conditions. Examples are given to demonstrate using the formulas.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    393 views4 pages

    WEIRS

    Uploaded by

    Jovy Ando
    The document discusses weirs, which are overflow structures used for flow metering and control. Weirs can be rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, or other shapes. They can have either a sharp or broad crest. Flow over a weir can be either free or submerged. The document provides definitions of key weir terms and formulas for calculating discharge over rectangular suppressed weirs under both free-flow and submerged-flow conditions. Examples are given to demonstrate using the formulas.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    WEIRS

    The weir is essentially an overflow structure extending across an open channel normal to

    the direction of flow and widely used for the purpose of flow metering and control.
    Classification of Weirs

    According to shape, weirs may be rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, circular, parabolic,

    or of any other regular form. The most commonly used shapes are the rectangular, triangular and

    the trapezoidal shapes. According to the form of the crest, weirs may be sharp crested or broad-

    crested. The flow over a weir may either be free or submerged. If the water surface downstream

    from the weir is lower than the crest, the flow is free, but if the downstream surface is higher than

    the crest, the flow is submerged.

    Definition of Terms

    Nappe- the overflowing stream in the weir.

    Crest of weir- the edge or top surface of a weir with which the flowing liquid come in

    contact.
    Contracted weir- weirs having sides sharp-edged, so that the nappe is contracted in width

    or having end contractions, either one end or two ends.

    Suppressed weir or full-width weir- weirs having its length L being equal to the width of

    the channel so that the nappe suffers no end contractions.Type equation here.

    Dropdown curve- the downward curvature of the liquid surface before the weir.

    Head, H- the distance between the ground surface and the crest of the weir measured before

    the dropdown curve.

    Formulas of a Rectangular Suppressed Weir

    3 3
    2 𝑣𝑎 2 𝑄
    Q = 3 C√2𝑔L[(H + ℎ𝑣 )2 -ℎ𝑣 2 ] ; ℎ𝑣 = ; 𝑣𝑎 = 𝐴
    2𝑔
    3 3
    Q = 𝐶𝑊 L[(H + ℎ𝑣 )2 -ℎ𝑣 2 ]
    3
    *If the ratio H/P is sufficiently small, the term ℎ𝑣 2 may be neglected.
    3
    Q = 𝐶𝑊 L𝐻 2
    𝐻 3 𝐶2
    Q = 𝐶𝑊 LH^3/2[1+ 𝐶1 ( 𝑑 )^2] ; 𝐶1 = 2 x 2𝑔

    Standard Weir Factor Formulas


    FRANCIS FORMULA
    *weirs from 1.07m(3.5ft) to 5.18m(17ft) long under heads from 180mm to 490mm.
    𝐶𝑤 = 1.84[ 1+0.26 (H / d) ^2]
    For H/P < 0.4
    𝐶𝑤 = 1.84 (S.I. Unit)
    𝐶𝑤 = 3.33 (English)
    Example #1
    During a test on a 2.4m suppressed weir 900mm high, the head was maintained constant at
    300mm. in 38 seconds, 28,800 liters of water were collected. What is the weir factor?

    3 3
    Q = 𝐶𝑊 L[(H + ℎ𝑣 )2 -ℎ𝑣 2 ]
    𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 28800
    Q= = = 757.9 L/s
    𝐴 38

    Q = 0.7579 m^3/s

    Velocity of approach 0.7579 = 𝐶𝑊 (2.4)[(0.3+0.00353)^3/2-(0.00353)^3/2]


    𝑄 0.7579
    𝑣𝑎 = 𝐴 = 2.4(1.2) 𝐶𝑊 = 1.891

    𝑣𝑎 = 0.26316 m/s
    𝑣𝑎 2 (0.26316)^2
    ℎ𝑣 = 2𝑔
    = 2(9.81)
    = 0.00353

    Example #2
    Find the width, in meters, of the channel at the back of a suppressed weir using the
    following data: Head, H = 28.5cm, Depth of water, d = 2.485m, Discharge, Q = 0.84 m^3/s.
    Consider velocity of approach and use Francis Formula.

    3
    𝐻
    Q = 1.84L𝐻 2 Q = 𝐶𝑊 LH[1+ 𝐶1 ( 𝑑 )^2]
    3 𝐶2 3(1.84)^2
    0.84 = 1.84L (0.285) ^3/2 𝐶1 = x = = 0.2588
    2 2𝑔 2(9.81)
    0.285
    L = 3m 0.84 = 1.84L(0.285)^3/2[1+ 0.2588( )^2] = 3m
    2.485

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