SEL-2730M: Managed Ethernet Switch

SEL-2730MManual
Instruction Ethernet Switch
SEL-2730M
Managed Ethernet Switch
Instruction Manual
20211227
*PM2730M-01*
© 2012–2021 by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
All brand or product names appearing in this document are the trademark or registered trademark of their respective holders. No SEL trademarks
may be used without written permission.
SEL products appearing in this document may be covered by U.S. and Foreign patents. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. reserves all
rights and benefits afforded under federal and international copyright and patent laws in its products, including without limitation software,
firmware, and documentation.
The information in this document is provided for informational use only and is subject to change without notice. Schweitzer Engineering
Laboratories, Inc. has approved only the English language document.
This product is covered by the standard SEL 10-year warranty. For warranty details, visit selinc.com or contact your customer service
representative. PM2730M-01
SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch Instruction Manual Date Code 20211227

Table of Contents
R.Instruction Manual
List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................................iii

List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................................... v
Preface.................................................................................................................................................................. vii
Section 1: Introduction and Specifications
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 1.1
Product Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 1.1
Product Features .............................................................................................................................................. 1.1
Connections, Reset Button, and LED Indicators............................................................................................. 1.3
Software System Requirements....................................................................................................................... 1.6
General Safety and Care Information.............................................................................................................. 1.7
Front- and Rear-Panel Diagrams ..................................................................................................................... 1.7
Dimension Drawing......................................................................................................................................... 1.8
Mounting Options............................................................................................................................................ 1.9
Warranty .......................................................................................................................................................... 1.9
Specifications ................................................................................................................................................ 1.10
Section 2: Installation
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 2.1
Connecting to the Device ................................................................................................................................ 2.1
Commissioning the Device.............................................................................................................................. 2.4
Navigating the User Interface.......................................................................................................................... 2.4
Installing a New Web Certificate..................................................................................................................... 2.6
Device Dashboard............................................................................................................................................ 2.7
Battery Change Instructions .......................................................................................................................... 2.12
Section 3: Managing Users

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 3.1
User-Based Accounts ...................................................................................................................................... 3.1
Centralized User Accounts .............................................................................................................................. 3.4
Section 4: Job Done Examples

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 4.1
Job Done Example 1........................................................................................................................................ 4.1
Job Done Example 2........................................................................................................................................ 4.6
Job Done Example 3........................................................................................................................................ 4.7
Section 5: Settings and Commands

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 5.1
Reports............................................................................................................................................................. 5.2
Switch Management ........................................................................................................................................ 5.4
Network Settings ........................................................................................................................................... 5.20
Accounts ........................................................................................................................................................ 5.29
Security.......................................................................................................................................................... 5.29
System ........................................................................................................................................................... 5.31
Section 6: Testing and Troubleshooting

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 6.1
Testing Philosophy .......................................................................................................................................... 6.1
LED Indicators ................................................................................................................................................ 6.2
Device Dashboard............................................................................................................................................ 6.3
Date Code 20211227 Instruction Manual SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch

ii Table of Contents
Troubleshooting............................................................................................................................................... 6.4
Technical Support ............................................................................................................................................ 6.5
Appendix A: Firmware and Manual Versions

Firmware......................................................................................................................................................... A.1
Instruction Manual.......................................................................................................................................... A.5
Appendix B: Firmware Upgrade Instructions

Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................B.1
Firmware Upgrade Procedure..........................................................................................................................B.2
Technical Support ............................................................................................................................................B.2
Appendix C: User-Based Accounts

Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................C.1
Benefits of User-Based Accounts....................................................................................................................C.1
Administration of User-Based Accounts.........................................................................................................C.2
Acceptable Use Banner ...................................................................................................................................C.2
Logging In With SEL User-Based Accounts...................................................................................................C.2
Passphrases ......................................................................................................................................................C.3
Appendix D: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

SEL-2730M LDAP Client Implementation.................................................................................................... D.1
Certificate Chain............................................................................................................................................. D.1
LDAP Settings Form ...................................................................................................................................... D.2
Appendix E: Syslog
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................E.1
Remote Syslog Servers....................................................................................................................................E.3
Open-Source Syslog Servers ...........................................................................................................................E.3
SEL-2730M Event Logs..................................................................................................................................E.3
Appendix F: Networking Fundamentals

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... F.1
OSI Model ....................................................................................................................................................... F.1
Appendix G: Virtual Local Area Networks

Appendix H: Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Appendix I: X.509
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................I.1
Public Key Cryptography .................................................................................................................................I.1
X.509 Certificates.............................................................................................................................................I.2
Digital Signatures .............................................................................................................................................I.3
Public Key Infrastructure..................................................................................................................................I.3
Web of Trust .....................................................................................................................................................I.4
Simple Public Key Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................I.4
Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) ......................................................................................................I.5
Sample X.509 Certificate .................................................................................................................................I.5
Appendix J: Accessing Port Information Through SNMP

List of Tables
Table 1.1 Ethernet Status Indicators....................................................................................................... 1.4
Table 1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Port Pinout .................................................................................................. 1.5

Table 1.3 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Port Pinout ......................................................................................... 1.5
Table 1.4 High-Voltage Power Supply Connections .............................................................................. 1.6
Table 1.5 Low-Voltage Power Supply Connections............................................................................... 1.6
Table 1.6 Alarm Contact Pinout............................................................................................................. 1.6
Table 1.7 Alarm Contact Ratings ........................................................................................................... 1.6
Table 2.1 Network Interface Icon Colors ............................................................................................... 2.9
Table 2.2 System Statistics..................................................................................................................... 2.9
Table 3.1 General RADIUS Settings ................................................................................................... 3.12
Table 3.2 General RADIUS Settings (XML/QuickSet Only).............................................................. 3.13
Table 3.3 Additional Settings for EAP Protocols................................................................................. 3.13
Table 3.4 Configured Servers Settings ................................................................................................. 3.14
Table 3.5 Additional Request Attributes .............................................................................................. 3.15
Table 4.1 VLANs for Job Done Example 1 ........................................................................................... 4.2
Table 4.2 VLAN 10 Configuration ........................................................................................................ 4.3
Table 4.5 VLAN 100 Configuration ...................................................................................................... 4.3
Table 5.1 VLAN Settings....................................................................................................................... 5.5
Table 5.2 RSTP Settings ...................................................................................................................... 5.12
Table 5.3 Port Settings ......................................................................................................................... 5.12
Table 5.4 STP Mode............................................................................................................................. 5.13
Table 5.5 Priority Settings.................................................................................................................... 5.17
Table 5.6 Default PCP-to-Priority Mapping ........................................................................................ 5.18
Table 5.7 Priority Sources .................................................................................................................... 5.18
Table 5.8 DSCP Mapped Priority to PCP ............................................................................................ 5.19
Table 5.9 Global IP Settings................................................................................................................. 5.20
Table 5.10 ETH F Network Interface Settings....................................................................................... 5.20
Table 5.11 Mgmt Network Interface Settings ........................................................................................ 5.21
Table 5.12 Edit Hosts Settings ............................................................................................................... 5.23
Table 5.13 SNMP v1/v2c Profile Settings ............................................................................................. 5.25
Table 5.14 SNMP v3 Profile Settings .................................................................................................... 5.25
Table 5.15 SNMP Trap Server Settings ................................................................................................. 5.26
Table 5.16 SNMP Trap Categories......................................................................................................... 5.27
Table 5.17 Severity Levels ..................................................................................................................... 5.27
Table 5.18 Syslog Threshold Values ...................................................................................................... 5.28
Table 5.19 Syslog Destination Settings.................................................................................................. 5.28
Table 5.20 MAC Security Fields............................................................................................................ 5.31
Table 5.21 Web Settings......................................................................................................................... 5.31
Table 5.22 System Contact Information Settings................................................................................... 5.32
Table 5.23 Features ................................................................................................................................ 5.32
Table 5.24 Alarm Contact Categories .................................................................................................... 5.34
Table 5.25 Alarm Contact Behaviors ..................................................................................................... 5.34

iv List of Tables
Table 5.26 Latch (Automatic Clear) Behavior ....................................................................................... 5.35

Table 5.27 Pulse Duration Settings ........................................................................................................ 5.35
Table 6.1 System Status Indicators ........................................................................................................ 6.3
Table 6.2 Communications Interface Indicators .................................................................................... 6.3
Table 6.3 Troubleshooting Procedure .................................................................................................... 6.4
Table A.1 Firmware Revision History ................................................................................................... A.1
Table A.2 Instruction Manual Revision History .................................................................................... A.5
Table E.1 Syslog Message Severities Reported by the SEL-2730M......................................................E.1
Table E.2 Syslog Message Facilities ......................................................................................................E.1
Table E.3 Event Logs..............................................................................................................................E.4
Table F.1 Sample IP Address ................................................................................................................. F.3
Table H.1 CIDR to Dotted-Decimal Mapping ....................................................................................... H.3
Table J.1 SEL-2730M Port Number to ifIndex Mapping .......................................................................J.1

List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Front-Panel View.................................................................................................................... 1.3
Figure 1.2 Close-Up of Front-Panel Status Indicators............................................................................. 1.3

Figure 1.3 Rear-Panel View ..................................................................................................................... 1.4
Figure 2.1 Commissioning Network........................................................................................................ 2.1
Figure 2.2 Open Network Connections With Run Command ................................................................. 2.2
Figure 2.3 Open Connection Properties................................................................................................... 2.2
Figure 2.4 Local Area Connection Properties ......................................................................................... 2.3
Figure 2.5 Configuring Automatic Network Configuration .................................................................... 2.3
Figure 2.6 Device Commissioning Page.................................................................................................. 2.4
Figure 2.7 Device Dashboard and Navigation Menu............................................................................... 2.5
Figure 2.8 Local Users............................................................................................................................. 2.5
Figure 2.9 Adding a New User ................................................................................................................ 2.6
Figure 2.10 Uploading a New X.509 Certificate ....................................................................................... 2.7
Figure 2.11 Successful Upload of a New X.509 Certificate...................................................................... 2.7
Figure 2.12 New Certificate Is Activated .................................................................................................. 2.7
Figure 2.13 Device Dashboard .................................................................................................................. 2.8
Figure 2.14 Network Interfaces ................................................................................................................. 2.8
Figure 2.15 Version Information................................................................................................................ 2.9
Figure 2.16 System Statistics..................................................................................................................... 2.9
Figure 2.17 Diagnostics ........................................................................................................................... 2.10
Figure 2.18 Open Terminal With Run Command.................................................................................... 2.10
Figure 2.19 Open Network Connections With Run Command ............................................................... 2.11
Figure 2.20 Open Connection Properties................................................................................................. 2.11
Figure 2.21 Local Area Connection Properties ....................................................................................... 2.11
Figure 2.22 Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties .................................................................................. 2.12
Figure 3.1 Add New User Form .............................................................................................................. 3.2
Figure 3.2 LDAP Login Process.............................................................................................................. 3.4
Figure 3.3 Host Settings .......................................................................................................................... 3.5
Figure 3.4 LDAP Configuration Summary.............................................................................................. 3.6
Figure 3.5 LDAP Communication Settings ............................................................................................. 3.7
Figure 3.6 Adding an LDAP Server ........................................................................................................ 3.9
Figure 3.7 Group Mappings Showing a Single Group ............................................................................ 3.9
Figure 3.8 Adding a New Role .............................................................................................................. 3.10
Figure 3.9 Selecting a Group From the Tree Display............................................................................ 3.10
Figure 3.10 RADIUS Webpage ............................................................................................................... 3.11
Figure 3.11 RADIUS Protocol Settings................................................................................................... 3.12
Figure 3.12 Download Dictionary ........................................................................................................... 3.15
Figure 3.13 RADIUS Login Process (One-Factor) ................................................................................. 3.16
Figure 3.14 RADIUS Login Process (Two-Factor) ................................................................................. 3.17
Figure 4.1 Network Diagram ................................................................................................................... 4.2
Figure 4.2 SEL-2730M–1 VLAN Configuration .................................................................................... 4.4
Figure 4.3 SEL-2730M–2 VLAN Configuration .................................................................................... 4.6
Figure 4.4 RSTP Network Topology ....................................................................................................... 4.6
Figure 4.5 RSTP Root Bridge Notification ............................................................................................. 4.7
Figure 4.6 SNMP Network Diagram ....................................................................................................... 4.7
Figure 4.7 Edit Hosts Configuration........................................................................................................ 4.8
Figure 4.8 SNMP v3 Profile .................................................................................................................... 4.8
Figure 4.9 Add Trap Server ..................................................................................................................... 4.9
Figure 5.1 Sample Syslog Report ............................................................................................................ 5.3
Figure 5.2 Sample MAC Address Table Report ...................................................................................... 5.4
Figure 5.3 VLAN View ........................................................................................................................... 5.5
Figure 5.4 Editing VLAN Settings .......................................................................................................... 5.6
Figure 5.5 Editing a VLAN Within a Range ........................................................................................... 5.6
Figure 5.6 Switch Trunk Link.................................................................................................................. 5.7

vi List of Figures
Figure 5.7 GOOSE Message.................................................................................................................... 5.7

Figure 5.8 Untagged Ports ....................................................................................................................... 5.8
Figure 5.9 Port View................................................................................................................................ 5.8
Figure 5.10 RSTP Disabled ....................................................................................................................... 5.9
Figure 5.11 RSTP Configuration Page .................................................................................................... 5.10
Figure 5.12 Root Bridge Notification ...................................................................................................... 5.11
Figure 5.13 Common RSTP Settings....................................................................................................... 5.12
Figure 5.14 Port RSTP Settings............................................................................................................... 5.12
Figure 5.15 Add New Filter..................................................................................................................... 5.14
Figure 5.16 Port Mirroring ...................................................................................................................... 5.15
Figure 5.17 Port Modes ........................................................................................................................... 5.15
Figure 5.18 Port Actions.......................................................................................................................... 5.15
Figure 5.19 Setting Rate Limiting on the Port Settings Page .................................................................. 5.16
Figure 5.20 Priority Settings Page (Default Settings).............................................................................. 5.17
Figure 5.21 Adding a DSCP Mapping Point ........................................................................................... 5.18
Figure 5.22 Priority Determination for a Frame...................................................................................... 5.19
Figure 5.23 IP Configuration ................................................................................................................... 5.20
Figure 5.24 SNMP Settings Page ............................................................................................................ 5.22
Figure 5.25 Edit Hosts ............................................................................................................................. 5.23
Figure 5.26 Add v1/v2c Profile ............................................................................................................... 5.24
Figure 5.27 Add v3 Profile ...................................................................................................................... 5.24
Figure 5.28 Add Trap Server ................................................................................................................... 5.26
Figure 5.29 Syslog Settings ..................................................................................................................... 5.28
Figure 5.30 Add Hosts Form ................................................................................................................... 5.28
Figure 5.31 Renaming Certificates .......................................................................................................... 5.29
Figure 5.32 MAC-Based Port Security.................................................................................................... 5.30
Figure 5.33 Date/Time Settings ............................................................................................................... 5.33
Figure 5.34 Alarm Contact Page (Default Settings) ................................................................................ 5.34
Figure 5.35 Export Settings Page ............................................................................................................ 5.37
Figure 5.36 Diagnostics Report Complete............................................................................................... 5.38
Figure 5.37 Import Settings Page ............................................................................................................ 5.38
Figure 6.1 Close-Up of Front-Panel Status Indicators............................................................................. 6.2
Figure B.1 File Management....................................................................................................................B.2
Figure D.1 LDAP Transaction................................................................................................................. D.1
Figure E.1 Central Syslog Server.............................................................................................................E.3
Figure F.1 OSI Model .............................................................................................................................. F.2
Figure F.2 Ethernet Segment ................................................................................................................... F.2
Figure F.3 Ethernet Frame ....................................................................................................................... F.3
Figure F.4 Layer 3 IP Network ................................................................................................................ F.4
Figure F.5 TCP Three-Way Handshake ................................................................................................... F.5
Figure G.1 Network Illustration Not Using VLANs ............................................................................... G.1
Figure G.2 Network Illustration Using VLANs ...................................................................................... G.2
Figure H.1 Classful Route Advertisements ............................................................................................. H.1
Figure H.2 CIDR Route Advertisements................................................................................................. H.2
Figure I.1 Asymmetric Keys ....................................................................................................................I.1
Figure I.2 Confidentiality With Asymmetric Keys ..................................................................................I.2
Figure I.3 Authentication With Asymmetric Keys ..................................................................................I.2
Figure I.4 Digital Signatures....................................................................................................................I.3
Figure I.5 Web of Trust ............................................................................................................................I.4

