`

Department of Education
Bureau of Learning Delivery
Teaching and Learning Division

Grade Levels: Grade 11/12

Specialized Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics
Semester: First ( Week 1)

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives ion/of
anthropology, sociology and political science
Code: UCSP 11/12SPU-1a-
1 UCSP 11/12SPU-
1a-2 UCSP
11/12SPU-1a-3
` The Understanding of Culture, Society and Politics

Good Day!

I’m teacher Andro and I will be your teacher for your subject Understanding Culture, Society and Politi

This will be your teacher for first topic of the first week for Quarter 1 of this subject. I hope you are oka

OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module, the students should be able to:

a. Define anthropology, sociology and political science

b. Describe the goals of anthropology, sociology and political science Appreciates the value of an
c.
social science.

Direction: Complete the statement to give meaning and sense of such by underlining the word
enclosed inside the parenthesis. Use the answer sheet provided at the next pages of this module.
Copy and Answer.

1. Sociology is specifically significant because it regulates and control people’s ( life,

behaviour, religion).
2. Politics can (enhance, destroy, obstruct) personal happiness.
3. Politics affects human (biology, lives, society).
4. Anthropology is (stereotype, relevant, commentary).
5. Political Science trains students to develop (symbiotic, critical, simple) skills.
6. Studying Sociology is a (confirmative, supportive, transformative) experience.
7. (Sociology, Anthropology, Political Science) increases our understanding of ourselves
and our society.
8. Sociology tell us that health is a (political, cultural, human) right.
9. Sociology is produced because of (personal, social, real) change.
10. Culture is the (visible, invisible, discernible) bond.
 4 Good Day Sir!
` LESSON PROPER
Yes Sir, I’m okay and I’m
ready for our lesson.

3 Very Good!
Now what is your understanding about our topic?
Can you think any word/s or phrases that can be associated with our
topic?

Very Good! 5
You have a good idea! Keep it It’s about society?
up!
The People!

Everything about the

6

It’s about the culture of people

including their government.

Let us first define Social Science – It is the discipline under which identity, culture, society, and politics are stu
Are comprised of a wide array of disciplines that studies the overall function of a society as well as with interac
There are fields of Social science. These are;
Anthropology
Sociology
Political Science 7
And our main objective here is to know about the fields of Anthropology, Sociology and political Science.
Please read and understand the given term below.

Definitions of terms

 Anthropology- is a behavioural science that

deals with the study of culture. The
components, characteristics, functions, modes
of adaptation of culture as well as cultural value
and practices are studied in Anthropology.
 The word anthropology is derived from two
Greek words “logos” which means Study and
“anthropo”, which means man.

 Sociology- is a behavioural science that deals

with the study of society. The origin,
evolution, characteristics and functions,
dimensions and basic social functions are
studied in sociology. The word Sociology was
derived from two
`

terms; “logos”, which means study or science;

and “socius”, which means group or partners.

 Political science- It deals with the study of

politics or government. it also deals with the
foundations of state and the principles of
government. In Political science, the way
people govern themselves; the various forms of
government, their structures and their
relationship to other institution

Goals of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science

1. Goals of Anthropology
 Look at one’s own culture more objectively like an outsider.
 Discover what makes people different from one another to understand and
preserve diversity.
 Discover what people have in common
 Produce new knowledge and new theories about humankind and human behaviour.

2. Goals of Sociology
 Obtain theories and principles about the society and aspects of human life.
 Study the nature of humanity which leads to examining our roles in the society.
 Appreciate that all things are interdependent with other.
 Expose our minds on the perspectives in attaining the truth.
These are the goals of Anthropology, 8
Sociology and Political science.
3. Goals of Political Science
 Education for citizenship
 Essential parts of liberal education
 Knowledge and understanding of government.
Can you define now Anthropology, Sociology and PoliticalYes
science?
Sir! Thank you so much

You’re Welcome!

10

11
Now, Let us talk about the significant of
studying anthropology, sociology and Political
science
Yes Sir! 12
`
There are five rationales for studying Anthropology. These are
follows:

 Anthropology broadens your horizon and changes

your perspectives.
 Anthropology is relevant.
 Anthropology is useful
 Anthropology helps us to deal with complexity
 Anthropology is interesting

Sir! 13

There are (10)rationales for studying Sociology These are follows:

 Sociology makes you a different person from the rest.

 Sociology helps us understand that individuality and in dependence are
highly valued in our society.
 As a discipline, Sociology involves the description and explanation of
social structures and processes
 Sociological research also reveals the multifaceted nature of social reality,
its multiple causes and multiple effects.
 By studying Sociology, we can become aware of underlying social dimensions in
political, economic and legal systems.
 Understanding social behavior and social processes are important in a
democratic country.
 Sociology tell us that health is a human right.
 Sociology tell us that religion and technology are also human forms of
expressions.
 Sociology tell us that education contributes to the development of
individual’s capacitiesn for active participation in community life.
 Sociology provides valuable information about race and its impact to p-resent

Sir! 14
There are (4) Rationales for studying Political Science. They are as follows;

 Political science deepens knowledge and understanding of students in the

field of government and politics.
 Political science trains students to develop critical skills.
 Political science helps students to obtain practical knowledge and insights
on political issues. It has been called “Queen Of the science.”
 Political science helps the students to understand why people behave the
way they do politically.

Great! 15

That was the end of our discussion about the nature,

goals and perspectives of Anthropology, Sociology
and Political Science.

Are you ready now for the activity?

 ` 16
LOOK! LOOK! Yes Sir! We are ready!

17

Extend your Knowledge

Direction: Answer the entire question below to enhance and extend your knowledge in our topic or in
your subject. Use the answer sheet provided at the next pages of this module. Copy and Answer.

1. Why do you think this subject/ course is offered to senior high school students? give five
(5) main reasons.
2. Change happens anytime and anywhere. Do you Agree or Disagree? Why?

I have learned that _ .

I have realized that .

I will apply _.

Enrichment

For single Students: If you plan to get married soon, where do you want your spouse to come
from? (in the same neighbourhood, in the same barangay of the same town or city, in another
province, region, or island) support your answer. Use the answer sheet provided at the next
pages of this module. Copy and Answer.
 `

Direction: Identify the terms being referred to in the following statements.

1. It helps the students to understand why people behave the way they
do politically.
2. This discipline involves the description and explanation of social
structures and processes.
3. It is a behavioural science that deals with the study of human
culture.
4. It deals with the study of society.
5. The meaning of the word
“anthropo” 6-9 give the goals of Anthropology

10-12 give the goals Political science.

13-15 Give at least 3 rationale of studying anthropology.

