Harmonic Planning Levels For Australian Distribution Systems
Harmonic Planning Levels For Australian Distribution Systems
The LV load is set at a constant harmonic level Table II - Summation Law Exponent α
whose value is determined as described in variation with h
Section 4.1. The MV load harmonic emission is Harmonic order α
increased until the 415V.R busbar reaches the 415V h<5 1
Planning Level. The values of the intermediate 5≤ h ≤ 10 1.4
busbar voltages are then taken as the required h > 10 2
intermediate Planning Levels.
The circuit theory calculations are not unduly
To avoid representing the system upstream of the complex. A spreadsheet has served as a convenient
132kV busbar, it is assumed that the whole power means for implementing all the calculations
system is operating at its maximum allowed described in this study, including load modelling,
harmonic emission and the 132kV busbar voltage has converting harmonic currents into voltages, and
reached its Planning Level which has to be combining voltage components.
determined from a preliminary study (Section 5.2).
The selection of the 132kV Planning Level is to It would be time-consuming to apply this approach
some extent arbitrary, however the resulting values for the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and each of
do not have a major impact on the intermediate the 39 harmonics within the scope of [1]. It is also
Planning Levels. The 415V Planning Level is also set questionable if the methodology can be extended
independently, slightly less than the values in simply to all other harmonics. There is also
Table I, as described in Section 5.1. uncertainty in determining LV load emissions at high
harmonics. Single phase models cannot be used to
Harmonics are generally time-varying. The analyse the propagation of triplen harmonics which
maximum value of the harmonic voltage is too short must be unbalanced at the MV level where there is
in duration to give a good measure of its effects. The no neutral connection. The approach is clearly
standard recommends the use of statistical quantities unsuited for a study of THD.
such as the 95% value and this will be used for all
voltages and currents in the discussion below. Instead the method has been applied only to the
original test system at several selected harmonics
The voltages at each busbar are made up of three across the range 2-40. It was found that the change in
components the voltage profile with frequency could be
• 132kV busbar value representing transmission reasonably well approximated by a linear expression.
effects. This frequency-dependent harmonic profile is
• Upstream LV load effects. assumed to be suited to the other sets of power
• Upstream MV loads effects. system data and has been extended to all harmonics
and the THD, enabling Planning Levels to be
determined for all MV levels studied (66kV, 33kV, installations. There are some LV industrial and
22kV, 11kV). commercial installations which produce high
harmonic emissions locally, but it will be assumed
3. TEST SYSTEM that they are a small part of the whole LV load in a
MV subsystem. Table V summarises the harmonic
It is assumed that the system is homogenous, that is current limits for LV equipment as given in AS/NZS
all the parts not shown have the same parameters, 61000.3.2 for the 5th harmonic [2].
topology and loading data as the section shown. Note
the symbols S (Send) and R (Receive) are used to Table V - Summary of AS/NZS 61000.3.2 for 5th
distinguish the busbars at the two ends of the feeder harmonic
and distributor.
40
20
33kV voltage ratio
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
In determining ratios which can be applied to all -20
systems, the following need to be considered h