Preface
Manual Overview
This instruction manual describes the functionality and use of the SEL-2730M
Managed Ethernet Switch. It includes information necessary to install,
configure, test, and operate this device.
An overview of the manual’s layout and the topics that are addressed follows.
Preface. Describes the manual organization and conventions used to
present information.
Section 1: Introduction and Specifications. Introduces SEL-2730M
applications, connectivity, and use requirements. This section also lists
specifications.
Section 2: Installation. Provides dimension drawings on the SEL-2730M
and instructions for initializing the SEL-2730M.
Section 3: Managing Users. Explains how users are managed on the
SEL-2730M.
Section 4: Job Done Examples. Provides three Job Done examples. These
examples provide step-by-step configuration of the SEL-2730M for
application in various SCADA and engineering access environments.
Section 5: Settings and Commands. Lists and describes all the
SEL-2730M settings and commands.
Section 6: Testing and Troubleshooting. Provides guidelines for testing
and troubleshooting the SEL-2730M.
Appendix A: Firmware and Manual Versions. Lists firmware and manual
revisions.
Appendix B: Firmware Upgrade Instructions. Provides instructions to
update the firmware in the SEL-2730M.
Appendix C: User-Based Accounts. Introduces user-based accounts and
the benefits associated with using user-based accounts.
Appendix D: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. Describes
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and its use in SEL
products.
Appendix E: Syslog. Introduces the Syslog Protocol and its uses in SEL
products.
Appendix F: Networking Fundamentals. Provides an overview of
Windows Networking and network configuration.
Appendix G: Virtual Local Area Networks. Describes VLANs, their
purpose, and how they should be used in control system environments.
Appendix H: Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). Explains CIDR and
CIDR notation.
Appendix I: X.509. Explains the structure and use of X.509 certificates.
Appendix J: Accessing Port Information Through SNMP. Describes the
mapping between ifIndex and SEL-2730M port number.

viii Preface
Safety Information
CAUTION
To ensure proper safety and operation, the equipment ratings, installation instructions, and
operating instructions must be checked before commissioning or maintenance of the equipment.
The integrity of any protective conductor connection must be checked before carrying out any other
actions. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the equipment is installed, operated, and
used for its intended function in the manner specified in this manual. If misused, any safety
protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
Dangers, Warnings, This manual uses three kinds of hazard statements, defined as follows:
and Cautions
DANGER
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation
that, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation
that, if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation
that, if not avoided, may result in minor or
moderate injury or equipment damage.
Safety Symbols The following symbols are often marked on SEL products.
CAUTION ATTENTION
Refer to accompanying documents. Se reporter à la documentation.
Earth (ground) Terre
Protective earth (ground) Terre de protection
Direct current Courant continu
Alternating current Courant alternatif
Both direct and alternating current Courant continu et alternatif
Instruction manual Manuel d’instructions

Preface ix
Safety Marks The following statements apply to this device.
General Safety Marks
CAUTION ATTENTION
There is danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Une pile remplacée incorrectement pose des risques d’explosion.
Replace only with Panasonic BR-1632A/DBN or equivalent Remplacez seulement avec un Panasonic BR-1632A/DBN ou un produit
recommended by manufacturer. See Owner's Manual for safety équivalent recommandé par le fabricant. Voir le guide d’utilisateur
instructions. The battery used in this device may present a fire or pour les instructions de sécurité. La pile utilisée dans cet appareil peut
chemical burn hazard if mistreated. Do not recharge, disassemble, présenter un risque d’incendie ou de brûlure chimique si vous en faites
heat above 100°C or incinerate. Dispose of used batteries according to mauvais usage. Ne pas recharger, démonter, chauffer à plus de 100°C
the manufacturer’s instructions. Keep battery out of reach of children. ou incinérer. Éliminez les vieilles piles suivant les instructions du
fabricant. Gardez la pile hors de la portée des enfants.
Disconnect both power supplies before servicing. Débranchez les deux blocs d’alimentation avant l’entretien.
Other Safety Marks (Sheet 1 of 2)
DANGER DANGER
Disconnect or de-energize all external connections before opening this Débrancher tous les raccordements externes avant d’ouvrir cet
device. Contact with hazardous voltages and currents inside this appareil. Tout contact avec des tensions ou courants internes à
device can cause electrical shock resulting in injury or death. l’appareil peut causer un choc électrique pouvant entraîner des
blessures ou la mort.
DANGER DANGER
Contact with instrument terminals can cause electrical shock that can Tout contact avec les bornes de l’appareil peut causer un choc
result in injury or death. électrique pouvant entraîner des blessures ou la mort.
WARNING AVERTISSEMENT
Use of this equipment in a manner other than specified in this manual L'utilisation de cet appareil suivant des procédures différentes de
can impair operator safety safeguards provided by this equipment. celles indiquées dans ce manuel peut désarmer les dispositifs de
protection d'opérateur normalement actifs sur cet équipement.
Have only qualified personnel service this equipment. If you are not Seules des personnes qualifiées peuvent travailler sur cet appareil. Si
qualified to service this equipment, you can injure yourself or others, vous n’êtes pas qualifiés pour ce travail, vous pourriez vous blesser
or cause equipment damage. avec d’autres personnes ou endommager l’équipement.
Do not look into the fiber ports/connectors. Ne pas regarder vers les ports ou connecteurs de fibres optiques.
Do not look into the end of an optical cable connected to an optical Ne pas regarder vers l’extrémité d’un câble optique raccordé à une
output. sortie optique.
Do not perform any procedures or adjustments that this instruction Ne pas appliquer une procédure ou un ajustement qui n’est pas décrit
manual does not describe. explicitement dans ce manuel d’instruction.
During installation, maintenance, or testing of the optical ports, use Durant l’installation, la maintenance ou le test des ports optiques, utili-
only test equipment qualified for Class 1 laser products. sez exclusivement des équipements de test homologués comme pro-
duits de type laser de Classe 1.
Incorporated components, such as LEDs and transceivers are not user Les composants internes tels que les leds (diodes électrolumines-
serviceable. Return units to SEL for repair or replacement. centes) et émetteurs-récepteurs ne peuvent pas être entretenus par
l'usager. Retourner les unités à SEL pour réparation ou remplacement.

x Preface
Other Safety Marks (Sheet 2 of 2)
CAUTION ATTENTION
Equipment components are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Les composants de cet équipement sont sensibles aux décharges
Undetectable permanent damage can result if you do not use proper électrostatiques (DES). Des dommages permanents non-décelables
ESD procedures. Ground yourself, your work surface, and this peuvent résulter de l’absence de précautions contre les DES.
equipment before removing any cover from this equipment. If your Raccordez-vous correctement à la terre, ainsi que la surface de travail
facility is not equipped to work with these components, contact SEL et l’appareil avant d’en retirer un panneau. Si vous n’êtes pas équipés
about returning this device and related SEL equipment for service. pour travailler avec ce type de composants, contacter SEL afin de
retourner l’appareil pour un service en usine.
CAUTION ATTENTION
In order to avoid losing system logs on a factory-default reset, Pour éviter de perdre les enregistrements du système sur un
configure the SEL-2730M to forward Syslog messages. redémarrage défini par défaut, configurer le SEL-2730M pour envoyer
les messages de l'enregistreur du système (“Syslog”).
General Information
Examples This instruction manual uses several example illustrations and instructions to
explain how to effectively operate the SEL-2730M Managed Ethernet Switch.
These examples are for demonstration purposes only; the firmware
identification information or settings values these examples include may not
necessarily match those in the present version of your SEL-2730M.
Trademarks All brand or product names appearing in this document are the trademark or
registered trademark of their respective holders. No SEL trademarks may be
used without written permission.
SEL trademarks appearing in this manual are shown in the following table.
ACSELERATOR QuickSet® Job Done®
Copyrighted Software The software included in this product may contain copyrighted software
licensed under terms that give you the opportunity to receive source code. You
may obtain the applicable source code from SEL by sending a request to:
Legal Department
GPL Compliance
Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
One Schweitzer Drive
Pullman, WA 99163
Please include your return address, product number, and firmware revision.
Technical Support We appreciate your interest in SEL products and services. If you have
questions or comments, please contact us at:
2350 NE Hopkins Court
Pullman, WA 99163-5603 U.S.A.
Tel: +1.509.338.3838
Fax: +1.509.332.7990
Internet: selinc.com/support
Email: info@selinc.com

Section 1
Introduction and Specifications
Introduction
This section includes the following information about the SEL-2730M
Managed Ethernet Switch.
➤ Product Overview on page 1.1
➤ Product Features on page 1.1
➤ Connections, Reset Button, and LED Indicators on page 1.3
➤ Software System Requirements on page 1.6
➤ General Safety and Care Information on page 1.7
➤ Front- and Rear-Panel Diagrams on page 1.7
➤ Dimension Drawing on page 1.8
➤ Specifications on page 1.10
Product Overview
The SEL-2730M Managed Ethernet Switch is designed for the harsh
environments commonly found in the energy and utility industries. The
SEL-2730M supports communications infrastructures built for engineering
access, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), and real-time data
communication, and offers the same reliability found in SEL protective relays.
Product Features
➤ Reliable. Increase availability with the SEL-2730M, which is
designed, built, and tested to function in harsh environments
such as substations. Optional hot-swappable, dual power
supplies allow connectivity to primary and backup power
sources.
➤ Flexible. Maximize flexibility by using SEL-2730M ordering
options to meet different network configurations. Order the
SEL-2730M with Ethernet ports in combinations of copper,
single-mode fiber, and multimode fiber. Add even more
flexibility by using the four small form-factor pluggable (SFP)
modules to change port configurations when network designs
change.

1.2 Introduction and Specifications
Product Features
➤ Ease-of-Use. Simplify configuration and maintenance with a

secure web interface that allows convenient setup and management.
Configure settings offline by using ACSELERATOR QuickSet
SEL-5030 Software or through an exported settings file that
can be imported later on the switch.
➤ VLANs. Segregate traffic and improve network organization
and performance. Take advantage of IEEE 802.1Q-2005
VLANs to separate IEC 61850 GOOSE messages from other
traffic with as many as 4094 VLANs.
➤ Traffic Prioritization. Support critical substation messaging
by using IEEE 802.1Q-2005 VLAN and Priority Tagging Class
of Service (CoS) traffic prioritization with four service levels
and VLAN-based classification.
➤ Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). Use IEEE 802.1D-
2004 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) to speed network
recovery and convergence after a topology change caused by a
link or device failure.
➤ Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) Guard. Improve network
robustness by enabling BPDU Guard to disable a port when
unexpected BPDUs are received.
➤ Rate Limiting. Prevent network storms by limiting the amount
of broadcast, multicast, and/or unicast traffic on the network.
➤ Multicast MAC Filtering. Filter multicast traffic to reduce
network load on end devices.
➤ Port-Based MAC Security. Use port-based MAC security to
limit network access to authorized devices.
➤ Time Synchronization. Synchronize time by using network
time protocol (NTP). Time-align events and user activity across
your system.
➤ Syslog. Log events for speedy alerts, consistency, compatibility,
and centralized collection. Use the switch to forward Syslog
system and security logs to as many as three central servers.
➤ MAC Address Table. Download a comma-separated value
table of MAC addresses. Use the table for troubleshooting and
locating devices on the network.
➤ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Easily
connect a laptop computer during initial setup by using settings
that enable the front-panel 10/100BASE-T Ethernet port to
function as a DHCP server.
➤ Security and Monitoring. Increase security by taking
advantage of SNMPv3 and HTTPS features. SNMPv3 provides
secure network management and is interoperable with existing
network management systems (NMS). An HTTPS web
interface provides secure and intuitive switch management.
Map system and security events to configurable alarm contact
behavior for alarming through an external system, such as an
existing SCADA network.
➤ Port Mirroring. Monitor ingress and egress traffic for viewing
network statistics and performing troubleshooting.

Introduction and Specifications 1.3
Connections, Reset Button, and LED Indicators
➤ Port Monitoring. Monitor port health for link flap and frame
check sequence cyclic redundancy check (CRC) errors.
➤ Port Configuration. Use per-port configuration of settings
such as speed, duplex, and auto-negotiation, which facilitates
connection with other devices.
➤ User-Based Accounts. Provide user accountability and
separate authorization levels for configuration and
maintenance. Use LDAP or RADIUS with two-factor
authentication for centralized user authentication.

Front Panel Figure 1.1 shows the front panel of the SEL-2730M. The front panel includes
all of the activity and status LED indicators of the device. There are link status
NOTE: SEL-2730M fiber ports are
100 Mbps only; they will not operate at and activity indicators for each of the 24 rear Ethernet ports. The front (local
10 Mbps. management) Ethernet port has link and activity indicators built into the port
itself. In addition, there are status indications for the unit as a whole, as well as
for the power supply and optional backup power supply.
Status and Activity LEDs Local Management Port

Figure 1.1 Front-Panel View
Status Indicators Figure 1.2 shows the layout of the status indicators on the front of the
SEL-2730M. After the device has turned on and is in a normal operating state,
a red LED indicates a non-optimal condition needing operator attention.
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LAMP 100 Mbps
TEST LNK/ACT
ENABLED PWR A 1 Gbps 100 Mbps
ALARM PWR B LNK/ACT LNK/ACT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Figure 1.2 Close-Up of Front-Panel Status Indicators
Lamp Test
The LAMP TEST button illuminates all front-panel indicators when pressed.
General Status Indicators

The ENABLED indicator is green when the unit is “up” (has passed self-tests and
is operational). This indicator is not illuminated during startup and if the unit
fails self-test.
The ALARM indicator is not illuminated unless the unit asserts an alarm.
Flashing red indicates a minor alarm, while solid red indicates a major alarm.

Power Supply Status Indicators

The PWR A/PWR B indicators will be green if the power supply is installed and
healthy. If the unit detects a fault problem, the indicator will be red. If a power
supply is not installed, the corresponding indicator will not be illuminated.
Ethernet Status Indicators

Each of the rear-panel Ethernet ports has a pair of corresponding LED
indicators on the front panel: a yellow indicator above a green one. Table 1.1
shows how to interpret the states of these LED indicators. Note that the
connector for each port on the rear panel has built-in status indicators. As with
the front-panel indicators, these include one green and one yellow LED, and
these indicate link status similarly. This simplifies the detection of cabling
errors when inserting and removing Ethernet cables from the rear of the unit.
Table 1.1 Ethernet Status Indicators
LED State Ethernet
Solid Green Link up

Blinking Green Port activity
Solid Yellow Full-Speed Link
Blinking Yellow Collisiona
Extinguished Yellow Low-Speed Link
a Collision indication is not supported on the four 1000BASE-T ports.
Rear Panel
Gigabit SFP Ports, 1000BASE-T Configurable in Groups of Four: Redundant, Hot-Swappable

Single-Mode or Multimode • 10/100BASE-T Power Supply
• 100BASE-FX
• 100BASE-LX10
Ports 5—8 comply with the isolation requirements for IEEE 802.3-2012, IEEE Standard for Ethernet — Environment A and
should be connected to devices that share the same main power supply phase.
Ports 17—20 can be configured with two 10/100BASE-T and two 100BASE-FX ports.
Figure 1.3 Rear-Panel View
The base-model SEL-2730M has four Gigabit Ethernet copper ports and
sixteen 10/100 Mbps copper Ethernet ports, built as four-port modules. You
NOTE: Fiber Ethernet devices
can order each of the 10/100 Mbps copper port modules as single- or
connected to the fiber ports must multimode fiber-optic ports to meet the unique requirements of your network.
match both the speed and sub-type You can also add as many as 4 ports that use small form-factor pluggable
(FX) of the SEL-2730M port.
(SFP) modules for a total of 24 ports. These SFP ports can be any combination
NOTE: SEL-2730M fiber ports are of fiber-optic Gigabit Ethernet ports and 10/100/1000 copper ports.
100 Mbps only; they will not operate at
10 Mbps.
Ethernet copper ports support Auto MDI/MDX and auto-negotiation for speed
and duplex values. Gigabit fiber-optic SFP ports support auto-negotiation of
speed, but only support the Gigabit speed. 100 Mbps fiber-optic ports support
auto-negotiation of speed but only support the 100 Mbps speed.

Four Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) Ports

Ports 1–4 are compatible with SEL copper, single mode, or multimode SFP
fiber-optic modules. These modules are digitally signed and must be ordered
from SEL. A list of SFP modules that the SEL-2730M supports is available on
the SEL website at selinc.com/products/SFP/.
Four Gigabit Ethernet Ports

Ports 5–8 support 10/100/1000 Mbps copper Ethernet.
Table 1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Port Pinout
Pin Description
1 A+
2 A-
3 B+
4 C+
5 C–
6 B–
7 D+
8 D–
Sixteen Fast Ethernet Ports

You can order ports 9–24 in combinations of four-port groups of either copper
or fiber. Table 1.3 shows the pinout for the copper Ethernet option.
Table 1.3 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Port Pinout
Pin Description
1 A+
2 A–
3 B+
4 N/C
5 N/C
6 B–
7 N/C
8 N/C
Redundant, Hot-Swappable Power Supplies

Optional redundant power supplies provide failover protection. Connect a
separate power source to each power supply. If one source fails, the other
continues to keep the switch operational. The power supply has an estimated
mean time between failures (MTBF) of 3000 years. Power supply inputs are
isolated from ground and polarity protected.