References:

Online References:

 https://eurocoin-competition.eu/wp-
content/uploads/2018/11/anthropology.jpg- July
18, 2020
 https://cdn.psychologytoday.com/sites/default/files/
fi eld_blog_entry_images/SociologijA.jpg- july
18, 2020
 https://www.google.com/search?q=picture+opolitical
+science- July 18, 2020
 Scrb.com- July 18,202
 google.com- July 18, 2020
 Book: Understanding Culture, Society and Politics authored by: MARIANO
M. ARIOLA, LL.B;Ed.D.
Copyright 2016.pages 29-41.
`

Answer Sheet/ Activity Sheet

Subject Teacher:___________________________________________Date:
Name of Student____________________________________________________________
Grade level: _Section: _Specialization_________
Subject: UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Module Week: 1 Quarter: 1 semester
Contact Number:

_ _
Printed Name & Signature of the Parent/Guardian
 `

Department of Education
Bureau of Learning Delivery
Teaching and Learning Division

Grade Levels: Grade 11/12

Specialized Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics
Semester: First (Week 2)

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Analyze the concept, aspect, and in/of culture
and society.
Code: UCSP 11/12SPU-1b-3
UCSP 11/12SPU-1b-4
UCSP 11/12SPU-1b-5
`
Defining Culture and Society from the Perspectives of
Anthropology and Sociology

Hi Class! I’m back!

Again, I’m your teacher Andro and I will be your teacher again in your subject
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.

We are now in the Second Week of Quarter 1 of your subject.

So, how are you today?

I hope you are all in good health.

OBJECTIVE: At the end of this module, the students should be able to:
1. Define Culture and Society
2. Identify the aspect of culture and society.
3. Recognize the value of Anthropology and Sociology

Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers. If the
statement is true write the word AGREE. If the statement is false, write the word
DISAGREE. If you are not sure of the truth or falsity of the statement, write the word
UNCERTAIN.

1. Society and culture is a complex whole.

_2. Cultural relativism mitigates ethnocentrism.

_3. There are risks to culture heritage.
_4. Man’s behavior is greatly shaped by the society and culture where he belongs.
_5. People live together always in a large scale grouping.
_6. Tribe is an example of culture.
_7. Religion is an example of culture.
_8. Every person shares his or her culture to others.
_9. Culture is an organized body of conventional understanding manifested in
art only.
_10. Tylor’s theory was attacked primarily because he did not attribute the origin of
religion to the interference of supernatural powers.
 ` Before we will start our lesson let’s have first a memory exercise.
1
This activity is called “Repeat it Out Loud”

In order to remember anything you have just read, heard or done, repeat it out loud.

For example, repeat out loud the name of someone new you’ve just met and you will nail the name down

2 Task No. 2 Sharpen your mind. In a Catholic Church wedding ceremony, the bride wears a
white bridal dress. What is the meaning or significance of this color? Do you think that in
2050 or even earlier, the same color will no longer be worn, and instead green, pink, yellow,
red, or even black colors? What do you think?

You’re Welcome!
Thank you Sir!
I hope you enjoyed a little bit.
Are you ready for our next 4
topic?

Yes Sir! We are

ready!

The Society

Society is a group of people living together in a definite territory, having a

5 sense of belongingness, mutually interdependent of each other, and follows a
certain way of life.
 It is a group of people sharing a common culture. See the
figure below.

6
The focal point in the of society is man’s social; behavior since his
behavior is greatly shape by society and culture where he belongs

7
Thank you sir!
how about the
Culture?

Sample Figure of the Society

 `
People live together in a large scale grouping such as community, state which is
international in nature, or in a small number of people like the family, clan, tribe and
neighborhood. Each social group exhibits a shared common traits, beliefs, values
and way of life which we call Culture.
Culture – is a dynamic medium through which societies create a collective way of life
reflected in such a things such as beliefs, values, music, literature, art, dance, science,
8 religion, ritual technology and others.

 CULTURE- is that”a complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices,

values, attitudes laws, norms, artifacts, symbols knowledge, and everything
that a person learns and share as a member of society” (Edward B Taylor, 18th
Century English anthropologist).

According to Allan G. Johnson, Culture is the sum of symbols, ideas, forms of expressions and material
products associated with social system.

Robert Redfield states that Culture is an organized body of conventional understanding manifested in art and
artifacts, which persisting through tradition.
9

Thus, Culture is a very powerful force that affects the lives of the members of the society. It shapes and
guides people’s perception of reality.
10

Sir! Can we consider society as a complex

11 whole?

Yes!
Society is a complex whole because it is a social system. As a complex
whole; it is made up of individuals and groups that interact in a
relatively stable and patterned manner.
12
13
Sir? Why is it called a system?

14
Yes!
As a System, it consist of sub-parts. A change in one segment will affect
all the other parts of the systems. Society is regarded as the largest and
most inclusive social unit that exist.
 `

Additional Notes … Things to Ponder 15

Anthropological perspectives on cultures and Society.

1. The Evolutionist-Intellectual Perspective

 Proponent are: Edward Burnett Tylor, Johann Jakob Bachofen and James G. Frazer
 According to them Death and the belief in the soul and the spirits play important roles in
this perspective.
2. The French Sociology School
 Proponents are: Emile Durkheim and his followers(including Robert Hertzand Marcell Mauss
 They investigated the mechanisms by societies sustain and reproduce themselves.
3. The British Functionalist School
 Proponents are: Bronislaw Malinowski
 He considered the anxiety caused by the rationally uncontrollable happenings as the basic
motivation for the emergence of religious faith.
 He suggested that religion was not born of speculation and illusion, but rather out of the real
tragedies of human lifer, out of the conflict between human plans and realities….The existence of
strong personal attachments and the fact death, which all of human events id the most upsetting and
disorganizing to man’s calculations, are perhaps the main sources of religious belief.
 Arnold Radcliffe-Brown according to him in the case of certain rights, it would be easy to
maintain… that they give men fears and anxieties from which they would otherwise be free-“ The
fear of black magic or of spirits, fear of God, of the devil, of Hell”

Sociological Perspectives on Culture and Society

Sociological Perspective Level of Analysis Focus

Micro Use of Symbols; Face –to-face
Symbolic Interactionism interactions
Macro Relationships between the parts
Functionalism of the society : How aspects nof
society are functional (adaptive)
Macro Competition for scarce
resources; How the elite control
Conflict Theory the poor and weak

1. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective.

 -people attach meanings to symbols, and then they act according to their subjective interpretation
of the symbols.
2. Functionalist Perspective.
 also called Functionalism, each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to
society’s functioning as a whole.
3. The Conflict Perspective.( Karl Marx’s writing on class struggles,

Dear students I already explained to you the Anthropological and sociological

perspectives of culture and society.
And now… we will identify the aspects of culture and society.
Do you have any idea?
16
 17 Don’t worry. I will provide you below
` the important terminologies.

While reading try to identify the aspects

of culture and society.

