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    Example 5-1: Solution

    Uploaded by

    Arega Genetie
    The document contains information and calculations regarding sewage discharge and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in rivers. It includes: 1) A calculation finding that discharging 8 million liters per day of sewage with 250 mg/L BOD into a river with a flow of 200 L/s and BOD of 6 mg/L would result in diluted water with a BOD of 83.21 mg/L. 2) A calculation determining that the river discharge would need to increase to 1521 L/s to reduce the diluted water BOD to 20 mg/L. 3) A calculation finding that critical BOD deficit of 4.12 mg/L would occur after 1.905 days and 16

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    Example 5-1: Solution

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    Arega Genetie
    81 views3 pages
    The document contains information and calculations regarding sewage discharge and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in rivers. It includes: 1) A calculation finding that discharging 8 million liters per day of sewage with 250 mg/L BOD into a river with a flow of 200 L/s and BOD of 6 mg/L would result in diluted water with a BOD of 83.21 mg/L. 2) A calculation determining that the river discharge would need to increase to 1521 L/s to reduce the diluted water BOD to 20 mg/L. 3) A calculation finding that critical BOD deficit of 4.12 mg/L would occur after 1.905 days and 16

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    The document contains information and calculations regarding sewage discharge and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in rivers. It includes: 1) A calculation finding that discharging 8 million liters per day of sewage with 250 mg/L BOD into a river with a flow of 200 L/s and BOD of 6 mg/L would result in diluted water with a BOD of 83.21 mg/L. 2) A calculation determining that the river discharge would need to increase to 1521 L/s to reduce the diluted water BOD to 20 mg/L. 3) A calculation finding that critical BOD deficit of 4.12 mg/L would occur after 1.905 days and 16

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    81 views3 pages

    Example 5-1: Solution

    Uploaded by

    Arega Genetie
    The document contains information and calculations regarding sewage discharge and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in rivers. It includes: 1) A calculation finding that discharging 8 million liters per day of sewage with 250 mg/L BOD into a river with a flow of 200 L/s and BOD of 6 mg/L would result in diluted water with a BOD of 83.21 mg/L. 2) A calculation determining that the river discharge would need to increase to 1521 L/s to reduce the diluted water BOD to 20 mg/L. 3) A calculation finding that critical BOD deficit of 4.12 mg/L would occur after 1.905 days and 16

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Example 5-1

    The sewage of a town is to be discharged into a river stream. The quantity of sewage produced
    per day is 8 million liters, and its BOD is 250mg It. If the discharge in the river is 200l/s and its
    BOD is 6mg/l, find out the BOD of the diluted water.
    Solution
    Sewage discharge = Qs
    6
    8∗10
    QS = l/s=92.59 l/s
    24∗60∗60
    Discharge of the river = QR = 200 l/s
    BOD of sewage = CS = 250 mg/l
    BOD of river = CR = 6 mg/l.
    Using equation (8.1), we have
    C s Qs +C R Q R
    BOD of the diluted mixture=C=
    Qs +Q R
    250∗92.59+ 6∗200
    C= =83.21 mg/l
    92.59+200
    b. What should be the river discharge if it is desired to reduce the BOD of diluted water to
    20mg/l.

    250∗92.59+6∗QR
    20=
    92.59+QR

    QR=1521l/s
    Example 5-2
    A city discharges 100 cumecs of sewage into a river, which is fully saturated with oxygen and
    flowing at the rate of 1500 cumecs during its lean days with a velocity of 0.1m/sec. The 5-days
    BOD of sewage at the given temperature is 280mg/l. Find when and where the critical DO deficit
    will occur in the downstream portion of the river, and what is its amount? Assume coefficient of
    purification of the stream (f) as 4.0 and coefficient of de-oxygenation (KD as 0.1)
    Solution
    The initial DO of river
    = Saturation DO at the given temp. = 9.2 mg/l (say)
    DO of mix at t = 0 i.e., at start
    9.2∗1500+0∗100
    ¿ =8.62 mg/l
    1500+100
    (Assuming that DO of sewage is nil)
    Initial DO deficit of the stream
    ¿ DO=9.2−8.62=0.58 mg/l
    Also, 5-day BOD of the mixture of sewage and stream is given by
    C s Qs +C R Q R
    C=
    Q s+ Q R
    280 x 100+0 x 1500
    ¿ =17.5 mg /l
    100+1500
    Therefore, 5 day BOD of mix at the given temp. = Y5 = 17.5mg/l
    Y 5=L∗( 1−10−K D∗5
    ) and KD = 0.1 (at 20°c)
    The ultimate BOD of the mix (i.e. L)
    17.5
    L= =25.58 mg/l
    0.684
    Now, using equation (8.11)

    ( ) ( ( f −1 )∗D 0
    )
    ( f – 1)
    L
    =f∗ 1−
    D c∗f L

    ( 25.58
    D ∗4 ) ( ( 4−1 )∗0.58
    )
    ( 4 – 1)
    =4∗ 1−
    c 25.58
    Dc =4.12mg /l
    Now, from equation (8.8),

    t c=
    1
    K D (f – 1)
    log 1−
    ({
    ( f −1 )∗D 0
    L
    ∗f } )
    t c=
    1
    0.1(4 – 1) ({
    log 1−
    25.58 } )
    ( 4−1 )∗0.58
    ∗4 =1.905 days

    Now,
    distance=Velocity of river∗Travel time
    ¿ 0.1 m/sec∗(1.905∗24∗60∗60 sec )=16,460 m=16.46 km
    Hence, the most critical deficit will occur after 1.905days and at point 16.46km downstream of
    the point of sewage disposal.

    Example 5-3
    A town having population of 40,000 disposes sewage by land treatment. It gets a per capita
    assured water supply from waterworks at a rate of 130l/day. Assuming that the land used for
    sewage disposal can absorb 80m3 of sewage per hectare per day, determine the land area
    required, and its cost at the rate of $25,000 per hectare. Make suitable assumptions where
    needed.
    Solution
    Population = 40,000
    Rate of water supply = 130 l/day/person
    Total water supplied per day
    ¿ 40,000∗130 l=5,200,000 lites=5,200 cu . m.
    Assuming that 80% of this water appears as sewage,
    The quantity of sewage produced per day
    ¿ 0.8∗5200=4160 cum.
    Therefore, area of land required for disposing sewage
    4160
    ¿ =52 hectares
    80
    Providing 50% extra land fOT rest and rotation,
    The total land area required
    ¿ 1.5∗52=78 hectares
    Cost of land involved
    ¿ 25,000∗78=$ 1,950,000

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