Software System Requirements
SEL-9330-A High-Voltage Power Supply (120—240 Vac, 125—250 Vdc)

Table 1.4 High-Voltage Power Supply Connections
Pin Description
1 GND
2 –/N
3 +/H
SEL-9330-C Low-Voltage Power Supply (24—48 Vdc)

Table 1.5 Low-Voltage Power Supply Connections
Pin Description
1 GND
2 –
3 +
The POWER terminal on the rear of the power supplies must connect to a source
within the rated range of the SEL-2730M. The POWER terminals are isolated
from the chassis ground. Use 1.5–2.5 mm (16–14 AWG) wire to connect to
the POWER terminals.
Alarm Contact Output

One Form C output mechanical relay contact is provided on the rear panel for
alarming. The alarm contact operates for one second to indicate a minor
alarm. It indicates a major alarm by continuing to operate until removal of the
failure source is manually acknowledged through the management interface.
Table 1.6 Alarm Contact Pinout
Pin Description
C1 Normally Open
C2 Common
C3 Normally Closed
Table 1.7 Alarm Contact Ratings
Max Voltage 250 Vdc
Contact Protection 270 Vdc, 23 J MOV protected

Max Current 6A
Pickup time 8 ms typical
Dropout time 8 ms typical
Software System Requirements

The device is primarily managed through the internal HTTPS server. This
server requires a web browser capable of HTTPS communication. The official
supported browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge.

General Safety and Care Information
General Safety and Care Information

General Safety Notes ➤ The SEL-2730M is designed for restricted access locations.
Access should be limited to qualified service personnel.
➤ The SEL-2730M should neither be installed nor operated in a
condition this manual does not specify.
Cleaning Instructions ➤ The device should be de-energized (by removing the power
connection to both the power and alarm connection) before cleaning.
➤ The case can be wiped down with a damp cloth. Solvent-based
cleaners should not be used on plastic parts or labels.
Front- and Rear-Panel Diagrams

Dimension Drawing
Dimension Drawing
RACK-MOUNT CHASSIS WALL/SURFACE-MOUNT CHASSIS
.80
[20.3]
.31
9.79 10.03 6.61 [7.9]
[248.8] TOP [254.8] [167.8] TOP
1.25
.25 18.21 [31.8]
[6.3] [462.5]
18.43
[468.2]
18.99
[482.4]
FRONT 2.72 FRONT

[69.1]
1.72 1.25
[43.7] [31.7]
18.31
[465.1]
PANEL MOUNT CHASSIS
9.81
[249.3] TOP
.73
[18.5]
19.80 4X #10-32
[502.9] STUD
3.15
[80.0] FRONT SIDE
4X Ø.25
17.63 [Ø6.4]
[447.8]
18.31 1.25
1.80 [465.1] [31.8]
[45.7]
PANEL CUTOUT
LEGEND
in
[mm] i9387d
Note: The SEL-2730M supports front, 19-inch rack-mount, DIN-rail mount, panel-mount, and wall-mount installations.
Note: Order the surface-mount SEL-2730M with the DIN-rail mounted adapter kit, or the surface-mounting kit and the
DIN-rail adapters if it is a conversion from a rack mount.
Note: When using 915900533 wall-mount brackets, use appropriate fasteners for the wall location to which the unit is
being mounted and install the device in a restricted area with wires down.
Note: When using the wall-mount brackets, insert one mounting screw in each bracket cutout, for a total of four mounting
screws per switch.
Note: For torque recommendations, refer to Specifications.

Mounting Options
Mounting Options
Mounting The SEL-2730M comes with reversible mounting ears to support surface
mount and front- and rear-panel installations. When mounting multiple
Instructions SEL-2730M in the same rack, leave a one-unit space between each device to
ensure proper heat dissipation.
Warranty
The SEL-2730M meets or exceeds the IEEE 1613 Class 1, IEC 61850-3, and
IEC 60255 industry standards for communications devices in electrical
substations for vibration, electrical surges, fast transients, extreme
temperatures, and electrostatic discharge.
SEL manufactures the SEL-2730M through the use of the same high standards
as those for SEL protective relays and backs it with the same 10-year
worldwide warranty.

Specifications
Specifications
Rear Connectors: RJ45 female or LC fiber (single-mode or
Compliance multimode)
Designed and manufactured under an ISO 9001 certified quality Standard: IEEE 802.3-2012
management system IEEE 802.3-2012 excluding 10 Gbps and
UL Listed to U.S. and Canadian safety standards above
(File E220228; NRAQ/NRAQ7) (rack-mount configuration only) IEEE 802.3-2008/Cor 1
IEEE 802.3bd
CE Mark IEEE 802.3bf
RCM Mark Fiber-Optic Ports
General Multimode Option (to 2 km)
Switching Properties Maximum TX Power: –14 dBm
Switching Method: Store and Forward Minimum TX Power: –19 dBm
Switching Latency: <7 s RX Sensitivity: –30 dBm
Switch Fabric System Gain: 11 dB

Throughput: 19.2 Gbps Source: LED
Priority Queues: 4 Wavelength: 1300 nm
Maximum VLANs: 4094 Connector Type: LC (IEC 61754-20)
MAC Learning Single-Mode Option (to 15 km)
Architecture: Shared VLAN Learning (SVL)
Maximum TX Power: –8 dBm
VLAN ID Range: 1–4094
Minimum TX Power: –15 dBm
MAC Address Table
Size: 8192 addresses RX Sensitivity: –25 dBm
Warranty System Gain: 10 dB
10 Years Source: Laser

Wavelength: 1310 nm
Network Management
Connector Type: LC (IEC 61754-20)
HTTPS Web User Interface
Supported Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) Fiber-Optic Ports
SNMP v1/v2c/v3
1000BASE-SX (300 m)
ACSELERATOR QuickSet SEL-5030 Software
1000BASE-LX (10 km)
Settings Import/Export 1000BASE-LX (20 km)
Third-Party Network Management Systems (NMS) 1000BASE-LX (30 km)
1000BASE-LX (40 km)
User-Based Accounts 1000BASE-XD (50 km)
Maximum Local 1000BASE-ZX (80 km)
Accounts: 256 Supported Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) Copper Ports
Password Length: 8–72 characters 10/100/1000 BASE-T
Password Set: All printable ASCII characters For the most up-to-date list of qualified SFP modules, please
contact the SEL application engineer in your region. Other SEL-
User Roles: Administrator, Engineer, User Manager, qualified SFP modules not listed will operate in the SEL-2730M
Monitor but may have a reduced temperature range.
Syslog Digital Output
Storage for 60,000 local Syslog messages. Rated Operational
Support for three remote Syslog destinations. Voltage: 24–250 Vdc
Processing and Memory Continuous Carry: 2A
Processor Speed: 313 MHz Power Supply

Memory: 512 MB 125—250 Volt Power Supply
Storage: 512 MB Rated Supply Voltage: 125–250 Vdc; 120–240 Vac, 50/60 Hz
Communications Ports Input Voltage Range: 88–300 Vdc or 85–264 Vac
Ethernet Ports Maximum Burden: AC: <60 VA

DC: <45 W
Ports: 24 rear, 1 front
DC Ripple: <15% rated voltage
Data Rate: 10, 100, or 1000 Mbps
Peak Inrush: 8A
Front Connector: RJ45 Female
Insulation: 3100 Vdc
Power Factor: >75%

Specifications
Isolated from Chassis Terminal Connections

Ground: Yes
Compression Screw Terminals
Input Voltage 50 ms @ 125 Vac/Vdc
Interruptions: 100 ms @ 250 Vac/Vdc Power Wiring
24–48 Volt Power Supply Insulation: 300 V minimum
Rated Supply Voltage: 24–48 Vdc (polarized) Size: 12–18 AWG
Input Voltage Range: 19.2–60.0 Vdc Tightening Torque
Maximum Burden: <42 W Minimum: 0.6 Nm (5 in-lb)
DC Ripple: <15% rated voltage Maximum: 0.8 Nm (7 in-lb)
Peak Inrush: 18 A Crimp Ferrule Recommended
Insulation: 3100 Vdc Alarm Wiring
Isolated from Chassis Insulation: 300 V minimum

Ground: Yes Size: 16–24 AWG
Input Voltage 50 ms @ 48 Vdc Tightening Torque
Interruptions: 10 ms @ 24 Vdc
Minimum: 0.5 Nm (4 in-lb)
Recommended External Overcurrent Protection
Maximum: 0.6 Nm (5 in-lb)
Breaker Type: Standard
Crimp Ferrule Recommended
Breaker Rating: 15 A at 250 Vdc
Mounting Ear Tightening Torque
Current Breaking
Capacity: 10 kA Minimum: 2 Nm (18 in-lb)
Grounded Neutral Device in series with the HOT or Maximum: 4 Nm (35 in-lb)
Systems: energized conductor Grounding Screw
DC and Isolated Device in series with both conductors Ground Wiring
Systems:
Insulation: 300 V minimum
Fuse Ratings
Size: 12 AWG
Power Supply Fuse
Length: <3 m
SEL-9330-A: 2.5 A, 250 Vdc/300 Vac Time-lag T,
250 Vac/1500 A break rating Tightening Torque
SEL-9330-C: 4.0 A, 150 Vdc Time-lag T, 250 Vac/ Minimum: 0.9 Nm (8 in-lb)
1500 A break rating Maximum: 1.4 Nm (12 in-lb)
Note: Fuses are not user-serviceable. Ring Terminal Recommended
Alarm Contact Output Dimensions
Per IEC 255-0-20:1974, Using Simplified Method of Assessment: 1U Rack Mount
Output Type: Relay, Form C, break-before-make Height: 43.7 mm (1.72 in)
Power Supply Burden: <1 W maximum Depth: 232.1 mm (9.14 in)
Mechanical Life: 2000000 operations Width: 482.5 mm (19 in)
Operational Voltage: 250 Vac/Vdc 1U Panel Mount
Make: 30 A at 250 Vdc Height: 80.0 mm (3.15 in)
Carry: 6 A continuous at 70°C Depth: 261.9 mm (10.31 in)
1 s Rating 50 A Width: 502.9 mm (19.80 in)
MOV Protection: 270 Vac, 23 J
Weight
Insulation Voltage: 300 Vdc
1.96 kg (4.3 lb)
Pickup Time: <8 ms
Environmental
Dropout Time: <8 ms
Breaking Capacity (10,000 Operations):
Operating Temperature
24 V 0.75 A L/R = 40 ms –40° to +85°C (–40° to +185°F)
48 V 0.50 A L/R = 40 ms Relative Humidity
125 V 0.30 A L/R = 40 ms
250 V 0.20 A L/R = 40 ms 0% to 95% non-condensing
Cyclic Capacity (2.5 Cycles/Second): Altitude
24 V 0.75 A L/R = 40 ms 2000 m
48 V 0.50 A L/R = 40 ms
125 V 0.30 A L/R = 40 ms Atmospheric Pressure
250 V 0.20 A L/R = 40 ms
80–110 kPa

Specifications
Operating Environment Radiated RF Immunity: IEC 60255-26:2013

Severity Level: 10 V/m unmodulated
Pollution Degree: 2 80 MHz–1 GHz, 1.4 GHz–2.7 GHz
Overvoltage Category: II IEEE C37.90.2-2004
Severity Level: 20 V/m 80% AM,
Insulation Class: I 0.5 s keyed, 80 MHz–1 GHz
Enclosure Protection Surge Immunity: IEC 60255-26:2013
IEC 61000-4-5:2005
IEC 60529:2001 + A2:2013
Severity Level: Zone A
Severity Level: IP20
Surge Withstand IEC 60255-26:2013
Green Product Capability: Severity Level: 2.5 kV peak common
Compliant with the European Union’s RoHS directive mode, 1.0 kV peak differential mode
IEC 61000-4-18:2006
Type Tests IEEE C37.90.1-2002
Severity Level: 2.5 kV oscillatory,
Communication Product Testing 4 kV fast transient waveform
IEEE 1613-2009, KEMA certified Environmental
Class 1*
IEC 61850-3:2013 KEMA certified Cold: IEC 60255-27:2013
IEC 61850-90-4 KEMA certified IEC 60068-2-1:2007
* With SEL-C627-R or equivalent cables.
Severity Level: 16 hours at –40°C
Dry Heat: IEC 60255-27:2013
Electromagnetic Compatibility Emissions IEC 60068-2-2:2007
Generic Emissions: EN 60255-26:2013 Severity Level: 16 hours at +85°C
EN 61850-3:2014
Damp Heat, Cyclic: IEC 60255-27:2013
47 CFR Part 15
IEC 60068-2-30:2005
CISPR 11:2009 + A1:2010
CISPR 22:2008 Severity Level: 25°C to 55°C
EN 55011:2009 + A1:2010 Relative Humidity: 93% to 95%
EN 55022:2010 + AC:2011 Duration: 6 cycles, 1 cycle/day
EN 55023:2012 + AC:2013 Damp Heat, Steady IEC 60255-27:2013
Severity Level: Class A State: IEC 60068-2-78:2002
Canada ICES-001(A) / NMB-001(A) Severity Level: 40°C
Relative Humidity: 93%
Electromagnetic Compatibility Immunity
Duration: 4 days
Conducted RF IEC 60255-26:2013
Vibration (Front-Panel IEC 60255-27:2013
Immunity: IEC 61000-4-6:2008
Mount Only): IEC 60255-21-1:1988
Severity Level: 10 Vrms
Severity Level: Class 1 endurance,
Electrostatic Discharge IEC 60255-26:2013 Class 2 response
Immunity: IEC 61000-4-2:2008 IEC 60255-21-2:1988
IEEE C37.90.3-2001 Severity Level: Class 1 - shock
Severity Level: 2, 4, 8 kV contact; withstand, bump, and Class 2 - shock
4, 8, 15 kV air response
IEC 60255-21-3:1993
Fast Transient/Burst IEC 60255-26:2013 Severity Level: Class 2 (quake
Immunity: IEC 61000-4-4:2011 response)
Severity Level: Zone A
Safety
Magnetic Field IEC 60255-26:2013
Immunity: IEC 61000-4-8:2009 Dielectric Strength: IEC 60255-27:2013
Severity Level: 1000 A/m for 3 IEEE C37.90-2005
seconds, 100 A/m for 1 minute 3600 Vdc on power supply and alarm
IEC 61000-4-9:2001 contact; 2250 Vdc on Ethernet ports
Severity Level: 1000 A/m Type tested for 1 minute
IEC 61000-4-10:2001 IEEE 802.3-2012
Severity Level: 100 A/m 2250 Vdc on electrical Ethernet ports
Type tested for 1 minute
Power Supply Ripple: IEC 60255-26:2013
Ports 5–8 comply with Environment A
IEC 61000-4-17:2008
requirements between ports
Power Supply Dips and IEC 60255-26:2013 Ports 9–24 comply with Environment B
Interruptions: IEC 61000-4-11:2004 requirements between ports
IEC 61000-4-29:2000
Impulse: IEC 60255-27:2013
Power Supply Gradual IEEE C37.90-2005
Shutdown and Severity Level:
Startup: IEC 60255-26:2013 Common Mode
5 kV power supply, alarm contact
Power Supply
2.4 kV Ethernet ports
Discharge Capacitors: IEC 60255-27:2013
Common Mode, Port to Port
Power Supply Reverse 5 kV power supply, alarm contact
Polarity and Slow Zero-Rated, Ethernet ports
Ramp: IEC 60255-27:2013
Protective Bonding IEC 60255-27:2013
Resistance: IEEE C37.90-2005

Section 2
Installation
Introduction
This section includes the following information:
➤ Connecting to the Device on page 2.1
➤ Commissioning the Device on page 2.4
➤ Navigating the User Interface on page 2.4
➤ Device Dashboard on page 2.7
Connecting to the Device

The device includes an HTTPS web server which provides configuration and
management functions for use with an internet browser.
For the initial connection to a device, you will need to have the following:
➤ A computer with a wired Ethernet port
➤ An uncommissioned SEL-2730M
➤ One RJ45 Ethernet cable
➤ CA-signed X.509 certificate (optional, but recommended)
Physical Network
Connect the device to your computer as shown in Figure 2.1. Using a standard
RJ45 Ethernet cable, connect the Ethernet port of your computer to the front
Ethernet port (ETH F) of the device. The web management interface of an
uncommissioned SEL-2730M can only be reached through the front Ethernet
port. After commissioning, an additional IP interface can be configured. See
Network Settings on page 5.20 for information on enabling an additional IP
interface.
Ethernet
(DHCP Enabled)
Ethernet
Cable
Figure 2.1 Commissioning Network

2.2 Installation
The default URL for the web server via the front port is https://192.168.1.2.
However, if your computer is configured as a DHCP client, the SEL-2730M
Captive Port feature sends the necessary network configuration information
from the SEL-2730M to place your computer in the same subnet as the
SEL-2730M. This will direct any entered URL to the SEL-2730M. More
information about the Captive Port feature can be found in Network Settings
on page 5.20. If you prefer to use a static IP address, you can set these
parameters yourself as described in Configuring a Static IP Address in
Microsoft Windows Networking on page 2.10.
To set the network connection of your computer to be automatically
configured, follow these steps:
Step 1. Open the Microsoft Windows Network Connections Control
Panel applet. Do this by typing ncpa.cpl in the Windows Run
dialog box, as shown in Figure 2.2. Selecting OK will open the
Network Connections window, which contains a list of the
network devices available on your computer.
Figure 2.2 Open Network Connections With Run Command
Step 2. Right-click on the connection you will be using to

communicate with the device and select the Properties option
to show the connection properties window (see Figure 2.3).
This connection may be labeled as Local Area Connection.
Figure 2.3 Open Connection Properties

Installation 2.3
Figure 2.4 Local Area Connection Properties
Step 3. Select the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) entry from the This
connection uses the following items list (this entry is usually
located last in the list). Select the Properties button to show the
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window (see
Figure 2.5).
Figure 2.5 Configuring Automatic Network Configuration
Step 4. Select Obtain an IP address automatically. This is the usual

setting for computers on a company network.
Step 5. Select Obtain DNS server address automatically. This is the
usual setting for computers on a company network.
Step 6. Select the OK button.