18 Definitions of Terms:

 Culture defined as ‘’that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices,

values, attitudes, law, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge and everything that a
person learns and shares as a member of society.
 Culture Is Everything- It is what a peson has, does and thinks as part of society. This
implies all of persons belief system, set of behaviors and material possesions.
 Material Culture- includes all tangible and visible parts of culture, which includes
clothes, foods and even buildings.
 Nonmaterial Culture -includes all intangible parts of culture, which consist of values,
ideas and knowledge
 Culture Is Learned- culture is set of beliefs, attitudes and practices that an individual
learns through his or her family, school, church and other social institutions
 Enculturation- is a process of learning your own culture.
 Acculturation- is a process of accommodating desirable traits from other culture.
 Deculturation- culture has been lost and even cultural trait itself is in the process of
being forgotten.
 Culture Is Shared- This implies that a particular behavior cannot be considered as a
culture if there is only one person practicing it. Culture is shared intergenerational
 Culture Affects Biology - Humans are born into cultures that have values on beauty
and body. As such, they alter their bodies to fit physiological norms that are dictated
by their culture.
 Culture Is Adaptive - Culture is a tool for survival that humans use in response to the
pressures of their environment.
 Culture Is Maladaptive - Culture can also cause problems for the people who
subscribe to it. These problems arise when environment is change and culture has
remained the same.
 Culture Changes - The final characteristic of culture it is never static. This dynamism
of culture is due to changing needs of humans as they interpret and survive in their
environment

I hope you learned from the different terminologies.

Can you identify now the aspects of Culture?

19
How about the aspect of Society?
20
Yes Sir. I learned and
enjoyed reading.
 Yes Sir. The aspects of culture are:
`
 Culture Is Everything
21
 Culture Is Learned
 Culture Is Shared
 Culture Is Shared

Yes Sir. The aspects of Society are:

22
 Culture Affects Biology
 Culture Is Adaptive
 Culture Is Maladaptive
 Culture Changes

Great! You have both

got the correct 24
And last…
answers.
How important Anthropology and Sociology in
23 the study of Culture and society?

Sir! The Importance of Anthropology to

the study of culture is that… 25
Anthropology provides a basis for
understanding both our own and other

Sociology will enable us to gain a better 26

understanding of the social forces that shape
your own life.

Very Good!

Remember always that without anthropology we cannot understand our own culture as well the others.

And, Sociology will enable us to gain a better understanding of the social forces that shape your ow

And now let’s have an activity.

27
`

LOOK! LOOK!

Activity #1
Give an example in each culture that shows the characteristics of the said culture. Use the answer
sheet provided at the next pages of this module. Copy and Answer.

CULTURE IS EVERYTHING -

CULTURE IS LEARNED –

CULTURE IS SHARED -

CULTURE AFFECTS BIOLOGY -

CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE -
_

CULTURE IS MALADAPTIVE-

CULTURE CHANGES-
`

Activity #2: Extend your Knowledge

Answer the entire question below to enhance and extend your knowledge in Culture and
Society. . Use the answer sheet provided at the next pages of this module. Copy and Answer.

1. What are the subdisciplines of anthropology

2. Explain each subdisciplines of anthropology

Direction: Answer the question below using your critical thinking skills. Write your answer
on the activity/answer sheet provided hereof.

1. As a student, how do you adapt to your environment? Give one example on how
you adapt to your environment.
2. Culture was not designed by man to become what it has become. What does
this statement mean? What characteristics of culture is this.

I have learned that _ .

I have realized that .

I will apply _.
 `

References

Online
References:
 www.google.com- July 18, 2020
 https://www.studocu.com/ph- July 18, 2020
 https://www.google.com/search?q=cartoon+picture =- July 18, 2020
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/0m12societyandculture-121015110115-
phpapp01/95/society-and-culture-1-638.jpg?cb=1350299928
https://www.lifehack.org/804141/brain-exercises-for-memory- July 18,
2020
 https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/pontifical-and-royal-university-of-santo-tomas-the-
catholic-university-of-the-philippines- July 18, 2020

Book:

 Understanding Culture, Society and Politics authored by: MARIANO M.

ARIOLA, LL.B;Ed.D.

Answer Sheet/ Activity Sheet

Subject Teacher: Date:
Name of Student:
`

Grade
level: Section: Specialization:
Subject: UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Module Week: 2 Quarter: 1 semester
Contact Number:

_
Name& Signature of the Parent/Guardian
 `

Department of Education
Bureau of Learning Delivery Teaching and
Learning Division

Grade Levels: Grade 11/12

Specialized Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Semester: First (Week 3)

EXPLAIN
LEARNING THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL RELATIVISM
COMPETENCY:
IN ATTAINING CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING
Code: UCSP 11/12SPU-1c-5
UCSP 11/12SPU-1c-6
UCSP 11/12SPU-1c-7
 `
Im portance of Cultural relativism in Attaining Cultural Understanding

Hello! Have a good

day!
If you are done with activity, please attach your answer for the
activity together with your activity or answer sheet when you
I’m teacher Andro and I will be your teacher for your subject Understanding Culture, Society
submit the module for checking.
and Politics. Good Day Sir!
And I guess you already finished the activity.
We are now on the 3rd week of Quarter 1 of this module in your subject It means we will talk
UCSP. I hope you are all
What youinhave
goodobserved
health condition.
from that activity? That is somehow about our own

related to our topic on this module.

Our Objectives for this module are:

At the end of this module, the students should be able to:

Yes Sir!
1. UnderstandExactly!
the So are youofready?
difference every individual.
2. Compared and contrast the Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism.
3. Value cultural relativism and ethnocentrism.

Before we will start our lesson let’s have first an activity.

Are you ready?

Direction: Analyze this picture. Can you see the difference between the two pictures? Write
down your at least 5 observations. Write your answer in your notebook.
`
Environment and history are two of the primary factors that
shape the behavior of human groups. This behavior, which
serves as adaptive tool for the varied stimuli projected by the
environment, is influenced by beliefs, practices and material
possessions.
Through constant practice, theses sets of behavior form human
traditions, which are passed from one generation to the other.

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

Nationality and Ethnicity

 Nationality is the identity that is tied to being part of a nation or country –

a ‘’group of people who share the same history, traditions and language’’
and who inhabits in a particular territory delineated by a political border
and controlled by the government.
 Ethnic Groups within the nation these are the smaller cultural groups
that share specific environments, traditions and histories that are not
necessarily subscribed by the mainstream culture.
SOCIAL DIFFERENCES

 GENDER refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities and

attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
 SEX biological characteristics of human such as male or female.
TYPES OF GENDER

 HETEROSEXUAL a person with this gender is inclined to be sexually attracted

to a person of the opposite sex
 HOMOSEXUAL person that is sexually attracted to the same sex.
 GAY- romantically and sexually attracted to male.
 LESBIAN - romantically and sexually attracted to female
 BISEXUAL individuals who are attracted to the opposite sex.
 ASEXUAL totally incapable of being attracted to any sex
 POLYSEXUAL attracted to multiple types of gender identity.
 PANSEXUAL accommodates all types of gender. There are people whose
gender identities do not match on their biological identity as male or female.
These people classify themselves as transgender. Their sexual orientation is
not related to their genetalia, which allow them to identify with other type of
gender. Under this category are people who allow themselves as
transsexual. These individuals believe that the discord between their internal
gender and the gender role that they have to perform can be addressed
through medical sexual reassignment.
`

SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS

 GLOBAL SOUTH also known as developing countries that perceive poverty.