2.4 Installation
Commissioning the Device
Commissioning the Device

NOTE: You may receive a certificate
error from your browser. The message is Configure the network connection of your computer as described in Physical
dependent on the browser you are Network on page 2.1. Using a standard RJ45 Ethernet cable, connect the
using. This error appears because the
default certificate is a self-signed Ethernet port of your computer to the front port ETH F of the SEL-2730M. Wait
certificate and not signed by a trusted for the network connection to be configured, and then open your web browser
certificate authority (CA). You will need
to create a certificate exception to and navigate to any URL (e.g., selinc.com)—the SEL-2730M will handle
access the device login page. Your resolving the URL and connecting you to its web management interface.
browser will provide instructions for
doing this. For information on creating Step 1. In your browser’s address bar, enter https://www.selinc.com.
an X.509 certificate to eliminate this
error, see Section 5: Settings and This will open the device Commissioning Page.
Commands.
Figure 2.6 Device Commissioning Page
Step 2. Enter the account information for the first administrative user.
This requires both a username and a password. The password
must be entered twice to ensure that it is correctly typed,
because the password characters are hidden.
Step 3. Select the Submit button to complete commissioning. When
the page reloads, you will be able to log in as the administrative
user to set up accounts and configure the system. Navigating
the User Interface on page 2.4 provides a general description of
the web interface.
Navigating the User Interface

The device has an HTTPS interface to enable easy device configuration. This
HTTPS interface can be accessed by opening your web browser and
navigating to the device management address. By default this address is
https://192.168.1.2.

Installation 2.5
Navigating the User Interface
When you log in to the device, you are presented with the Dashboard as
shown in Figure 2.7. The Dashboard gives a quick overview of the status of
the device. The features of the Dashboard are explained in greater detail later
in this section.
Figure 2.7 Device Dashboard and Navigation Menu
The far-left frame of the device web interface is the navigation panel.
Selecting any link on this panel will take you to the associated page that
includes all the settings and configurations for that part of the system. The
navigation panel is always present on the web interface. One of the first tasks
might be to create user accounts for personnel who will be configuring and
maintaining the device. Selecting the Local Users link in the navigation panel
will open the Accounts page as shown in Figure 2.8.
Figure 2.8 Local Users

2.6 Installation
Installing a New Web Certificate
The Local Users page shown in Figure 2.8 shows the main panel of the web
interface. This sample shows the single administrative user created when the
device was configured. On this page, we can also see the status of each user
account and details about the users.
The Local Users page has an Add New User button above the table. There is
also an Edit button for each user in the table. Each user will also have a Delete
button, except for that user when there is only one administrative user left. The
last administrative user cannot be deleted.
Selecting the Add New User button will display the user form (see
Figure 2.9) to allow changing the role, description, password, or enabled
condition of a user. Selecting the Edit button will show the same form,
without the username box.
Figure 2.9 Adding a New User
Installing a New Web Certificate

The SEL-2730M comes configured with a self-signed X.509 certificate. SEL
recommends installing a CA-signed X.509 certificate on the device. Perform
the following instructions to install a new web certificate on the SEL-2730M.
Step 1. Navigate to the X.509 Certificate page.
Step 2. Select Import (at the top of the page).
Step 3. Add a Certificate Alias and a Password (if required).
Step 4. Select Browse and select the new web certificate.

Installation 2.7
Device Dashboard
Figure 2.10 Uploading a New X.509 Certificate
Step 5. Select Submit. If the certificate is valid, it will appear in the list
of certificates with an Activate button.
Figure 2.11 Successful Upload of a New X.509 Certificate
Step 6. Select Activate for the new certificate and then Yes to continue.
The SEL-2730M begins refreshing the web interface; when the
Activating certificate button turns green, select it to return to
the web interface.
You can confirm that the X.509 certificate is presently active by navigating to
the X.509 Certificate page.
There should now be a check mark ( ) to the left of the alias of the
certificate that you activated. You may now remove the self-signed certificate
by selecting the Delete button for the Default_Web_Cert certificate.
Figure 2.12 New Certificate Is Activated
Device Dashboard
The device Dashboard is the page that is displayed when a user logs in to the
device. The Dashboard provides a quick overview of the state of the device. To
access the Dashboard from another device webpage, select the Dashboard
link on the left navigation panel.

2.8 Installation
Device Dashboard
Figure 2.13 Device Dashboard
The system status and statistics information on the Dashboard page is

updated periodically. The dashboard is broken into the following four
categories.
➤ Network Interfaces
➤ Device Information
➤ System Statistics
➤ Diagnostics
Network Interfaces The Network Interfaces section of the Dashboard contains icons representing
each physical Ethernet network interface on the device. You can mouse over
any of the network interface port icons to see the alias and current status
information of the port. Selecting one of these icons will add a status area to
the Dashboard and add a line to it containing the statistics for that interface.
More information about network interface configuration can be found in
Section 5: Settings and Commands.
Figure 2.14 Network Interfaces
The network interface icons are color-coded to indicate the configuration state
of that interface. The interface icon colors and their meanings can be found in
Table 2.1.

Installation 2.9
Device Dashboard
Table 2.1 Network Interface Icon Colors
Interface Icon Status
Enabled (link up)

(Green)
Enabled (link down)

(Gray)
Disabled (not configured)

(Dark Gray)
Device Information This section of the Dashboard provides version information, including part
number, serial number, and the firmware identification string. This
information can be useful when technical support or firmware upgrades are
necessary.
Figure 2.15 Version Information
System Statistics The System Statistics area (see Figure 2.16) of the Dashboard provides some
basic statistics of device operations. This information can quickly help
determine whether the device firmware is operating properly.
Figure 2.16 System Statistics
Table 2.2 explains the meaning of each of these statistics.
Table 2.2 System Statistics
Statistic Meaning
Active Session(s) Number of users currently logged on to the management web

interface
System Uptime How long the unit has been running since last turned on or
restarted
Power Cycles Number of times power has been cycled; increases by one every
time the unit is powered up
Total Runtime Total number of hours the unit has been powered up

2.10 Installation
Device Dashboard
Diagnostics The Diagnostics section (see Figure 2.17) of the Dashboard provides simple
status indications for the basic hardware systems of the SEL-2730M. This
information can quickly help determine the health of the device hardware and
that it is operating properly.
Figure 2.17 Diagnostics
Configuring a Static To configure the SEL-2730M by using a static IP address, you will need to
configure your computer to communicate on the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet. For a
IP Address in description of the Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation, see
Microsoft Windows Appendix H: Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).
Networking Step 1. Start the Microsoft Windows Command Terminal.
a. Open the Run command (from the Start menu).
NOTE: The instructions in this b. Type cmd in the text box.
section are provided in the event
you decide to use a static IP c. Select OK.
address to access the device
instead of configuring your
computer for DHCP.
Figure 2.18 Open Terminal With Run Command
Step 2. In the command window, type ipconfig <Enter>. This will

display the IP address and subnet mask that your Ethernet
connection is configured for. The IP address must match
192.168.1.1 and the subnet mask must match 255.255.255.0. If
these values are correct, you are ready to begin commissioning
the device.
Step 3. If you need to configure your computer to communicate on the
192.168.1.0/24 subnet, open Microsoft Windows Network
Connections.
a. Type ncpa.cpl in the Run command.
b. Select OK.
The Network Connections window will open. This
window contains a list of the network devices available
on your computer.

Installation 2.11
Device Dashboard
Figure 2.19 Open Network Connections With Run Command
Step 4. Right-click on the connection you will be using to

communicate with the device, and select Properties. This
connection may be labeled as Local Area Connection.
Figure 2.20 Open Connection Properties
Step 5. Select the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) entry from the This
connection uses the following items list (usually located last
in the list). Select the Properties button.
Figure 2.21 Local Area Connection Properties
Step 6. Select Use the following IP address. Enter 192.168.1.1 as the

IP address and 255.255.255.0 as the Subnet mask, as shown in
Figure 2.22. Select the OK button.

2.12 Installation
Battery Change Instructions
Figure 2.22 Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties
Step 7. Select the OK button in the Local Area Connection

Properties dialog box. The new settings will take effect once
this is done.
Battery Change Instructions

The battery in the SEL-2730M is used to maintain power to the real-time
clock so that the switch retains the time through power cycles. The battery is
rated to last more than 10 years, but if you need to change the battery, use the
following steps.
Step 1. Disconnect power from the SEL-2730M.
Step 2. Remove the SEL-2730M from the panel or rack.
Step 3. Ground yourself, your work station, and the SEL-2730M to the
same ground.
Step 4. Unscrew the 11 top screws and remove the top cover.
The battery is located on the main board, near the power
supply.
Step 5. Replace the battery.
Step 6. Reassemble the device and return it to service.
To test that the battery replacement was successful, apply power to the unit
and log in to the web management interface. Check for major alarms
indicating battery failure. If there are no alarms, navigate to the Date and
Time webpage and reset the time on the device.

Section 3
Managing Users
Introduction
This section includes the following:
➤ User-Based Accounts on page 3.1
➤ Adding a Local User on page 3.2
➤ Editing a Local User and Resetting a Password on page 3.2
➤ Removing a Local User on page 3.3
➤ Enabling or Disabling a Local User on page 3.3
➤ Changing a User Password on page 3.3
➤ Centralized User Accounts on page 3.4
User-Based Accounts
The SEL-2730M has user-based access control to provide for greater
authentication, authorization, and accountability. Individuals responsible for
configuring, monitoring, or maintaining the device will have their own unique
user accounts. User-based access controls are organized to answer, “Who did
what and when?” and allow flexibility for detailed auditing. This structure
also eases the burden of password management for the operators by only
requiring users to remember their own personal passwords. This eliminates
the need for each operator to remember a new password every time an
employee leaves or no longer needs access as required in a global account
structure.
Permissions of the device are organized into roles, and access is granted
through role-based access controls (RBACs). The device has four roles:
Administrator, Engineer, User Manager, and Monitor. User account privileges
are based on the group (i.e., role) in which the user is a member. A brief
overview of each role is provided below.
➤ Users with the Administrator role have full access to the device.
➤ Users with the Engineer role have access to most settings and
information on the device. The main exception to this is user
account management.
➤ Users with the User Manager role have access to manage users
on the device. Access to other settings is restricted.
➤ Users with the Monitor role have read-only access to most of
the device settings.

3.2 Managing Users
User-Based Accounts
Adding a Local User The device supports as many as 256 unique local user accounts. Use the
following steps to create a new user account.
Step 1. Log in to the device with an account that is a member of either
the Administrator or the User Manager group. The account you
created during commissioning is one such account.
Step 2. Select the Local Users link from the navigation menu of the
web management interface. This link will open the User
Accounts page.
Step 3. Select Add New User.
Step 4. Enter the Username, Role, and Password of the new user. The
password must be entered twice to confirm that it has been
entered correctly.
Figure 3.1 Add New User Form
Step 5. Select the Submit button. This will add the new user to the
device.
Editing a Local User The device provides an Administrator or User Manager user with the ability to
edit account information for existing accounts. With this function, users can
and Resetting a reset forgotten passwords, reassign group membership, and enable or disable
Password an account. Perform the following steps to reset an account’s password.
Step 1. Log in to the device with an account that is a member of the
Administrator or User Manager group. The account you created
during commissioning is one such account.
Accounts page.
Step 3. Select the Edit button associated with the account that you
want to edit. This step will open the Edit User form.
Step 4. To change the user’s password, enter the new password,
confirm the new password, and select the Submit button.

Managing Users 3.3
User-Based Accounts
Removing a Local In the case where an employee leaves the company, you should remove the
employee’s account to prevent security breaches. The device allows for the
User easy removal of user accounts. Perform the following steps to remove an
account.
Step 1. Log in to the device with an Administrator or User Manager
account. The account you created during commissioning is one
such account.
Accounts page.
Step 3. Select the Delete button associated with the account that you
want to remove.
Step 4. Verify that the user to be deleted is the correct user.
Step 5. Once verified, select Yes. If this person is not the correct user,
select No to go back to the User Accounts page.
Enabling or Disabling If an employee takes an extended leave of absence or has a temporary change
in duties, the employee’s account should be disabled to prevent unauthorized
a Local User access to the device. Disabling the account will maintain the account
information while preventing unauthorized access to the system during the
absence. The account can be reactivated when the employee resumes normal
duties. Perform the following steps to enable or disable a user's account.
Step 1. Log in to the device with an account that is a member of the
Administrator or User Manager group. The account you created
during commissioning is one such account.
Accounts page.
Step 3. Select the Edit button associated with the account that you
want to edit. This step will open the Edit User form.
Step 4. If an account is currently enabled, uncheck the Account
Enabled button to disable the account. To enable an account
that has been disabled, check Account Enabled.
Changing a User Many organizations have policies requiring employees to change their system
passwords at regular intervals. To aid with these policies, users on the device
Password can change their own passwords. Perform the following steps to change your
password.
Step 1. Log in to the device.
web management interface.
Users of the Monitor or Engineer group will only see a Change
Your Password button. Users of the User Manager or
Administrators group will see all user accounts of the device, as
well as the same Change Your Password button.
Step 3. Select the Change Your Password button. This step will bring
up the form to change your password. Enter your old password,
new password, and select the Submit button to change your
password.

3.4 Managing Users
Centralized User Accounts

The SEL-2730M supports two types of centralized authentication protocols:
LDAP and RADIUS. Only one may be active at a time. When a user attempts
to log in to the SEL-2730M, the SEL-2730M authenticates the account using
the following order:
Local Users Local Users
OR
LDAP (if enabled) RADIUS (if enabled)
Each of the central authentication services can configure primary and backup
servers. When using LDAP or RADIUS settings, the SEL-2730M attempts to
contact the primary server first; if the response times out, the SEL-2730M
either tries to contact the backup server. If any other error or rejection occurs,
the SEL-2730M rejects the login attempt and stops processing the login.
Both protocols use the Hosts page to resolve Hostname settings into IP
addresses and the X.509 page for X.509 certificate management for EAP
protocols. See Edit Hosts on page 5.23 and X.509 Certificates on page 5.29
for instructions on using those two pages.
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is used by many IT

departments to manage the users and devices on their corporate networks.
LDAP is included in the SEL-2730M to provide a mechanism for centralized
user management. With LDAP, users can be managed at a central server.
When a user who does not have a local account requests access to the device,
the device will consult the central directory to find their account and verify
that they are authorized to access the unit, see Figure 3.2.
Engineering Station User Administrator

LDAP Server
SEL-2730M SEL-3354
Log in as Alice
Is Alice an authorized user?
Yes
Connection Established
Log in as Bob
Is Bob an authorized user?
No
Connection Refused
Figure 3.2 LDAP Login Process

Managing Users 3.5
To support this behavior, certain parameters must be configured in the

SEL-2730M to allow it to communicate with your LDAP server. These
parameters are configurable through the web interface. To configure LDAP on
your device, access the web interface and log in using an account with
administrative privileges.
The device has been tested to bind with the following LDAP servers in
supported configurations:
➤ Active Directory Domain Services on Windows Server 2008
SP2 Server Standard/Enterprise
Update to add support for TLS 1.1 and TLS 1.2 in Windows
Server 2008 SP2
➤ CentOS Directory Server 8.1 on CentOS 5.5-5.6
SEL cannot guarantee that the device will be compatible with all possible
NOTE: This device is not compatible
with LDAP deployments that permit LDAP server architectures and implementations. Commissioning and
commas in usernames. configuration of an LDAP server typically requires advanced knowledge of
certificate authority hierarchies and centralized user group configurations. It is
important that an organization’s LDAP server administrators be involved
during the design and implementation process to ensure that the device
settings will be compatible with your organization’s specific trust
management infrastructure.
Hosts
The device needs to know the name and IP address of your LDAP server to
know how to contact it. Select Hosts from the navigation panel on your
webpage to view and edit the Hosts settings, see Figure 3.3.
Figure 3.3 Host Settings
The Host Settings page provides a method to statically map IP addresses with
external device hostnames such as your LDAP servers. To map an IP address
to a hostname, select Add Host. The SEL-2730M supports as many as 64
hosts.
LDAP Certificates
LDAP requires X.509 authentication to create binds (authenticated
connections) between the server and client. This is to ensure that attackers are
not spoofing the authentication server to gain unauthorized access. The device
requires that the root certificate of the LDAP server’s certificate chain is stored
locally.
LDAP Settings
Now that your device knows who and where your LDAP servers are, we can
configure the device to access those servers. Select Accounts / LDAP in the
navigation panel on your webpage to view the LDAP configuration (see
Figure 3.4).

3.6 Managing Users
Figure 3.4 LDAP Configuration Summary
Figure 3.5 shows the LDAP Connection Settings form and all the options for
communicating with your LDAP servers. To simplify configuration, we have
included a form for your LDAP administrators to complete, which you can use
to populate all the LDAP fields. This form is in Appendix D: Lightweight
Directory Access Protocol.

Managing Users 3.7
Figure 3.5 LDAP Communication Settings
The LDAP Enabled setting must be set checked to make centrally managed
accounts available to the SEL-2730M for logins. When LDAP is enabled, if
the credentials entered by the user are not found in the locally configured
accounts on the SEL-2730M, it will next consult the enterprise directory by
using LDAP to attempt to authenticate the user. If LDAP authentication is
successful, the directory service will supply user attributes that indicate the
privilege level of the user when logging in to this device.
The TLS Required setting determines whether the connection to the LDAP
server will be protected by a TLS session. Using TLS requires that the LDAP
server be provided with a suitable X.509 server certificate and that the
SEL-2730M import a suitable CA or server certificate.
The Synchronization Interval setting exists to reduce the overhead
associated with pulling account information from an LDAP server. The device
locally caches the credentials and privileges of centralized users for the period
of time configured. The synchronization interval is settable from 0 to 24
hours. If the synchronization interval is set to 0, then the device will
resynchronize on every login. The synchronization interval exists to speed up
the login process. The SEL-2730M will continue to verify the authenticity of
users against the central directory even if their privilege information is locally
cached.

3.8 Managing Users
NOTE: The Internet-Draft RFC 2307

Group Membership Attribute, Search Base, User ID Filter, and
specifies that the groupOfMembers Group Filter settings are used by the SEL-2730M to construct queries to
object class can also be used as the the LDAP server to locate the user and then to verify his credentials. The
convenient structural class for the
LDAP entries of the group service. exact form and content of these items must be carefully entered from
Such group entries can then have information supplied by the LDAP administrator. Using the form in
member attribute values specifying
group membership in Distinguished Appendix D: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is recommended to
Names (DNs). LDAP clients support collect this information.
such group entries and use the
member attribute values for group The Search Base can be thought of as the root directory to begin your
membership resolution.
user search from. It is formed by listing all the components of the search
The LDAP clients also support group
entries that use the base separated by commas going from the most specific component to the
groupOfUniqueNames object class broadest component. In the figure above, the Search Base is configured as
and the uniqueMember attribute.
However, using this object class and
“DC=centralauth,DC=local.” In this search base, DC refers to domain
attribute is not recommended. component. The domain components are later combined with “.” to create
The existing method of defining the the search domain. In this case, the search domain is centralauth.local.
group entries with the posixGroup This search base can be interpreted to mean “search the directory residing
object class and the memberUid
attribute is still supported. on an LDAP server in the centralauth.local domain.”
One other common component of LDAP queries is CN. The component
CN is short for “common name.” It is a name that refers to a specific
NOTE: The broader your search
base, the more users/groups may be object that may or may not be unique. Examples of CNs are groups and
able to access the device. Broader user names.
search bases can take significantly
more time to search than search The User ID and Group Member attributes are the LDAP labels that
bases that use more specific
organizational units or groups. identify the usernames and groups of users of the system. If these are not
correctly entered, the device will not be able to determine which LDAP
fields to search for usernames or privileges. The User ID should be
configured similar to (sAMAccountName={USERNAME}) or
(uid={USERNAME}). In these examples, “sAMAccountName” or “uid”
is the name of the attribute on the directory server that identifies the
ownership of a user account. The {USERNAME} portion of the User ID
is the variable that holds the username of the person attempting to log in
to the device. For example, if the User ID were configured as
(sAMAccountName={USERNAME}), and a person with the username
jsmith were to attempt to log in to the device, then the device would
search the LDAP directory for an entry with a sAMAccountName
attribute that contained a value of “jsmith”. This field is extendable, so
you can search for entries matching multiple criteria. For example, the
search field “(&(sAMAccountName={USERNAME})
(memberOf=cn=activeusers,dc=your,dc=domain))” would only allow
access to users with a valid username who are members of the active users
group of your domain.
The Use Anonymous Bind setting determines how the SEL-2730M accesses
the LDAP server. The device supports both authenticated and anonymous
binds to your LDAP servers. Authenticated binds use a service account to
access the LDAP server. If the service account is revoked, or the password
expires, the device will not be able to access the LDAP server, and centralized
users will be unable to access the device. Anonymous binds forgo the use of
service accounts. Find out from your LDAP administrator which method is
preferred for your system.
If you do not use anonymous bind, you will need to supply the service account
username in the Bind DN field, and you will need to supply the password in
the Bind DN Password fields.
LDAP Servers
The Configured Servers section lists the LDAP servers that the SEL-2730M
will use to authenticate logins.

Managing Users 3.9
To improve availability when the primary LDAP server may be inaccessible,

the device supports accessing a secondary LDAP server. To add an LDAP
server, select the plus ( ) button below the Configured Servers table. This
will add a new row to the table. Enter the hostname and port number of your
server, and select Submit (see Figure 3.6).
Figure 3.6 Adding an LDAP Server
LDAP servers are identified by their hostname and port numbers. Use
Port 389 unless a different port number is specified by your LDAP
administrator. This information should be obtained from your LDAP
administrators using the form found in Appendix D: Lightweight Directory
Access Protocol.
The device allows for two LDAP servers to be configured for redundancy and
increased reliability. LDAP servers are assigned a priority and will be queried
in their order of priority until the user accessing the device is found, or the list
has been exhausted.
Group Mappings
The device has specific device roles that can be mapped to LDAP group
memberships on the Group Maps tab. The view shown in Figure 3.7 has a
single group defined for administrators.
Figure 3.7 Group Mappings Showing a Single Group
Select the plus ( ) button at the end of the table to configure a new group
mapping in a new row of the table. On the new table row, select the device role
from the drop-down list in the left column. You can enter the Mapped DN
string yourself, or you can select the list icon at the end of the Mapped DN
field. When you select the list icon, the SEL-2730M will query your LDAP
server and then show a hierarchical tree of directory groups that can be
searched using your Search Base. Scroll through the tree as necessary to find
the correct group, select it with a mouse click, and select Submit. Opening a
new row in the table is shown in Figure 3.8.

3.10 Managing Users
Figure 3.8 Adding a New Role
To expand the tree of groups for a row of the table, select the list icon at the
right end of the Mapped DN field in the table. Selecting the icon again will
close the tree of groups. Figure 3.9 shows the tree of possible groups that
appears after selecting the list icon.
Figure 3.9 Selecting a Group From the Tree Display
If you cannot find an appropriate group, your server administrator may need to
create new groups and assign members appropriate for these mappings. Work
with your LDAP administrator to determine group mappings using the form
found in Appendix D: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.
The last tab on the LDAP page is Flush LDAP User Cache. Selecting the
Flush Cache button flushes the LDAP user cache, which will cause all LDAP
users to be logged out of the device and will force authentication information
to be refreshed from the server on each account’s next login.
RADIUS The SEL-2730M supports the basic NAS client authentication functionality of
the RADIUS protocol. By configuring the RADIUS settings, a user can log in
using credentials not stored in the Local Users table on the SEL-2730M. The
SEL-2730M also supports two-factor authentication through RADIUS.

Managing Users 3.11
There are three types of settings used by the RADIUS feature on the
SEL-2730M:
➤ RADIUS Protocol settings (see RADIUS Protocol Settings)
viewable on the Configuration page and configurable through
the use of the RADIUS Connection Settings page under the
RADIUS navigation menu link
➤ Hosts (required if a hostname is used in hostname setting in
Configured Server) located on the Hosts page
➤ X.509 Certificates (required if an EAP Authentication Protocol
is used) located on the X.509 Certificates page
SEL cannot guarantee that the device will be compatible with all possible
RADIUS server architectures and implementations.
The RADIUS page on the SEL-2730M is divided into three tabs, as shown in
Figure 3.10: Configuration for viewing RADIUS settings, RADIUS
Connection Settings for configuring RADIUS settings, and Download
Dictionary for downloading the RADIUS dictionary file. You can access
these tabs by selecting on the RADIUS navigation menu item under
Accounts.
Figure 3.10 RADIUS Webpage
RADIUS Protocol Settings

The RADIUS settings are divided into three categories: general, additional
(for EAP protocols), and configured servers. Figure 3.11 shows the RADIUS
Connection Settings tab.

3.12 Managing Users
Figure 3.11 RADIUS Protocol Settings
General RADIUS settings that appear in the web interface, configuration file,
and ACSELERATOR QuickSet SEL-5030 Software are listed in Table 3.1.
Configuration file and QuickSet-only settings are listed in Table 3.2.
Table 3.1 General RADIUS Settings (Sheet 1 of 2)
Settings Valid Values Default Feedback Rules Description
Enable Enabled, Disabled — — Enables RADIUS for

RADIUS Disabled authenticating users log-
ging in to the
SEL-2730M.
Retransmission 1–10 seconds 1 second — — If the SEL-2730M does
Timeout not receive a response
from the active RADIUS
server within the set Tim-
eout amount of seconds,
it makes another attempt
(up to the value of the
Attempts setting [see
Table 3.2]). The total
time-out period for a
login attempt is Attempts
* Retransmission Time-
out * the number of con-
figured RADIUS servers.

Managing Users 3.13
Table 3.1 General RADIUS Settings (Sheet 2 of 2)
Authentication PAP, PAP — — The authentication proto-

Protocol EAP-PEAPv0/ col that defines how the
MSCHAPv2, SEL-2730M authenti-
EAP-TTLS/PAP cates with the RADIUS
server.
SEL recommends using
an EAP protocol for
enhanced security.
Shared Secret 1–128 printable If RADIUS is enabled with Required upon Shared secret between
ASCII characters no shared secret: enabling RADIUS for the SEL-2730M and the
Shared secret is the first time. The set- RADIUS server.
required because no ting appears empty This value must be the
shared secret previ- when the page loads. If same between the
ously configured. the user does not suc- SEL-2730M and the
If the shared secret is too cessfully submit a new RADIUS server.
long: shared secret, the last SEL recommends using
The shared secret shared secret continues long shared secrets.
can’t be more than to be used.
128 characters.
Confirm Same as shared If different than shared Must be identical to —
Shared Secret secret secret: the shared secret.
The shared secret and
confirm shared secret
settings do not
match.
Table 3.2 General RADIUS Settings (XML/QuickSet Only)
Attempts 1–10 3 — — Number of authentication attempts to make to the

RADIUS server. If the SEL-2730M does not receive a
response within the time-out period, the SEL-2730M
sends another identical request. The SEL-2730M may
not receive a response for various reasons, including the
RADIUS server being offline or unreachable or the
request packet being discarded or lost by the network.
Anonymous 1–128 printable anonymous — — Value sent as the username if Don’t send username in
ID ASCII characters cleartext is enabled.
EAP protocols also have two additional settings, as listed in Table 3.3. SEL
recommends enabling these settings if the RADIUS server supports them.
These do not apply if the PAP authentication protocol is selected.
Table 3.3 Additional Settings for EAP Protocols
Valid
Setting Default Feedback Rules Description
Values
Don’t send user- Enabled, Disabled — — The username is normally sent in clear text in the User-Name
name in cleartext Disabled attribute or Identity field (for EAP protocols). If this setting is
enabled, then the SEL-2730M sends “anonymous” instead of the
username (see Anonymous ID in Table 3.2).
Validate server Enabled, Enabled — — As part of setting up the TLS connection, the RADIUS server
hostname against Disabled sends a certificate to the SEL-2730M. One of the attributes of
common name this certificate is the common name. If this setting is enabled, the
SEL-2730M checks the server hostname as entered into the host-
name setting on the RADIUS page and the common name in the
X.509 certificate and rejects any login attempt from that
RADIUS server if they are not identical.

3.14 Managing Users
Configured server settings are listed in Table 3.4. There are no default values
for the Hostname or Port setting.
Table 3.4 Configured Servers Settings
Setting Valid Values Feedback Rules Description
Hostname The hostname as listed in the host — — The address at or

table or the IP address through which the
SEL-2730M may reach
the RADIUS server.
The hostname only
needs to be present on
the Hosts page when the
SEL-2730M is contact-
ing that RADIUS
server.
Port 1–65535 (typically 1812) — — The UDP port at or
through which the
SEL-2730M can reach
the RADIUS server.
At least the primary server (Priority 1) must be configured. You can optionally
add a backup server (Priority 2). The SEL-2730M first attempts to contact the
primary server (Priority 1), and if no responses are received, it attempts to
contact the backup server (Priority 2) if one is configured. If no servers are
configured during the time RADIUS is enabled, then the feedback is as
follows:
At least one configured server required
You can enter a hostname, as entered in the Hosts page, or an IP address, into
the Hostname setting and the appropriate authentication port into the Port
setting. This is typically 1812. To add a backup server, select the plus ( )
button and enter the hostname and port. The hostname does not have to be
present on the Hosts page when entered, but the SEL-2730M skips any server
with a hostname that is not present on the Hosts page. The primary and
backup server information must be unique (i.e., the hostname and either the IP
address that the hostname resolves to or the port must be different). If the
configured servers are identical, the feedback is as follows:
Configured servers must be unique. Either the hostname, and
their resolved IP addresses, or the ports must be different
Select the button to delete a server.
SEL-User-Role VSA
Similar to logging in through LDAP or through a Local User, the user does not
select their role. The RADIUS server determines the user role through the
reply message. To successfully authenticate a user, the RADIUS server must
return the user role in the format accepted by the SEL-2730M. This format is
defined by an SEL vendor attribute SEL-User-Role, which can be downloaded
by selecting Download Dictionary at the top of the RADIUS page.

Managing Users 3.15
Figure 3.12 Download Dictionary
Setting up RADIUS
On the SEL-2730M
When enabling RADIUS, you must configure the RADIUS Shared Secret
setting (configured on the RADIUS server) and have at least one configured
server with a defined Hostname or IP address and the UDP port. If you are
using a hostname, add the appropriate hostname and IP address to the Hosts
page. If you are using an EAP protocol, you must have the appropriate X.509
certificate added to the X.509 Certificate page. To enable RADIUS, select the
Enable RADIUS check box on the RADIUS page, configure the settings, and
select Submit. RADIUS is then enabled and ready for the next login attempt.
On the RADIUS Server

The RADIUS server must be configured with the same shared secret and
configured to return the appropriate SEL-User-Role attribute for each user.
RADIUS Attributes
In addition to the RADIUS attributes defined by the authentication protocol,
the SEL-2730M supports three other attributes, listed in Table 3.5. These
appear in each request message to the RADIUS server.
Table 3.5 Additional Request Attributes
Attribute Value
NAS-IP-Address The IP address of the port through which the SEL-2730M con-
tacts the server (i.e., the IP address of the front- or rear-panel
ports)
NAS-Identifier The hostname setting as configured on the IP Configuration
page
Calling-Station-Id The IP address of the user logging in to the SEL-2730M
For example, if a user on a computer with an IP address of 172.16.0.150

attempts to log in to an SEL-2730M with a hostname of SEL1162641127,
which then contacts the RADIUS server through an interface/port with an IP
address of 172.16.1.100, the NAS-IP-address, NAS-Identifier, and Calling-
Station-Id in the request message are 172.16.1.100, SEL1162641127, and
172.16.0.150, respectively.
Communications
Using PAP as an example, when a user attempts to log in to the SEL-2730M,
the SEL-2730M sends an Access-Request to the RADIUS server with the
username and the hashed password. When using EAP protocols, certificates

3.16 Managing Users
are exchanged so that the RADIUS communications are encrypted. If the

RADIUS server authenticates the users, it replies with an Access-Accept
message that includes the user role of the user in the SEL-User-Role VSA.
The RADIUS server may respond with additional attributes, which the
SEL-2730M ignores. The SEL-2730M then accepts the login attempt, logging
in the user with the user role specified in the SEL-User-Role VSA returned by
the RADIUS server. The login attempt is rejected if the RADIUS server
returns any other message, such as an Access-Reject message, or if the
Access-Accept message does not contain a valid user role in the SEL-User-
Role VSA. If the RADIUS server does not respond, the SEL-2730M attempts
to contact the backup server (if configured). If the SEL-2730M received no
responses, the login is rejected. Figure 3.13 shows an example of this process
for an authorized user with the user role of Engineer (Alice) and an
unauthorized user (Bob).
Engineering Station
RADIUS Server
RADIUS Client
SEL-2730M SEL-3355
Log in as Alice
Access-Request with
username and password
Alice logged in
as Engineer Access-Accept with
user role of Engineer
Log in as Bob
Access-Request with
username and password
Login refused Access-Reject
Figure 3.13 RADIUS Login Process (One-Factor)
When two-factor authentication is used, the user first generates or receives a

token. This may be on a keychain or a smart phone. The user then appends this
token to their password when logging in to the SEL-2730M. The SEL-2730M
contacts the RADIUS server with the username and the password (i.e., the
combination of the user’s password and the token). The RADIUS server may
proxy the request to another server to perform the two-factor authentication.
Figure 3.14 shows an example of the two-factor login process.