 GLOBAL NORTH also known as developed countries and industrialized
nations.
The typical determinants of one’s social status include income, value of assets and
savings, cultural interest and hobbies and economic status of his or her peers
and relatives.

POLITICAL IDENTITY

 POLITICAL IDENTITY refers to the set of attitudes and practices that

an individual adheres to in relation to the political systems and actors within
his or her society.

 RELIGION the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power

especially a personal God or Gods.
 MONOTHEISTIC believing in the existence of one God.
 POLYTHEISTIC believing in the existence of multiple Gods
CULTURAL VARIATION The variation in human conditions promotes diversity and
plurality in cultural traditions. This could lead to discrimination and ostracism.

 ETHNOCENTRISM is perspective that promotes an individual’s culture as the

most efficient and superior hence the individual who exhibit
ethnocentrism feels that his or her culture is the most appropriate as
compared to other cultures.
 CULTURAL RELATIVISM promotes the perspective that cultures must be
understood in the context of their locality. Using this perspective makes you
tolerant of the differing attitudes and practices of others.
I hope you have now the idea about our differences as individual.

Literally we can conclude that “No two Individuals have the same
culture”

Thank you Sir!

How about the difference of Cultural
Cultural Relativism Relativism and Ethnocentrism?
 This Concept was first formulated by William Graham Summer in his book “folkways”
 He said there are no universal moral standards of right and wrong and good and bad for luati
eva cultural phenomena. ng
 This means that what is right in one place maybe wrong in another place or vice versa.
 Standards are relative to the culture in which they appear.
 Customs can only be judged by how ell or how poorly they fit in with the standards of
certa society.
For example; having several wives (polygyny) functions of society where women are needed to work in
the fields.
On the other hand,

Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture
`
 Ethnocentric individuals judge other groups or relative to their own ethnic group or culture,
especially with the concern for language, behavior, customs and these ethnic distinctions
and subdivions serve to define each ethnicity’s unique cultural identity.
 Ethnocentrism may be overt or subtle, while it is considered a natural proclivity of human
psychology, it has develop a generally negative connotation.
 Ethnocentrism is a major reason for divisions amongst members of different ethnicities,
races, and religious groups in society.
 Ethnocentrism a belief of superiority in one’s personal ethnic group, but it can also develop
from racial or religious differences.
Ethnocentric individuals believe that they are better than other individuals

While many people may recognize the problems, Thank

they you
maySir!
not realize
that ethnocentrism occurs everywhere and everyday at both the local
In Short, Cultural relativism is a positive thought while
and political levels.

You are Correct! Keep it up!

Thank you Sir!
1. Cultural relativism is the positive attitude or concept while ethnocentrism
is the negative side. How important is cultural
relativism and ethnocentrism
2. Cultural relativism is showing a sense of understanding for different
in the study of culture?
cultures and treating the uniqueness of these cultures with utmost
respect.

The goal of this is promote understanding of cultural practices that are not
typically part of one's own culture. Using the perspective of cultural
relativism leads to the view that no one culture is superior than
another culture when compared to systems of morality, law, politics, etc
In your own way, explain how Cultural Relativism mitigates Ethnocentrism?
 `

I have learned that _ .

I have realized that .

I will apply _.

Essay

Write an essay consisting of 250-500 words of this topic below. Use extra sheet
Online:
References 
of paper.
http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/culture-
I Understandmiscellaneous/difference-between-cultural-relativism-and-ethnocentrism/-
and Appreciate the Culture of My Community July
19, 2020
 https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/pontifical-and-royal-university-of-santo-
tomas-the-catholic-university-of-the-philippines/the-contemporary-world/lecture-
notes/final-ucsp-module-very-good/5432381/view- July 19, 2020
 ://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/culture-miscellaneous/difference-
between-cultural-relativism-and-ethnocentrism/- July 19, 2020

BOOK:

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics authored by: MARIANO M. ARIOLA,

LL.B.;Ed.D.

Copyright2016 pages 91-93

`

Answer Sheet/ Activity Sheet

Subject Teacher:___________________________________________Date:
Name of Student____________________________________________________________
Grade level: _Section: _Specialization_________
Subject: UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Module Week: 3 Quarter: 1 _ semester
Contact Number:

_
Printed Name& Signature of the Parent/Guardian
 `

Department of Education
Bureau of Learning Delivery Teaching
and Learning Division

Grade Levels: Grade 11/12

Specialized Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Semester: First ( Week 4)

ANALYZE
LEARNING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CULTURAL,
COMPETENCY:
SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYMBOLS
AND PARCTICES
UCSP 11/12SPU-1d-9
UCSP 11/12SPU-1d-10
UCSP 11/12SPU-1d-11
`
HUMAN BIOCULTURAL AND SOCIAL EVOLUTION

Good Day!

I’m teacher Andro and I will be your teacher for your subject Understanding
Culture, Society and Politics.

We are now on the 4th week of Quarter 1 in your subject UCSP.

I hope you are doing good and studying well in preparation for your upcoming first quarter exam.

Keep safe and remember always that we are still under in a pandemic situation. Do
observe preventive measures so that we can prevent the spread of corona virus.
#stayathome and God bless you all! Objectives:
at the end of this module, the students should be able to:
Identify the formsof tangible andintangibleheritage
Trace the biological and cultural evolution of early human to modern humans
Explore the significance of human material remains as pieces of artifactual
evidence interpreting, social, political and economic processes

SCRAMBLED WORD ANSWER CLUES

LGEUAGAN Set of spoken symbols for

combining those symbols in
meaningful ways.

ELBIXEFL Willing to change or to try

different things.

TIONARUTENCUL Individual learns the

traditional content of a
culture.

TEGINRATED Having different parts

working together as a unit.

DAPEVITA Having capacity for a

tendency toward
adaptation.

Direction: Guess the scramble word by basing on the given clues. And try to dicuss with your
own undertanding. Write your answer on an extra sheet of paper and attact your answer for
this activity when submit this module. Copy and answer
`

In your viewpoint, do you agree that we came from the species of

apes? Write your answer on your notebook.