Managing Users 3.17
Engineering Station
RADIUS Server
RADIUS Client
SEL-2730M SEL-3355
Log in as Alice with

password and good token
Access-Request with
username, password, and token
Alice logged in
with user role Access-Accept with user role
Log in as Alice with

password and bad token
Access-Request with
username, password, and token
Login refused Access-Reject
Figure 3.14 RADIUS Login Process (Two-Factor)
Events
If the SEL-2730M does not receive a response within the time-out period, the
SEL-2730M logs the following event:
Rejected login attempt because no response from the RADIUS
server received within the retransmission timeout
The SEL-2730M rejects the login attempt if all attempts time out.
The RADIUS server authenticates and logs a user in by responding to the
SEL-2730M request with a user role in the response. The user role must be
one of the four supported on the SEL-2730M. If there is no user role in the
response accept message, the SEL-2730M rejects the login attempt and sends
the following event:
Rejected login attempt by user <username> because RADIUS
server <priority> replied without an SEL-User-Role attribute
If the user role is not recognized, the SEL-2730M rejects the login attempt and
sends the following event:
Rejected login attempt by user <username> because RADIUS
server <priority> replied with an SEL-User-Role attribute
containing an unrecognized user role
The SEL-2730M attempts to use the primary server (Priority 1) first. If all
attempts to contact the primary RADIUS server fail, and the backup server
(Priority 2) is configured, the SEL-2730M logs the following event and then
attempts to contact the backup server (Priority 2):
Active RADIUS server is now 2
At the next login attempt, the SEL-2730M again attempts to connect to the
primary server (Priority 1) first.

3.18 Managing Users
The EAP authentication protocols have additional optional checks. During the
initial handshake, the RADIUS server sends its X.509 certificate. If the user
has enabled the Validate server hostname against common name setting,
and the hostname does not match the common name, the SEL-2730M rejects
the login attempt and logs the following event:
Rejected login attempt because the common name in the X.509
certificate sent by the RADIUS server <priority> did not match
the hostname of the RADIUS server on the RADIUS page
If the certificate sent by the RADIUS server has an authority issue, the
SEL-2730M rejects the login attempt and logs the following event:
Reject login attempt because RADIUS server <priority> sent an
X.509 certificate with an unknown or untrusted certificate
authority
If the X.509 time is incorrect (e.g., expired), the SEL-2730M rejects the login
attempt and logs the following event:
Rejected login attempt because RADIUS server <priority> sent
an expired or not yet valid X.509 certificate
If a user enables, disables, or modifies one or more RADIUS settings, the

SEL-2730M logs the following events:
<username> at <user_ip> enabled RADIUS
<username> at <user_ip> disabled RADIUS
<username> at <user_ip> modified RADIUS settings
For a complete list of all events including those for RADIUS, see Appendix E:
Syslog.

Section 4
Job Done Examples
Introduction
This section contains Job Done examples for the SEL-2730M. All Job Done
examples assume that the device has already been commissioned.
➤ Example 1: Create VLANs to Effectively Manage Network
Traffic on page 4.1
➤ Example 2: Configure RSTP Network Topology on page 4.6
➤ Example 3: SNMP Monitoring From a Central Location on
page 4.7
Job Done Example 1

Create VLANs to VLANs provide benefits such as segmentation of network traffic at the
message and network level. For Engineering Access applications, such as
Effectively Manage Telnet and SSH, VLANs can segregate Engineering Access between a
Network Traffic workstation and a relay, and thus force traffic through a firewall device to
perform packet inspection to ensure the traffic is allowed between network
segments. VLANs also provide benefit in limiting traffic to a specific
broadcast domain. For example, broadcast and multicast traffic will only be
sent to devices within the same VLAN, limiting the traffic load of devices that
may not need to receive this type of traffic from other devices. Grouping
devices into VLANs can help improve network performance. With IEC 61850
GOOSE messaging, messages are assigned to a VLAN and are only sent to
other devices within the VLAN associated with the GOOSE message.
Identifying the Your objective is to create VLANs to separate devices and GOOSE messages
to effectively and securely manage network traffic. Figure 4.1 is the logical
Problem network diagram that was provided to you, and your job is to configure
VLANs on the SEL-2730M to implement this network configuration.

4.2 Job Done Examples
Job Done Example 1
WAN
SEL-3620
Eth1.10—192.168.10.1/24
Eth1.20—192.168.20.1/24
Eth1.30—192.168.30.1/24
Port 8 SEL-2730M–1 SEL-2730M–2

Port 2 Port 2
SEL-2730M SEL-2730M
Port 9 Port 10 Port 11 Port 20 Port 21
Default VLAN: VID 10
GOOSE Message 100: VID 100
GOOSE Message 101: VID 101 Default VLAN: VID 10
GOOSE Message 102: VID 102 GOOSE Message 100: VID 100 Default VLAN: VID 10
Default VLAN: VID 20 GOOSE Message 103: VID 103 GOOSE Message 101: VID 101 GOOSE Message 103: VID 103
IP: 192.168.20.10/24 GOOSE Message 104: VID 104 GOOSE Message 102: VID 102 GOOSE Message 104: VID 104
SEL-3354 Protective Relay Protective Relay Protective Relay
Relay-1 Relay-2 Relay-3

IP: 192.168.10.10/24 IP: 192.168.10.11/24 IP: 192.168.10.12/24
Default VLAN: VID 30

IP: 192.168.30.10/24
Figure 4.1 Network Diagram
The following VLANs are needed to support this configuration.
Table 4.1 VLANs for Job Done Example 1
VLAN ID VLAN Name
10 Relay LAN
20 SCADA LAN
30 Engineering Access LAN
100 GOOSE Message 100
Access between VLANs 10, 20, and 30 are firewalled using an SEL-3620 to
perform packet inspection. The SEL-3620 is configured with three sub-
interfaces on Eth1 to provide routing between each VLAN segment.

Job Done Examples 4.3
Job Done Example 1
VLANs 100–104 are used specifically for GOOSE messaging and therefore
do not require routing to the SEL-3620. The VLAN configuration in this Job
Done example allows GOOSE messaging between relays as follows:
➤ Relay-1: Send/Receive GOOSE messages with VIDs 100–104
Configure VLANs on Step 1. Log in to the SEL-2730M–1 web management interface and
navigate to Global Settings.
SEL-2730M–1
Step 2. Check VLAN-aware and select the Submit button.
Step 3. Navigate to VLAN Settings and select the plus ( ) button
beneath the VLAN table to add a new VLAN.
Step 4. Enter the configuration in Table 4.2. You may see feedback
such as “A port can only exist in the untagged column for one
VLAN.” when entering the information for each VLAN. You
can ignore these prompts because the SEL-2730M automatically
updates the VID to 1 to remove duplicates when you submit the
page.
Table 4.2 VLAN 10 Configuration
VID VLAN Name Tagged Ports Untagged Ports
10 Relay LAN 2, 8 11
Step 5. Select the plus ( ) button again to add a new VLAN.

Step 6. Enter the configuration in Table 4.3.
20 SCADA LAN 8 9

30 Engineering Access LAN 8 10

100 GOOSE Message 100 2, 11 None

Job Done Example 1
Step 18. Enter the configuration in Table 4.9 and select Submit to create
all the new VLANs.
The completed VLAN configuration on SEL-2730M–1 is displayed in

Figure 4.2.
Figure 4.2 SEL-2730M–1 VLAN Configuration
Configure VLANs on Step 1. Log in to the SEL-2730M–2 web management interface and
navigate to Global Settings.
SEL-2730M–2
Step 2. Check VLAN-aware and select the Submit button.
Step 3. Navigate to VLAN Settings and select the plus ( ) button
beneath the VLAN table to add a new VLAN.

Job Done Example 1
10 Relay LAN 2 20, 21



Step 14. Enter the configuration in Table 4.15 and select Submit to
create all the new VLANs.
The completed VLAN configuration on SEL-2730M–2 is displayed in

Figure 4.3.

Job Done Example 2
Figure 4.3 SEL-2730M–2 VLAN Configuration
Job Done Example 2

Configure RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) is designed to provide loop-free
redundant paths to end devices. Without RSTP, network loops would be
Network Topology present on the network and communications would be impacted by Ethernet
frames circulating endlessly throughout the network. RSTP ensures a loop-
free network and provides an alternative path to take in the event of a network
failure.
Identifying the Your objective is to configure the RSTP settings of the SEL-2730M devices in
the network diagram pictured in Figure 4.4. SEL-2730M-1 has been chosen to
Problem be the root bridge in the network topology and is connected to two
SEL-2730M devices, providing redundant communications paths for end
devices. SEL-2730M-2 and SEL-2730M-3 are connected to each other,
providing a redundant communications path. End devices connected to either
SEL-2730M-2 or SEL-2730M-3 have two communications paths available.
One is listed as the Active RSTP Link, and the other is listed as the Blocking
RSTP Link. The Active RSTP Links are the paths that communications follow
unless there is a link or device failure impacting those communications paths.
In the event of such a failure, the Blocking RSTP Link becomes active.
Without RSTP, the network topology depicted in the figure below would have
a loop, which would be detrimental to the network.
Port 9: DP Port 10: DP

SEL-2730M
SEL-2730M-1
(Root Bridge)
Port 9: RP Port 9: RP
SEL-2730M SEL-2730M
SEL-2730M-2 SEL-2730M-3
(Designated Bridge) (Designated Bridge)
RP = Root Port Active RSTP Link

DP = Designated Port Blocking RSTP Link
Figure 4.4 RSTP Network Topology
The root bridge is the logical center of the network. There is always exactly
one root bridge at any given time within the network. The root bridge of the
network is determined by selecting the device with the lowest bridge ID.
RSTP selects the lowest bridge ID by comparing the bridge priority first and
selecting the lowest value. If two devices have equal lowest bridge priority
values, then the MAC addresses are compared next and the device with the
lowest MAC address will be selected as the root bridge. To guarantee that a

Job Done Example 3
device will be the root bridge within the network, the bridge priority value
must be set to a lower value than all other RSTP-capable devices in the
network. Careful network planning is crucial when deciding on the selection
of the root bridge.
Configure RSTP on Step 1. Log in to SEL-2730M-1 and make sure RSTP is enabled on the
Global Settings page. RSTP is enabled by default.
SEL-2730M–1
Step 2. Navigate to RSTP Settings under Switch Management and
select Edit RSTP Settings.
Step 3. Because SEL-2730M-1 is the root bridge in the spanning tree
topology, the bridge priority must be set to a lower value than
any other switch participating in the spanning tree topology.
For this example, set the Bridge Priority value for
SEL-2730M-1 to 8192. Leave the remaining settings on this
page at their default settings.
Step 4. The following message should now be displayed at the top of
the RSTP Settings page when the device determines it is the
Root Bridge in the spanning tree topology.
NOTE: It may take a few seconds for
the status of the spanning tree
topology to refresh and the message
to appear.
Figure 4.5 RSTP Root Bridge Notification
Job Done Example 3

SNMP Monitoring Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) provides a method to monitor
devices from a central location. SNMP capable devices respond to authorized
From a Central SNMP requests with information providing insight on the network topology,
Location network and system statistics, and hardware configuration of a device. SNMP
capable devices can also be configured to send SNMP events, called traps, to a
central location providing event monitoring and correlation across the network
infrastructure.
Identifying the Your objective is to configure the SNMP settings of the SEL-2730M to allow
SNMP requests from a network management system (NMS), and to also
Problem configure SNMP traps to be sent to the NMS. Figure 4.6 is the logical network
diagram that was provided you, and your job is to configure the SNMP
settings on the SEL-2730M to implement this SNMP configuration. It is
assumed that the NMS has already been configured with the SNMP
configuration required to allow this communication to occur. SNMP v3 is
used in this example, but the steps to configure SNMP v1 and v2c are very
similar (see Add v1/v2c Profile on page 5.24).
VPN SEL-3620 LAN

NMS
10.10.10.50 SEL-2730M
MGMT: 10.10.27.30
Figure 4.6 SNMP Network Diagram

Job Done Example 3
Configure SNMP on Step 1. Log in to the SEL-2730M web management interface and
navigate to IP Configuration under Network Settings. Make
the SEL-2730M sure SNMP is listed under Services under the Mgmt interface.
If SNMP is not listed, you will need to enable SNMP by editing
the network interface and selecting SNMP.
Step 2. Navigate to SNMP Settings under Network Settings and select
Edit Hosts. The Edit Hosts page allows you to limit access to
the SNMP service of the SEL-2730M by entering allowed hosts
or networks. In this example, we will be limiting access to only
allow the NMS with an IP address of 10.10.10.50. Enter the
configuration shown below and select Submit.
Figure 4.7 Edit Hosts Configuration
Step 3. Select the Add v3 Profile tab at the top of the SNMP Settings
page. Configure the SNMP v3 settings as shown below (enter
an Authentication Password and Encryption Password of
your choice) and select Submit. These settings must match the
SNMP v3 configuration on the NMS.
Figure 4.8 SNMP v3 Profile
Step 4. Select the Add Trap Server tab at the top of the SNMP
Settings page and configure the settings as shown below. This
configuration will send Authentication, Configuration, Port
Security, and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol SNMP traps to the
NMS at 10.10.10.50.

Job Done Example 3
Figure 4.9 Add Trap Server

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Section 5
Settings and Commands
Introduction
This section explains the settings and commands of the device.
➤ Reports on page 5.2
➢ Syslog Report
➢ MAC Address Table
➤ Switch Management on page 5.4
➢ VLAN Settings
➢ RSTP Settings
➢ Multicast MAC Filtering
➢ Port Mirroring
➢ Port Monitor
➢ Port Settings
➢ Priority Settings
➤ Network Settings on page 5.20
➢ IP Configuration
➢ SNMP Settings
➢ Syslog Settings
➢ Hosts
➤ Accounts on page 5.29
➢ Local Users
➤ Security on page 5.29
➢ X.509 Certificates
➢ MAC-Based Port Security
➤ System on page 5.31
➢ Global Settings
➢ Date/Time
➢ Alarm Contact
➢ Usage Policy
➢ File Management
➢ Device Reset

5.2 Settings and Commands
Reports
Reports
Syslog Report The SEL-2730M uses the Syslog message format to record event data. The
device has storage for 60,000 of these messages. The device can also forward
Syslog messages to three destinations.
The Syslog message format includes five fields:
➤ Severity
➤ Facility
➤ Tag name
➤ Timestamp
➤ Message
A message can have seven different severity ratings, ranging from

informational to emergency. There are three possible facilities on the device:
user, system, and security. The Tag field indicates which part of the system
generated the message. The Timestamp and Message fields include the time
stamp of when the message was generated and the message description. For
more information about Syslog, refer to Appendix E: Syslog.
Select the Syslog Report link from the navigation panel to show the local
system logs of the device (see Figure 5.1).

Settings and Commands 5.3
Reports
Figure 5.1 Sample Syslog Report
Device system logs are displayed in the order of their generation. Select a field
label at the top of the list to reorder the messages according to the value of that
field. For example, selecting the Severity label reorders the list by severity.
Event messages in the device have two states: unacknowledged and
acknowledged. These two states exist to make identification of abnormal event
generation easier. Large numbers of unacknowledged messages can indicate
high levels of activity on the device.
Message acknowledgment also assists with log documentation. In your
periodic examination of logs, acknowledge existing logs. When you examine
logs in the future, the previously acknowledged logs limit the logs of concern
to only those logs the device has generated since the last examination.
Select the Acknowledge Selected button to acknowledge selected system
logs. All system logs can be acknowledged by selecting the Acknowledge All
button. You cannot remove system logs from the device without issuing a
factory-default reset.
The Download button allows you to save log messages in an offline format.

Switch Management
MAC Address Table The SEL-2730M can report the device MAC Address attached to each port.
The report can be sorted by:
➤ Address
➤ Port
➤ Alias
➤ Type
➢ Learned: Learned by the switch
➢ Static: Manually input multicast MAC filter
➢ Secure - User Set: Manually input by user on
MAC-based port security
➤ Multicast
The report can also be downloaded into a comma-separated value table for
local storage or export.
Figure 5.2 Sample MAC Address Table Report
Select a field label at the top of the report to reorder the messages according to
the value of that field. For example, selecting the Address label reorders the
list by Address first and Port second.
The Download button allows you to save the table output in an offline format.
Switch Management
VLAN Settings When the device is not in VLAN-aware mode, VLAN settings can be viewed
but not modified. To modify VLAN settings, make sure VLAN-aware mode is
enabled and the account accessing the device has the appropriate role

Switch Management
assigned. Refer to Global Settings on page 5.31 for information on enabling

VLAN-aware mode. The switch supports a shared VLAN learning (SVL)
architecture, so the MAC addresses of hosts are learned and shared across all
VLANs. Therefore, the switch expects that each host has a unique MAC
address, even if those hosts are on different VLANs. Using SVL reduces
flooding when learning MAC addresses, which in turn reduces network
burden.
Table 5.1 VLAN Settings
Field Name Values Default Description
VID 1 to 4094 N/A The VLAN Identifier (VID) identifies

the VLAN in IEEE 802.1Q-2005
tagged frames.
VLAN Name 0 to 64 characters N/A User-defined name of the VLAN.
Tagged Ports Available ports N/A Tagged ports determines which ports
can ingress and egress frames for the
VLAN. Tagged ports are sometimes
called Trunk Ports. Tagged ports can
be used to connect to a VLAN-aware
device, or to another switch.
Untagged Ports Available ports N/A Untagged ports tags all untagged
frames with the VID of the VLAN
they are associated with when
ingressing from the ports and untags
all tagged frames when egressing to
the ports. Untagged ports are used to
connect to non-VLAN-aware devices.
VLAN View
The VLAN View page (Figure 5.3) shows a table that provides a VLAN-
centric view of the configuration of VLANs and the member ports. The fields
of the table can be edited, and the Submit button at the bottom of the page
used to apply the finished set of changes to the configuration of the VLANs.
In the VLAN view, groups of VLANs with similar settings are shown as a
VID range.
Figure 5.3 VLAN View
To edit a VLAN entry, select the table item to be changed and edit the data.
The affected table item will be highlighted, and an undo link will appear next
to it to allow you to revert the change. Selecting the Submit button at the
bottom of the page will apply all the edited changes to the VLAN
configuration. Figure 5.4 shows an example where several fields have been
edited but not yet applied.

Switch Management
Figure 5.4 Editing VLAN Settings
To delete a VLAN entry, select the button in the last column of the table.
To edit a VLAN in a group, select the edit ( ) button in the last column of
the entry, enter the VLAN number, and then make the necessary changes in
the table row that is added for that VLAN. Figure 5.5 shows how to select the
VLAN that you wish to edit.
Figure 5.5 Editing a VLAN Within a Range
To delete a VLAN group (single row of the VLAN table), select the Port
View tab and delete the affected VID range from the Allowed VIDs column
for the affected ports.
Tagged Ports
The Tagged Ports column lists those ports that can send or receive frames for
a given VLAN to another VLAN-aware switch or device. Devices capable of
IEEE 802.1Q-2005 VLAN tagging, such as switches and GOOSE-capable
IEDs, transmit frames with a VID assigned to the frame. This is commonly
referred to as VLAN tagging. For the device to allow a frame with a VLAN
tag to be sent or received from a port, that port must be configured as a
Tagged Port for the VLAN indicated by the tag.
One example of using VLAN tagging is to create a trunk link between
switches. A trunk link is a physical link between two switches that can pass
traffic among multiple VLANs. Figure 5.6 shows an example of two switches
using port 1 as a trunk link carrying VLANs 100, 101, and 102. To configure
this, each switch would need to add Port 1 as a Tagged Port for VLANs 100,
101, and 102.

Switch Management
SEL-2730M
Port 1 Switch #1
VLANs 100, 101, 102

Port 1
SEL-2730M
Switch #2
Figure 5.6 Switch Trunk Link
Another example of using VLAN tagging is with the IEC 61850 GOOSE
protocol. IEDs tag GOOSE messages with a VID. For these GOOSE
messages to be sent or received with another switch, you must configure the
port used to connect to the other switch or VLAN-aware device as a Tagged
Port for the VID tag of the GOOSE frame. In the example shown in
Figure 5.7, two IEDs use GOOSE messages tagged with VIDs 200, 201, and
202 to communicate through the switch. In this example, the configuration of
the switch must have Ports 9 and 10 listed as Tagged Ports for VLANs 200,
201, and 202 for the GOOSE messages to pass through the switch between the
two VLAN-aware IEDs.
SEL-2730M
Port 9 Port 10
GOOSE Messages With
GOOSE Messages With

VIDs 200, 201, 202
VIDs 200, 201, 202
SEL IED SEL IED
Figure 5.7 GOOSE Message
Untagged Ports
Devices that are not VLAN-aware can still participate in a VLAN if the switch
is configured to associate their traffic with a VLAN. Their network frames
need to be assigned a VID associated with other devices within the same
VLAN. Untagged ports perform two actions: (1) they receive untagged frames
from devices connected to the port and apply the VID of the VLAN to which
the port is assigned, and (2) they transmit untagged frames to the devices.
Each port can be assigned as an Untagged Port in one only VLAN.
In the example shown in Figure 5.8, an engineer must log in to the SEL IED to
perform maintenance. Communications from the SEL-3355 to the SEL IED
are untagged, and the ports must be in the same VLAN for the two devices in
this example to communicate. VLAN 7 is used in this example, but any valid

Switch Management
VLAN could be used. In this example, Ports 11 and 12 must be set as

Untagged Ports for VLAN 7, for untagged frames to pass between the two
devices. By default, all ports are assigned to VLAN 1.
Switch tags frame with VID 7 and forwards frame

to Port 12. Frame egresses Port 12 untagged.
SEL-2730M
Port 11 Port 12
Untagged Frames
Untagged Frames
SEL-3355 SEL IED
Figure 5.8 Untagged Ports
Port View
The Port View page (see Figure 5.9) provides a port-centric view of the
VLAN configuration of each port. This page provides an alternative view of
the VLAN configuration for each port.
Figure 5.9 Port View
Add New VLAN

Use the following steps to create a new VLAN on the device.
Step 1. Log in to the device with an Engineer or Administrator
account.
Step 2. Navigate to the VLAN Settings page. When no VLANs have
yet been configured, all ports are assigned as untagged ports to
VLAN 1, the default VLAN.

Switch Management
Step 3. To create a new VLAN, select the plus ( ) button beneath the
VLAN table. A new row will be added to the end of the VLAN
table.
Step 4. Assign a VID, optionally enter a VLAN Name, and assign the
port(s) based on your required configuration. The VLAN
settings table above describes each field.
Rapid Spanning Tree Communications networks are typically designed with ring and mesh
topologies and interconnecting switches to provide network redundancy.
Protocol (RSTP) RSTP is designed to support these network topologies and provide loop-free
Settings redundant paths to end devices. Without these protocols, network loops would
be present on the network and Ethernet frames circulating endlessly
throughout the network would impact communications. RSTP ensures a loop-
free network and provides an alternative path in the event of a network failure.
RSTP is enabled by default on this device. You can disable RSTP through the
Spanning Tree Mode setting on the Global Settings page. Exercise caution
when disabling RSTP, because doing so could introduce network loops.
If RSTP is disabled, the following message displays at the top of the RSTP
Settings page.
Figure 5.10 RSTP Disabled
Settings can be modified while RSTP is disabled; these settings are not active
until you enable RSTP through the Spanning Tree Mode setting in Global
Settings.

Switch Management
Configuration
Figure 5.11 shows the RSTP configuration of the device.
Figure 5.11 RSTP Configuration Page
Bridge ID
The Bridge ID field consists of a combination of the bridge priority and the
bridge MAC address. Each RSTP-capable device in the network has a unique
bridge ID that RSTP uses to determine the root bridge.
Root Bridge
The root bridge is the logical center of the network. There is always exactly
one root bridge at any given time within the network. Determination of the
root bridge of the network occurs through RSTP selection of the device with
the lowest bridge ID. RSTP selects the lowest bridge ID by comparing the
bridge priority first and selecting the lowest value. If two devices have equal
bridge priority values, then RSTP next compares the MAC addresses and
selects the device with the lowest MAC address as the root bridge. To
guarantee a device will be the root bridge within the network, the bridge
priority value must be set to a lower value than all other RSTP-capable devices
in the network. Careful network planning is crucial to selection of the root
bridge.

Switch Management
The following message displays at the top of the RSTP Settings page when
the device is the root bridge in the spanning tree topology.
Figure 5.12 Root Bridge Notification
Root Port
The root port is a port with the shortest path to the root bridge. All RSTP-
enabled devices must have exactly one root port with the exception of the root
bridge, which does not have a root port. If the device is the root bridge, the
root port does not apply and the device displays —.
Time Since Topology Change

The device displays the time since the last topology change occurred.
Common scenarios for a topology change occurring are when a spanning tree
port changes state, or either a power cycle or decommissioning procedure
removes a spanning tree device from the topology.
BPDU Guard Timeout

This interval is the time that a port configured with BPDU Guard will be
disabled before the SEL-2730M attempts to reenable it after the SEL-2730M
receives a BPDU on that port.
Bridge Priority
The bridge priority consists of two components; the bridge priority and the
MAC address.
Hello Time
The hello time is the interval in which the device sends bridge protocol data
units (BPDUs).
Max Age
The max age is the maximum number of hops from the root that an
SEL-2730M accepts a BPDU. If the number of hops from the root bridge
(Message Age) is greater than this setting, the SEL-2730M discards the
BPDU.
Forward Delay
The forward delay is the time that a port must spend in the listening and
learning states before transitioning to forwarding.
The max age and forward delay derive from the root bridge. If the device is
not the root bridge in the spanning tree topology, the device derives these
settings from the root bridge.
Editing RSTP Settings

RSTP Settings are made on the RSTP Settings page. The Edit RSTP
Settings tab (Figure 5.13) is used to edit settings that are common to all ports,
and the Port Settings tab (Figure 5.14) is used to set the STP Mode, the Port
Priority, and Path Cost for each port.

Switch Management
Figure 5.13 Common RSTP Settings
Figure 5.14 shows the Port Settings dialog used to set those RSTP parameters
that are individual for each port.
Figure 5.14 Port RSTP Settings
Table 5.2 RSTP Settings
BPDU Guard 1–60 min 5 min The amount of time that port configured with BPDU Guard will be dis-
Timeout abled after receiving a BPDU frame.
Bridge Priority 0–61440 in incre- 32768 Bridge priority determines the root bridge. The bridge with the lowest
ments of 4096 value becomes the root bridge.
Hello Time 1–10 s 2s Interval in which device sends BPDUs.
Max Age 6–40 20 Maximum number of hops before a BPDU is discarded.
Forward Delay 4–30 s 15 s The time that a port must spend in the listening and learning states before
transitioning to forwarding.
Port Settings
Table 5.3 Port Settings
Priority 0–240 128 Port priority determines which port the device selects as a root port when
there is a tie between two ports. The port with the lower value will become
the root port.
Path Cost 1–200000000 Based on Path cost helps determine which path the device selects to a root bridge. The
port speed device selects paths with the lowest overall cost first.
STP Mode Auto, Fast Port BPDU Auto See below.
Guard, Fast Port, Non-
STP BPDU Guard

Switch Management
Switches communicate RSTP through BPDU frames that travel between

adjacent switches. These frames allow switches to determine the root switch,
as well as the state and role of each port on that root. RSTP is faster than STP
because it uses a proposal/agreement mechanism to quickly move a port into
the forwarding state, thereby quickly enabling communication through that
port. When ports connect to an end device that does not participate in RSTP,
the proposal/agreement mechanism is unavailable, and the switch must rely on
STP timers (in this case, the Forward Delay). With the default Forward Delay
value of 15, the switch takes longer than 15 seconds to transition the port into
the forwarding state. Because no BPDUs have been received, the port is
considered an edge port. After this time-out, the port remains in the
forwarding state (i.e., as an edge port) until the link status toggles or the
switch changes its root port at which time the switch reinitiates the slow
transition into the forwarding state. If a BPDU ingresses into the port, the
switch then removes the edge port status.
To prevent this slow transition into the forwarding state, you can configure the
STP Mode to be either Fast Port BPDU Guard, Fast Port, or Non-STP BPDU
Guard. In these modes, each port transitions quickly to the forwarding state,
but behaves differently in how it reacts to received BPDUs and whether the
switch sends BPDUs out of that port. In Fast Port BPDU Guard or Fast Port
mode, the switch still sends out BPDU packets; in Non-STP BPDU Guard
mode, the switch does not send BPDUs out of the port.
BPDU Guard prevents devices connected to the port from affecting the
spanning tree of the switch. If the switch receives a BPDU on a port with
BPDU Guard enabled, the switch disables that port, preventing traffic from
passing to and from the port. Enabling this setting on every port not connected
to another RSTP switch can help protect against miswirings and malicious
attacks to the spanning tree.
The differences among the four modes are summarized in Table 5.4. Ports of
RSTP switches connected to other RSTP switches should be in Auto STP
Mode. Non-STP BPDU Guard mode is recommended for connections to non-
RSTP switches.
Table 5.4 STP Mode
Switch Sends BPDUs Switch Shuts Off Port Moves Instantly Into the
STP Mode For Connecting to...
Out the Port? if it Receives a BPDU? Forwarding State?
Auto Yes No No RSTP switches

Fast Port BPDU Guard Yes Yes Yes End devices
Fast Port Yes No Yes End devices
Non-STP BPDU Guard No Yes Yes End devices
Multicast MAC The SEL-2730M uses multicast MAC filtering to subscribe multicast traffic to
a group of selected ports. When a multicast frame ingresses a port, the device
Filtering inspects the multicast address to see if it matches any configured multicast
MAC filter. If no match occurs, the device sends the frame to all ports within
the same VLAN. If a match does occur, the device sends the frame to only the
member ports the device configuration specifies within the same VLAN.

Switch Management
Use the following steps to create a multicast MAC filter on the device.
Step 1. Log in to the device with an Engineer or Administrator
account.
Step 2. Navigate to the Multicast MAC Filtering page and select Add
Filter. The following page will display.
Figure 5.15 Add New Filter
Step 3. Enter the multicast MAC address on which you would like to
filter and the member ports.
Step 4. Select Submit to add the multicast MAC filter.
Port Mirroring You would typically use port mirroring for troubleshooting network problems
and for monitoring traffic on a selected source port through the use of a
network protocol analyzer attached to a target port. Port mirroring mirrors the
network traffic the device sends and receives on the source port to the target
port. This allows the use of a non-intrusive troubleshooting technique for
gathering network traffic information for a connected port.
The device can mirror network traffic from multiple source ports to one target
port. The source port may be any physical port on the device except the target
port that the device uses for mirroring and the front Ethernet management port
(ETH F).
The source port may be selected as ingress, egress, or for passage of both
types of traffic to the target port.
The target port cannot receive ingress traffic while in the monitoring session.
In Figure 5.16, the device has been configured to mirror both ingress and
egress traffic from Port 9 to Port 16. To configure port mirroring, navigate to
the Port Mirroring page and select Enable Port Mirroring. Select the
source port, target port, and the traffic you want mirrored to the target port, by
selecting either Mirror Ingress Traffic or Mirror Egress Traffic. You can
also select both to mirror ingress and egress traffic from the source port to the
target port.

Switch Management
Figure 5.16 Port Mirroring
Port Monitor Link flap is a situation in which a physical interface on the switch continually
goes up and down. Rx Checksum is a count of the frame check sequence
errors. The Port Monitor page provides you the ability to change the
monitoring mode, threshold limits, and actions. Each port can be configured
with two different modes (see Figure 5.17) and four actions (See Figure 5.18).
The default settings are to monitor for both situations and log to the syslog.
The monitoring period is fixed at sixty seconds. The port will be disabled if
the threshold is reached inside of the monitoring period. A user can enable the
port from the port settings page or the port monitoring page. A reboot of the
device will automatically enable any disabled ports.
Figure 5.17 Port Modes
Figure 5.18 Port Actions

Switch Management
Port Settings The Port Settings page provides you the ability to enable and disable ports,
set an alias for a port, configure port speed and duplex mode, and configure
Rating Limiting protection. The device configures fiber ports automatically to
their maximum speed and sets these to full duplex. The device sets copper
ports to Auto as their default setting for speed and duplex values, but you can
configure these as necessary.
Rate Limiting
The SEL-2730M allows you to set the maximum data rate for either ingress
(incoming) or egress (outgoing) traffic for any of the device ports slider
controls on the Switch Management/Port Settings page. This allows you to
prevent malicious or faulty devices from flooding your network and blocking
access to network resources. Figure 5.19 shows how limiting can be
configured for each port.
Figure 5.19 Setting Rate Limiting on the Port Settings Page
The Ingress Rate limit can be set using a slider control to 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 42,
50, 75, 100, 150, or 300 Mbps, as appropriate for the link speed of the port, or
can be set to No Limit. For the Ingress traffic, the limit can be set to All
traffic, Broadcast, or mixes of unicast, broadcast, and multicast. The Egress
Rate is applied to the overall rate (all traffic from the port).
Priority Settings Priority settings control the egress order of frames out of a port by using the
transmission policy and the assigned priority of each frame, which is based on
the priority code point (PCP), differentiated service code point (DSCP), or a
default value.
Settings
There are three groups of settings (described in Table 5.5): one to control the
order in which frames are transmitted from a port, one to configure the PCP-
to-priority mapping, and one to configure the DSCP-to-priority mapping.