Yes
Sir!
Do you have any idea of what is our
Cultural heritage is the legacy of
cultural heritage?
physical artifacts and intangible
attributes of a group or society that are
Very well said! inherited from the past generation,
maintained in the present and bestowed
Can you define and give examples for the benefit of future generations.
of physical or tangible heritage and
intangible heritage?

Physical artifacts or Tangible Heritage or Material Culture which is visible

which includes the material objects such as artifacts, buildings, landscapes, tools,
furniture, bridges, and any physical substance used by includes people, which are
worthy of preservation for the future.

Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) is promoted by UNESCO as a counterpart to the

World Heritage focusing mainly on tangible aspects culture.

Non-material or Intangible

*It consists of abstractions that includes knowledge, beliefs, values, rules for
behavior, traditional skills and technologies, religious ceremonies, performing
arts and storytelling

Very Good!
In
addition….

UNESCO UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND CULTURAL

ORGANIZATION)- these forms are considered as “cultural (heritage”.
*Cultural heritage does not end at sites, landmarks, monuments, and collection of objects but
also with traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors passed to the next
generations.
`

DESCRIPTIONS OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE:

1. It can be traditional, contemporary, and living at the same time.

*Intangible cultural heritage represents not only the represent the traditions from the
past but also contemporary rural and urban practices in which diverse cultural
groups continue to take part.

2. It is inclusive.

*People may share expressions of intangible cultural heritage that are similar to
those practiced by others.

*Whether they are from the neighboring village, from a city on the opposite side of
the world, or have been adapted by peoples who have migrated and settled in a
different region, they are all intangible cultural heritage.

*These forms have been passed from one generation to another, have evolved in
response to their environments and they contribute in giving a sense of identity and
continuity, providing a link from mankind’s past, through the present and into the future.

3. It is representative.
*It is not merely valued as a cultural good, on a comparative basis, for its exclusivity or
its exceptional value.

*It thrives on its basis in communities and depends of those whose knowledge of
traditions, skills and customs are passed on to the rest of the community, from
generation to generation, or to other communities.

4. It is community-based.

*Intangible forms of culture become heritage only when it is recognized as such by the
communities, groups or individuals that create, maintain and transmit it.

• Changes in these forms are brought about by globalization,

technological revolution, and even cultural homogenization.
•Threats- lack of support, appreciation, and understanding
• Preserving this heritage and passing it on the future generations
strengthens and keeps it alive while simultaneously allowing for it to evolve
and adapt. In order to safeguard intangible cultural heritage, it must remain
relevant to a culture and be regularly practiced and learned within
communities and between generations.

Your welcome!
Wow Than you
so much Sir! And now, let us proceed to our new topic and it’s about
biological and cultural evolution of early human to
modern humans.
 Evolution means the changes that occur in
a population over time
 Evolution is a process that result in changes
that are passed on or inherited from
 `

CULTURAL BEGINNINGS

Culture is defined as ‘’that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, law,
norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge and everything that a persons learns and shares as a member of society.
It is a by-product of the attempt of humans to survive their environment and to compensate for their
biological characteristics and limitations.

BIOLOGICAL CAPACITY FOR CULTURE

 THINKING CAPACITY – the primary component of humans that allowed for culture is the
developed brain. It has the necessary parts for facilitating pertinent skills such as speaking,
touching, feeling, seeing and smelling.
 SPEAKING CAPACITY – As the brain is the primary source of humans capacity to
comprehend sound and provides meaning to it, the vocal tract acts as the mechanism by which
sounds are produced and reproduced to transmit ideas and values.
 GRIPPING CAPACITY – Notice how your thumb relates with your fingers. This capacity to
directly oppose your thumb with your other fingers is an exclusive trait of humans.It allowed us
to have a finer grip. Types of Grip Power Grip enabled humans to wrap the thumb and fingers on
an object. Precision Grip enabled humans to hold and pick objects steadily using their fingers
 WALKING CAPACITY/STANDING CAPACITY – primates have two forms of locomotions.
Bipedalism the capacity to walk and stand on two feet. Quadropedalism uses all four limbs. Apes
are semi bipedal; Humans are the only fully bipedal primates.

Paralleling the biological evolution of early humans was the development of cultural technologies that allow
them to become increasingly successful at acquiring foodthe
Fossils are and surviving
remains predators. The
or impressions evidence for this
of living
evolution in culture canthings
be seen especially
hardened in three
in rock. innovations:
All living organisms have
not been preserved in the fossil record; in fact,
1. The creation and use of tools
most have not because very specific conditions
2. New subsistence pattern
must exist in order to create fossils. Even so, the
3. The occupation
Sir!of newWhat
environmental zones
fossil record provides a fairly good outline of
does it mean human evolutionary history.
of the word
Fossil? The fossils of early humans were found in
Africa
 `

The First known fossils were found in South Africa and called
Australopithecine means “Southern Ape”

iaeaaTHTorHIiptnHAIpTIuMctTht
dTItbstehsennhoncxaersufrehscouocv
edodacaeapaivmtmteihnrmrlocergut
uodsretdeiaopnbetoaslAOMgdsinle
reociuclsoeoinitjonrnaecvetqnrlca
eotrntplosihelylgudyiatoehouhnce
osret,eoseruacs,louoliltdagednene
dtwdnoefbiesiCawsoul,uaymctairt
 `
Homo
Sapiens

Scientist have dated the oldest known fossils with skeletal

features typical of modern humans from 195,000 years
ago.
Thank you Sir!

How about Artifacts?

Points to remember:

 the name Homo habilis, meaning 'handy man' because they made tools.
THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
 Homo erectus or 'upright man' was the first creature to stand fully upright. He
was probably also the first to use fire
This periodsapiens,
 Homo is characterized
“man theby wise,”
a majorisshift
the in economic
only subsistence
currently of the of
existing species early
the humans from
genus Homo
foraging to agriculture. This dramatic shift affected the other aspects of their lifestyle as foraging
made them nomads and agriculture encouraged permanent settlement. This shift in itself changed the
entire array of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs and corresponding material inventions.
`

Evolution of Society

Here is a brief discussion on how human socio- and political evolution came about.

1. Paleolithic Stage. This is also called the Old Stone Age because men used
unpolished and crude stones as their tool implements.
 The Term Paleolithic came from two Greek word “ Palacious” which means
Old and “lithos” means stone.

The men living in this period are the Java men, Neanderthal men and Crop
Magnon men.

Characteristics of this Stage:

a. They made and used toll implements, especially crude stones

b. They gathered and collected foods through hunting and fishing.
c. The foods that they usually eat are wild fruits, nuts and berries.
d. The Paleolithic men hunted, fished and protected their families and tribe
while the early Paleolithic women gathered wild plants, fruits, nuts and
prepared food for eating as well as took care of their children.
e. Both men and women constructed their dwelling, made ornaments and
tool and trained their children for adult social and political life.
f. The late Paleolithic people were lovers of art and painting and their
paintings of reindeers and horses are found in caves in France and Spain
which date back from 28 000 to 10,000 BC.

2. Mesolithic Stage. This is known as the Period of Transitional Culture. Because of

the glaciers that occurred, some of the animals became extinct and they
adjusted to the new environment. People live along the coast fishing and
gathering shellfish white others. Live in Land where they made bow and arrow
for hunting, devise skis and sled and dug-out canon and domesticated
dogs.
`

3. Neolithic Stage. This is called the Polished Stone Age. The word Neolithic
is derived from two Greek words namely “neos” which means “new” and
“lithos” or stone.

Characteristics:
a. Instead of food gathering, such as hunting and fishing. They also
produced their own food.
b. The people also engaged in herding, pottery and weaving
c. The people polished their own tools and weapons.
d. The people domesticated animals.
e. The people learned to built dug-outs- the world first boat.

4. Metallic Stage. This stage is characterized by the presence of metals; the

copper used as tool implement, Bronze was used for people’s tolls and
weapons.

Types of Society

There are three types of

Society:

1. According to Economic and Materials System;

2. According to Evolutionary View; and
3. According to peoples subsistence.

We shall only discuss in this section, the type of society according to people’s
subsistence as this has something to do more on socio- cultural evolution. In this
type, there are six (6) Sages, namely:

1. Food Gathering Societies

This is the earliest form of socio- cultural society. The people subsisted
from day to day through hunting larger animals, collecting shellfish and
vegetable gathering. Their tools were made of stones, woods, and bones.

2. Horticultural Societies
As means of production, the people planted seeds for subsistence
3. Pastoral Societies
Most of the people were nomadic who follow their herds in quest of
animals for food and clothing to satisfy their needs. They raised animals to
provide milk, furs and blood for protein. These societies typically are relative
`

small, wondering communities organized along male- centered kinship

groups.
4. Agricultural Societies
In the early agriculture societies, people used plow the hoe in food
production.

5. Industrial Societies
These societies began in the 18th century during the Industrial
Revolution and gain momentum by the turn of the 19 th century. This period is
characterize by the use of machines as means of food products.

6. Post- Industrial Societies

Information and communication technology is the hallmark of these
modern societies. Post Industrial society is characterized by the spread of
computer technology. Advances in this technology are made of highly-
trained computer specialists who work to increase the capabilities of
computers and internet. The use of modern technology gave rise to
several technological problems such as pollution, lung-illness, asthma, skin
problems and others.

Answer this on your notebook.

a. Why were people in the pastoral societies called “nomadic”

b. During the old times, why do people compete over spac, food and other
things? Support your answer.
c. Do you believe that men descended from monkeys? Give your proof

I have learned that _ .

I have realized that .

I will apply _.
 `

A. Illustrate the different types of Society based on their subsistence. And

have a brief discussion to each society.

References

Online:

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/pontifical-and-royal-university-of-santo-tomas-the-
catholic-university-of-the-philippines - July 20, 2020

http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Homo_habilis_erectus_neanderthal.htm- July
20, 2020

https://www.google.com/search?q=australopithecine&source- July 20, 2020

https://www.google.com/search?q=cultural+heritage+philippines- July 20, 2020

BOOK:

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics authored by: MARIANO M. ARIOLA, LL.B.;Ed.D.

Copyright2016 pages 125-216

`

Answer Sheet/ Activity Sheet

Subject Teacher:___________________________________________Date:
Name of Student____________________________________________________________
Grade level: _Section: _Specialization_________
Subject: UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Module Week: 4 Quarter: 1 semester
Contact Number:

_ _
Printed Name & Signature of the Parent/Guardian
 `

Department of Education
Bureau of Learning Delivery Teaching and
Learning Division

Grade Levels: Grade 11/12

Specialized Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Semester: First (Week 5)

EXPLAIN
LEARNING THE CONTEXT, CONTENT, PROCESSESS, AND
COMPETENCY:
CONSEQUENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION
UCSP 11/12SPU-1e-12
UCSP 11/12SPU-1e-13
UCSP11/12SPU-1e-14
`
BECOMING MEMBER OF
SOCIETY
Hi once again good
Hi Sir!
day!
Good Day!
Thank you Sir and I’m always willing
I’m teacher Andro, and this will be your 5th Week of the First
to learn more things.
Quarter of your subject Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics
Well, it’s good to hear that health
from you,
andkeep it up!
I hope you are in Good always be happy.
Proponents of social learning theory argue that the set of behaviors of
Always remember that God will never leave us.
an individual is acquired through enculturation and socialization
process. The variation in human behavior is attributed to the
differences in cultural templates of every society that the
individual learns from.

Today, the social learning perspective is more accepted by sociologists

and anthropologists in explaining the development of behavior and
attitude among humans.

Our Objectives are:

At the end of this module, the students should be able to:

1. Identify the context, content, processes, and consequences of

enculturation and socialization
2. Demonstrate the product of socialization and enculturation.
3. Promote protection of human dignity, rights and the common
good.

Let’s have a pre-test.

`

Direction: Complete the statement to give meaning and sense of such by underlining the
word enclosed inside the parenthesis.

1. Status refers particularly to a position in (political, cultural;, social) structure.

2. According to (Macionis, Tylor, Summers), status is the most important component
of social interaction.
3. An ascribe stratus is acquired at (birth, marriage, schooling).
4. Achieved status is open to any individual through effort, talent, income, or
(education, marriage, Facebook).
5. Status may be higher or lower depending upon the person’s (position, power,
authority).
6. Every (position, norm, value) carriers with it socially prescribe roles.
7. People learn how to play their roles by observing and (looking, sitting,
interacting) with other people.
8. A ( Status, position, norm) exist not by itself but in relation to other roles
9. Group members must conform to make (plants, proposals, decisions).
10. Deviance may change (overtime, all the time, and always).

Please refer my discussion to the important

terminologies to be given to you. Read and understand.

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
1. Nature- biological inheritance
2. Nurture- cultural inheritance
3. Socialization- refer to the process by which an individual is oriented and taught
by his or her society’s norms.
4. Identity Formation – the compilation of the values, attitudes, and beliefs
that individuals receive from their family, peers, and community enables them to
create a personal identity.
5. Primary Identity- consist of the roles and statutes that an individual learns as
a child.

Theories on Identity

Norms and values- it refers to all those ideas held in society that are
considered good, acceptable, and right.

Four categories of Norms

1. Folkways- the socially approved behaviors that have no moral underpinning.

`

2. Mores- the norms related to moral conventions.

3. Taboos- behaviors that are absolutely forbidden in specific culture.

4. Laws- consist of the rules and regulation that are implemented by the state.

Status and Role

Status- is an individual’s position in his or her society, which carries with it a set of
defined rights and obligations.

Roles- sets of expectation from people who occupy a particular status.

Conformity and Deviance

Conformity- is the act of following the roles and goals of one’s society.

Deviance- the act of violating the prescribed social norms.

Several Theories that explain the existence of deviants(human/groups) and

deviance(acts)

Social Control Theory- deviance is primarily caused by alack in stronger social

bonds within a society.

Rational Choice Theory- the individual’s decision to follow or to go against

social norms is dependent on their perceived cost and benefit of such action.

Differential Association Theory- conformity or deviance is learned by an individual

from those he or she associates with.

Labeling Theory- actions are initially not considered deviant until they are
labelled as such by members of the community.

Conflict Theory- society consists of opposing groups of people whose access to

power is unequal.

Structural-functionalist Theory- this theory proposes two perspectives in the

formation of deviant behavior. the macro level- deviance is a product of the
breakdown of social norms. On the macro level- deviance is a product of the role
strain that an individual experience due to lack of resources to cope with the
demands of the social norms.

Thank you Sir!

How about the Socialization and Enculturation? Are they the same?
 Socialization (in psychology/sociology) is the process of learning to live
`
in a w a y acceptable to one’s own society, said especially young
people while
Enculturation is the process by which individual adapts the behavior
patterns of the culture in which he or she is immersed.

Socialization skills start to be learned in Kindergarten or even in nursery grades.

What does Socialization and

enculturation mean?

Socialization simply means a continuing process whereby an individual

acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and
Points to Remember: skills appropriate to his or her social position.
Sir! Thank you.
Socialization is important
Enculturation isin the process of personality
process whereby formation.
individuals While
learn their muchculture,
group’s of human
personality throughCan you
is the result discuss further
of our genes, the word Norms
the socialization and Social Norms?
process mold it in particular
experience, observation, and instruction.
directions by encouraging specific beliefs and attitudes as well as selectively providing
experiences.
Sure, that’s not a problem.
Successful Socialization can result in uniformity within the society. If all children receive the
same beliefs and Norms
expectations. This fact
are cultural has been
products strong values,
(including motivation for national
customs, and
governments around the world
traditions) to represent
which standardize education
individual’s andknowledge
basic make it compulsory
of for all
children. what others do and think they should do.

Social norms or mores are the rules of behavior that are considered
acceptable in a group or society. People who do not follow
these norms may be shunned or suffer some kind of
consequences.

Norms changed according to the environment or situation

and may change or be modified over time.
 ` Sir! Thank you.

Another question Sir?

Is there consequence of ignoring Social Norms?

Social norms are shared expectations about what kind of behaviors are not
acceptable. These are not actual rules because you cannot get in actual
legal trouble for breaking them. Breaking social norms does not have any
legal consequences, but it can have a major impact on a person’s social
life because it can take people very uncomfortable being around them and
can mark them as “weird” and different.

Wow! Thank you so much Sir!

How about the so called Human Dignity. How can I

promote human Dignity?

Dignity also has descriptive meanings pertaining to human worth. All in all, it’s
our fundamental right that consist to leave or take decisions to others freely and
respect the integrity and ways of seeing life, whatever our personal view.. .

In the Philippines, the Constitution sets forth the basic rights of ours as a Filipino.
These rights are embodied in Article III (Bill of Rights) and Article XIII( Social
Justice and Human Rights). Both sets of basic rights are referred to as
constitution of liberty. Rights are designed to protect the individual against
violation by the government, or by an individual or groups of individual. These
rights are enshrined in the Constitution to the individual in a democratic state on
the belief that the individual has intrinsic dignity which must be respected and
safeguarded.

Under a democratic country, there are Three Human Rights:

1. Natural Rights- These are rights possessed by man( not granted by

the State) but conferred to him by God and nature so that he
may live
happily. Examples are the right to happiness, right to live and the right to
love.
2. Statutory Rights- These are rights granted to individuals by laws which
are promulgated by the la-making body and consequently may be
abolished
by the same body. Examples are the right to receive a minimum wage,
right to receive a 13th month pay, right to service-incentive pay, right
to inherent property by virtue of testate and intestate succession.
3. Constitutional Rights- These are rights of citizens to participate directly or
indirectly in the establishment or administration of the government.
` Examples of Constitutional rights are:

Rights of Citizenship (Article IV), Right To suffrage, right to information on matters of publi
Civil Rights. These are rights of the citizens securing to them to the enjoyment of their mean
Social and Economic Rights. These are rights intended to secure well-being and economic s
Rights of the accused. These are rights intended to protect the person
accused of any crime. Section 11-22 of Article III deal on the rights of the rights of the accu

Human rights also guarantee people the means necessary to satisfy their basic
needs, such as food, housing, and education, so they can take full advantage of
all opportunities. Finally, by guaranteeing life, liberty, equality, and security,
human rights protect people against abuse by those who are more powerful. By
this, we can promote our dignity.

How would you show your value for human

dignity

Very Good!

What you have learned in this module is very useful in your

daily lives.

The importance of respecting a person's

Are you ready fordignity is also tied to respecting their
the activity?
bodily integrity. ONE of the things that we try to impart to our children is the value of
human dignity , where we try and teach them to respect others, never to shame
others in public and to always conduct ourselves with decorum
 `

A. What would happen if there was no socialization process to take place in

the life of an individual? Discuss your answer.

I have learned that _ .

I have realized that .

I will apply _.

In Your own point of view and understanding, explain the meaning of the following
terms or phrases.

a. Enculturation
b. Socialization
c. Human Rights

REFERENCES ONLINE:

 https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=hPEYX-
TNOePEmAXZnIqwBQ&q=as+a+filipino+how+will+you+promote+hum
a n+dignity
 www.google.com

BOOK:

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics authored by: MARIANO M. ARIOLA,

LL.B.;Ed.D.

Copyright2016 pages 217-290

`

Answer Sheet/ Activity Sheet

Subject Teacher:___________________________________________Date:
Name of Student____________________________________________________________
Grade level: _Section: _Specialization_________
Subject: UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Module Week: 5 Quarter: 1________________semester
Contact Number:

_
Printed Name& Signature of the
Parent/Guardian
 `

Department of Education
Bureau of Learning Delivery Teaching and
Learning Division

Grade Levels: Grade 11/12

Specialized Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Semester: First (Week 6)

ANALYZE
LEARNING THE FORMS AND FUCTIONS OF SOCIAL
COMPETENCY:
ORGANIZATIONS
UCSP 11/12SPU-1f-15
UCSP 11/12SPU-1f-16
UCSP11/12SPU-1f-17
` HOW SOCIETY IS
ORGANIZED

Good Day!
Hi Sir!
Good of
We are now on 6th Week Day!
the First Quarter of your Subject
Thank you Sir and I’m
Understanding Culture, Society and excited
Politics.to
learn more.
This would be the last topic covered for you First Quarter
Examination.

Good luck and God bless you all!

Direction: ReadSocial
eachgroup consists of
item carefully individuals
and use yourwho are united
notebook by their
to write your answers.
Write the wordsimilar
AGREEcharacteristics
if the statementandisthese characteristics
correct; DISAGREE ifserve as the is
the statement
bases of their
wrong, or UNCERTAIN, constant
if you interaction.
are not However,
certain of the answer.not all individuals
who share similar characteristics interact with one another.
1. Human society is characterized by social relations.
Objectives
2. A collaborative society makes its members benefits in many ways.
At
3.the end ofisthis
A society notmodule, the students
necessarily illustratedshould
as an be able to: social,
economic,
industrial or cultural infrastructure.
1. Identify one’s role in social groups and institutions
4. Society is a varied collection of individuals
2. Analyze aspects of social organization
5. Human Society is unique.
3. Appreciate the importance of organized society.
6. Ones its history, anthropology has developed a number of related
concepts and terms in the study of kinship.
7. Kinship does not consider people related by both descents.
8. Family relations can be represented concretely or abstractly.
`

9. Degrees of relationship are not identical or heirship.

10. A relationship may be relative like a father in relation to a child.

Direction: Discus briefly. Write your answer on your notebook.

1. Not all groups that exist have purpose or goals.

What is Human Society? It includes large social

groupings, social interactions
and social organization…

Very Good!

A Human Society is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction,

Points to remember:
or a large social grouping having the same geographical or social territory,
typically
HOW SOCIETYsubject to the same political authority and dominant cultural
IS ORGANIZED?
expectations.
*”No man is an island, no man stands alone”- John Donne
*Throughout life, most of the daily activities of humans are performed in the
Human Societies
company of others.are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations)
*The need individuals
between who share
of human contact is aa deep
distinct culture and institutions.
psychological need.

A given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among
its constituent members.
`

Group- any unit of people who interact with some regularity, and who identify
themselves as one unit.
-collection of people interacting together in an orderly way on the basis of
shared expectations about another’s behavior.
-as a result of interaction, members develop a sense of “belongingness”.
-a group can be categorized based on number, common interest, purpose
and level of interactions.

ACCORDING TO INFLUENCE
*Primary groups- those which are small but intimate, direct access and interaction
with each other, emotional bond.
Examples: Close friends and family

* Secondary groups- formed to perform a specific purpose, members interact for the
accomplishment of purpose, usually formal and impersonal
-possible to form primary groups
Examples: Becoming friends with one’s seatmate in a Math class

ACCORDING TO MEMBERSHIP

*In-groups- those groups in which one belongs and those which elicit a sense of
loyalty from the individual.
Example: Being part of the women’s basketball team allows one bond with
teammates and join pep rallies to support the team.

* Out-groups- those groups in which one does not belong and those which elicit
sense of antagonism from the individual.

Example: Being part of the women’s basketball team gives one a sense of
antagonism toward te men’s basketball team as the latter gets more funding
despite a bad performance during the last season.

ACCORDING TO REFERENCE GROUPS

* Reference groups- are those that provide an individual with a set of standards to
check against and to know if one is doing well or where he or she needs
improvement.
Example: A neophyte scientist considers his superiors as reference groups.

ACCORDING TO NETWORKS
*The entirety of social connections an individual takes part in for whatever purpose
and through whatever means.
Example: the politician’s link with civil society organizations and NGOs is a good
example of network

Let us discuss Role in Social Groups and

Social institutions
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Social Roles

Members must have roles in a group. Individual or personal roles are

different from social roles. When an individual belongs to a group, that
individual has to perform his social role- not personal role. He must perform
his assigned role according to group’s norms.

Performance Roles depends on the cohesiveness of the members.

Cohesiveness of members in a group is measured in four(4) ways:

1. Number of Friends- The degree of cooperation and participation

of the group on various activities depend on the number of
relatives and friends in the group. The more relatives and friends
in a group, the greater is the cohesiveness.
2. Morale of the members- When members have high morale in
the group they have confidence with one another and the greater
would be the cohesiveness of the members in the group.
3. Sense of Belongingness- loyalty to the group emerges when there is a
sense of belongingness among the individuals in a group. The
members even go to the extent of protecting and defending the
existent of the group.
4. Commitment of the Members- when the members are committed
to group’s goals, norms, and activities, the members are able to
work cooperatively as a team. Thus the greater commitment to the
group, the greater is the cohesiveness among the members.

Institutions

Institutions provide a framework of continuity and predictability that allows

people to more accurately plan their activities. In particular, Institutions help
us interact with each other by imposing a sense of stability and order
onto the initially chaotic jumble life.

Social Network

This is an element of social interaction in which a web of relationships

exist among people, directly or indirectly. For example, a student may
have a several networks such as his classmates, peer groups or
barkada, with his teachers, members of the faculty, the library personnel,
the sales personnel in the book store where he buys his books, in the
gym with athletes, in the church where he performs his religious duties,
and others. However the first social network is the family and other
relatives.
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Social Networks have significant functions.

1. They help individuals develop opinions, choices and point of views

2. They serve as primary source of information on any activity and concerns of the
individual.
3. They may influence the personality of the people.
4. They provide opportunities and control to one’s behavior. In some instances,
they serve as opportunities for growth and success.
5. They provide individuals with an important source of companionship.
6. They provide an important opportunity for economic transactions such as sharing of
tangible and intangible resources, gift giving etc.
7. They also provide rules for distributing society’s resources. Whenever resource
control is allocated equally, the distribution rule becomes the basis of social
stratification. The very common distribution principle is the rule of reciprocity,
which means that the giving of gifts obligates the recipient to return something of
similar value.

Direction: In your own view point and understanding, explain the meaning of the following
terms or phrases. Write your answer on your notebook.

1. Human Society
2. Social Roles
3. Social Network

I have learned that _ .

I have realized that .

I will apply _.
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ACTIVITY: I have learned ………

1. Differentiate an in-group from an out-group.

2. What do you think is the ideal leader for small group?

3. What do you think is the ideal leader for larger group?

4. How is conformity created in small and large group?

5. Does group is necessary for a human to live?

REFERENCES

ONLINE:
 https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/pontifical-and-royal-university-of-
santo-tomas-the-catholic-university-of-the-philippines -JULY 22, 2020
 Scribe.com. ph.- July 18, 2020

BOOK:

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics authored by: MARIANO M. ARIOLA, LL.B.;Ed.D.

Copyright2016 pages 291-308

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Answer Sheet/ Activity Sheet

Subject Teacher: Date:
Name of Student:
Grade
level: Section: Specialization:
Subject: UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Module Week: 6 Quarter: 1 semester
Contact Number:

_
Name& Signature of the Parent/Guardian