Switch Management
Figure 5.20 Priority Settings Page (Default Settings)
Table 5.5 Priority Settings
Setting Valid Values Default Value Rules Description
Transmission Weighted Round Weighted Round — Sets the transmission policy for
Policy Robin, Strict Robin all SEL-2730M ports.
PCP Mapping Priority: Low, See Table 5.6 Disabled if VLAN-aware is disabled. Sets the priority for each PCP
Medium, High, value for all SEL-2730M ports.
Critical
DSCP Mapping DSCP: 0–63 Empty If the DSCP Mapping table is empty, Sets the priority for each DSCP
Priority: Low, then the DSCP field is ignored (ToS value for all SEL-2730M ports.
Medium, High, Inspection disabled).
Critical Otherwise, DSCP values not explicitly
specified are mapped to Low.
The SEL-2730M supports two transmission policies to decide which packet to

egress first when packets of more than one priority are waiting to egress: strict
and weighted round robin (WRR). Strict always egresses higher-priority
packets before lower-priority packets, and WRR uses an 8:4:2:1 allocation.
Packets of the same priority egress in the order in which the SEL-2730M adds
them to the queue.
There are eight PCP values (0–7) defined by IEEE 802.1D and IEEE 802.1Q.
The PCP Mapping setting is a fixed table with a row for each possible PCP
value. If VLAN-aware is enabled, you can modify the priority for each PCP
value. By default, the SEL-2730M assigns the PCP to the priority listed in
Table 5.6. This mapping applies to all SEL-2730M ports.

Switch Management
Table 5.6 Default PCP-to-Priority Mapping
PCP Priority
0
Low
1
2
Medium
3
4
High
5
6
Critical
7
There are 64 DSCP values (0–63). The DSCP uses the Type of Service (ToS)
field in the IP header as defined by the DiffServ standard RFC2475. If the
DiffServ-to-Queue Mapping table is empty, the SEL-2730M ignores the
DSCP field in the packet (ToS Inspection is disabled). To add a new mapping
point, select the plus ( ) button, select a DSCP value from 0–63 that is not
already present and a Priority of Low, Medium, High, or Critical (as shown in
Figure 5.21). Select the button to remove a mapping point.
Figure 5.21 Adding a DSCP Mapping Point
The SEL-2730M does not have an explicit ToS Inspection setting. Instead, the
SEL-2730M enables ToS Inspection automatically if the DSCP mapping has
at least one row, and disables ToS Inspection automatically if the DSCP
mapping has zero rows.
Priority Behavior
Internally, the SEL-2730M supports the following four priority levels, listed in
descending order of precedence:
➤ Critical
➤ High
➤ Medium
➤ Low
The SEL-2730M determines the priority of a packet at ingress using one of the
three sources listed in Table 5.7. The VLAN PCP and ToS fields support more
than four values, so the SEL-2730M must map those values to its internal four
priority levels. Table 5.7 lists what sources use which mappings.
Table 5.7 Priority Sources
Source Mapping
PCP field PCP

ToS field DSCP
Port Default None; always Low

Switch Management
The SEL-2730M uses the process shown in Figure 5.22 to determine the
priority of a packet. As shown, the ToS field is used only for tagged IP packets
if VLAN-aware is disabled and ToS Inspect is enabled.
Frame ingresses
into the SEL-2730M
Is VLAN-aware
enabled AND the Yes Source is PCP field
frame tagged?
No
Is ToS Inspection
enabled AND the
Yes Source is ToS field
frame is an IP
packet?
No
Priority is Low
(Default)
Figure 5.22 Priority Determination for a Frame
The SEL-2730M supports four priority queues, one for each priority level.
When the SEL-2730M forwards a frame to a port for egress, it places the
frame in the appropriate priority queue based on the priority assigned at
ingress (see Figure 5.22). The priority of a packet only determines into which
priority queue the packet is placed. The transmission policy setting determines
which packet to egress first when packets of more than one priority are
waiting to egress. Packets of the same priority egress in the order in which
they were forwarded to the port. The transmission policy considers the priority
of packets only and not their priority source (as shown in Table 5.7).
The SEL-2730M does not modify the ToS field of an IP packet or the PCP
field of a frame that was already tagged at ingress. If the SEL-2730M tags a
packet, it sets the PCP field to 0 unless the packet is an IP packet and the ToS
Inspection is enabled, in which case the SEL-2730M sets the PCP field based
on the priority mapped to the DSCP value of the frame, as shown in Table 5.8.
Table 5.8 DSCP Mapped Priority to PCP
Priority Mapped to DSCP Value of the

Value Written to PCP Field at Egress
Packet
Low 0
Medium 2
High 4
Critical 6

Network Settings
Network Settings
IP Configuration The IP Configuration page provides the configuration options for the IP
settings of the device. ETH F is used for initial commissioning and local access.
A second IP interface, under the Mgmt section of the page, can be configured
to access the device over a local or remote network, as shown in Figure 5.23.
Remote Network
SEL-3620
Mgmt SEL-3354
ETH F
SEL-2730M
Local Access
Figure 5.23 IP Configuration
The Mgmt interface is a logical interface accessible through the switch fabric
ports. Ports 1–24 are considered the switch fabric ports. ETH F is used for local
management access and is not considered a switch fabric port. ETH F does
allow web management or SNMP access if these services are enabled for the
front port.
The Mgmt interface is used for services such as remote management of the
device, sending Syslog or SNMP traps, and receiving SNMP requests. You
can reach the Mgmt interface through the use of devices within the same
subnet, or through a router configured with an interface on the same subnet as
the Mgmt interface.
Table 5.9 Global IP Settings
Hostnamea 1–63 characters SEL<SERIAL#> The unique name identifying the device on the network.
Domain Namea 0–253 characters N/A The domain name of which the device is a member.
Default Gateway Unicast network address N/A The IP address of the device used to transfer packets to another
network. If this setting is left blank, the device will not be able
to communicate outside of the local subnet.
a The Hostname and Domain Name combined length must be less than 255 characters.
Table 5.10 ETH F Network Interface Settings (Sheet 1 of 2)
Alias 1–32 characters ETH F A name that is associated with the network interface.
Enabled Enabled, Disabled Enabled Administratively enables or disables the interface.
IP Address Unicast IP address 192.168.1.2/24 IP address of the interface. The device uses classless inter-domain rout-
ing (CIDR) notation to assign the subnet mask.a
HTTPS Enabled, Disabled Enabled Enables or disables HTTPS on the interface.

Network Settings
Table 5.10 ETH F Network Interface Settings (Sheet 2 of 2)
Captive Port Enabled, Disabled Enabled Enables or disables captive port on the interface.
SNMP Enabled, Disabled Disabled Enables or disables SNMP on the interface.
a The IP address and subnet for ETH F cannot be the same as any of the switch ports or of the Management Network Interface.
When captive port is enabled on ETH F, the device provides an IP configuration

to connected devices that are configured for DHCP. The IP configuration the
device issues sets the connected device to use the ETH F IP address as the
default gateway and DNS server. The configuration of the DNS server on the
device resolves any DNS queries to the ETH F IP address. This redirects all
traffic from connected devices to the ETH F IP address. This configuration is
useful in the event the ETH F IP address is unknown.
Enable the Captive Port feature by connecting a computer configured for
DHCP to ETH F. Making this connection causes the device to issue the IP
configuration for your computer that permits the use of this feature. Simply
open your web browser and navigate to any site (e.g., selinc.com); the device
resolves this query to the ETH F IP address and redirects you to the web
management interface of the device. Some devices cache webpages; if the
webpage does not appear, try a different webpage or clear the web cache for
that web address.
Table 5.11 Mgmt Network Interface Settingsa
Alias 1–32 characters Mgmt A name that is associated with the network interface.
Enabled Enabled, Disabled Disabled Administratively enables or disables the interface.
IP Address Unicast IP address N/A IP address of the interface. The device uses classless inter-domain routing
(CIDR) notation to assign the subnet mask.
VLAN ID 1–4094 1 The VLAN with which to associate the interface. The VLAN must be present
to be selected as the management VLAN.
This setting is not visible when the device is not in VLAN-aware mode.
HTTPS Enabled, Disabled Disabled Enables or disables HTTPS on the interface.
SNMP Enabled, Disabled Disabled Enables or disables SNMP on the interface.
a If you put the management port on a nondefault VLAN, the switch must restart to complete the settings change.
SNMP Settings The device supports SNMP v1, v2c. and v3 read-only operations. Use SNMP
to monitor device health, status, and to gather data. Figure 5.24 shows the
SNMP Settings page.
The SNMP Engine ID for the SEL-2730M is a sequence of 11 bytes
consisting of 80 00 7C 4F 03, followed by the MAC address of the unit.
Example: For a unit with MAC address of 00:30:A7:04:5A:CF, the SNMP
engine ID would be (shown in hexadecimal): 80 00 7C 4F 03 00 30 A7 04 5A CF.

Network Settings
Figure 5.24 SNMP Settings Page
SNMP is disabled by default. You must enable SNMP on the Mgmt interface
for the device to respond to SNMP communications. Refer to
IP Configuration for information on how to enable SNMP.
The Permitted Hosts section on the page displays the hosts or networks
allowed SNMP communications with the device. The device will accept
SNMP requests from all IP addresses, unless configured otherwise. The
Permitted Hosts list provides the option to limit SNMP communications from
known IP address ranges. The Edit Hosts page provides the interface to update
the Permitted Hosts list.
The SNMP Profiles section on the page displays the SNMP profiles
configured on the device. The device requires an SNMP profile for it to
respond to SNMP requests. The Add v1/v2c Profile and Add v3 Profile pages
provide the interfaces from which you can add SNMP profiles. The SNMP
manager requesting SNMP information from the device must be configured
with the matching SNMP profile information for the device to respond to the
SNMP requests. The device supports as many as eight SNMP profiles.
The Trap Servers section on the page displays the SNMP trap servers to
which the device is configured to send SNMP traps. An SNMP profile with
trap permission is necessary prior to configuring a trap server. The Add Trap
Server page provides the interface from which you can add a trap server. The
SNMP manager must be configured with the matching SNMP trap profile for
the SNMP manager to accept the SNMP traps.
Descriptions follow for each of the pages under SNMP Settings.

Network Settings
Edit Hosts
The Edit Hosts page allows you to add or remove hosts or networks from the
Permitted Hosts list. Perform the following steps to add a host or network:
Step 1. From the SNMP Settings page, select Edit Hosts. This will
take you to the page shown in Figure 5.25.
Figure 5.25 Edit Hosts
Step 2. Enter the alias you would like to use for the host or network
you will be adding.
Step 3. Enter either the host IP address or network ID under the Host
field.
Host IP addresses use a /32 CIDR notation. For example, if the
IP address of the SNMP manager for which you would like to
allow SNMP access to this device is 192.168.10.10, you would
enter 192.168.10.10/32 into the Host field. A network ID could
also be specified to allow access from the network segment that
the SNMP manager is on, e.g., 192.168.10.0/24.
Step 4. The Edit Hosts page allows you to enter as many as 16 entries
on this page.
Step 5. Select Submit to complete.
Table 5.12 Edit Hosts Settings
Alias 1–32 characters N/A A name that is associated with the host or network.
Host Host IP address (e.g., 192.168.10.10/32) or N/A IP address or network allowed access to the SNMP
Network ID (e.g., 192.168.10.0/24) service of the device.

Network Settings
Add v1/v2c Profile

The Add v1/v2c Profile page allows you to add an SNMP v1/v2c profile. You
may use v1/v2c version formatted reads. Traps use v2c version formatting.
Perform the following steps to add an SNMP v1/v2c profile:
Step 1. From the SNMP Settings page, select Add v1/v2c Profile.
This will take you to the page shown in Figure 5.26.
Figure 5.26 Add v1/v2c Profile
Step 2. Enter the Alias you would like to use for the SNMP profile.
Step 3. Select whether the SNMP profile should have Read, Trap, or
both permissions.
Step 4. Enter the SNMP Read Only Community String.
Step 5. Select Submit to add the SNMP profile.
Add v3 Profile
The Add v3 Profile page allows you to add an SNMP v3 profile. Perform the
following steps to add an SNMP v3 profile:
Step 1. From the SNMP Settings page, select Add v3 Profile. This
will take you to the page shown in Figure 5.27.
Figure 5.27 Add v3 Profile

Network Settings
Step 2. Enter the Username you would like to use for the SNMP v3
user.
Note: SNMP v3 provides optional authentication and
encryption to ensure a secure SNMP communications channel.
SHA-1 Authentication Protocol and AES-128 Encryption
Protocol is recommended. SNMP v1/v2c provides mutual
authentication through the use of a preshared key and the
SNMP Read Only Community String, but SNMP
communication, including the community string, is not
encrypted and appears as plaintext.
NOTE: The encryption algorithm Step 3. Select whether the SNMP user should have Read, Trap, or
DES is deprecated and should not be
used for an encryption protocol. both permissions.
Migrate all systems to AES-128.
Step 4. Specify the Authentication Protocol, Authentication
Password, Encryption Protocol, and Encryption Password.
Step 5. Select Submit to add the SNMP profile.
Table 5.13 SNMP v1/v2c Profile Settings
Field Names Values Default Description
Alias 1–64 characters N/A SNMP v1/v2c alias

Read Enabled, Disabled Enabled Profiles with read permission selected can read SNMP information
from the device
Trap Enabled, Disabled Enabled Profiles with trap permission selected can be configured to send
SNMP traps from the device
SNMP Read Only 1–128 characters N/A The read-only community string used to authenticate SNMP
Community String sessions
Table 5.14 SNMP v3 Profile Settings
Username 1–64 characters N/A SNMP v3 username

Read Enabled, Disabled Enabled Profiles with read permission selected can read SNMP information
from the device
Trap Enabled, Disabled Enabled Profiles with trap permission selected can be configured to send
SNMP traps from the device
Authentication None, MD5, SHA-1 SHA-1 Authentication protocol to use for authenticating SNMP messages
Protocol between this SNMP user and SNMP manager
Authentication 8–128 characters N/A Cannot be the same as the Encryption Password
Password
Encryption Protocol None, DESa, AES-128 AES-128 Encryption protocol to use for encrypting SNMP messages between
this SNMP user and SNMP manager
Encryption Password 8–128 characters N/A Cannot be the same as the Authentication Password
a Do not use DES for the encryption protocol.
Add Trap Server

The Add Trap Server page allows you to add SNMP trap servers to which the
device sends SNMP traps. At least one SNMP profile with trap permission is
necessary; otherwise, the page returns the error At least one SNMP profile
must be configured with the Allow Traps permission.
The device sends traps to all configured trap servers through the use of the
SNMP information for the selected profiles. The trap server must have the
corresponding information for the profiles to authenticate and accept the traps.

Network Settings
The device supports as many as three trap servers. Perform the following steps
to add a trap server:
Step 1. From the SNMP Settings page, select Add Trap Server. This
will take you to the page shown in Figure 5.28.
Figure 5.28 Add Trap Server
Step 2. Enter the Alias and IP address of the trap server to which you
would like to send SNMP traps.
Step 3. Select the SNMP profile from the drop-down box whose
identity you would like to use to send SNMP traps.
Step 4. Select the SNMP traps you would like to send to the trap server
by checking one or more trap categories under Traps.
Step 5. Select Submit to add the SNMP trap server.
Table 5.15 SNMP Trap Server Settings
Alias 1–128 characters N/A A name that is associated with the SNMP trap server.
IP Address Host IP address N/A The IP address of the SNMP trap server.
Associated A list of SNMP profiles N/A Any one SNMP v1/v2c or v3 profile created on the SEL-2730M.
Profile with the trap permission
Traps See Table 5.16. N/A The SEL-2730M sends SNMP traps to the configured trap server when
an event occurs within selected trap categories.
SNMP traps are categorized based on the type of system event that occurs.
Each category is listed below with an explanation of the event types that fall
within each category. When an SNMP trap is selected, the device will send
that SNMP trap to the configured trap server when an event that falls within
the category occurs.

Network Settings
Table 5.16 SNMP Trap Categories
Category Description
Authentication Authentication-related events

Chassis Physical hardware-related events
Configuration Configuration events related to settings changes
Link Back port events related to link up/link down status
Port Security MAC-based port security violations
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RSTP-related events, such as topology changes
MIB Downloads
SNMP Management Information Base (MIB) modules contain definitions and
other information about the properties of services and resources of the device.
The MIB Downloads page provides a brief description of the MIBs the device
uses to provide information through SNMP. You can download MIBs through
this page by selecting the Download button.
Syslog Settings Syslog is a specification that describes both the method and format in which
the device stores logs locally and routes them to a collector. The device logs
many different types of events such as system startup, log in attempts, and
configuration changes. The device can send log information to as many as
three remote destinations and store as many as 60,000 event logs locally in
nonvolatile memory. Each destination, including the local device, has a
configurable logging threshold. The device logs all configuration changes to
Syslog. For more information about Syslog, refer to Appendix E: Syslog.
Select the Syslog Settings link from the navigation menu to configure the
Syslog settings for the device. The Syslog Settings page (see Figure 5.29)
allows you to configure the logging threshold for local logging and remote
Syslog destinations, which determines what severity levels are logged.
Table 5.17 lists what severity levels are logged for each logging threshold. See
Appendix E: Syslog for a list of Syslog events and their associated severity
levels.
Table 5.17 Severity Levels
Logging Threshold Severity Levels Logged
Alert (Highest Severity)a Alert

Criticala Alert, Critical
Error Alert, Critical, Error
Warning Alert, Critical, Error, Warning
Notice Alert, Critical, Error, Warning, Notice
Informational (Lowest Severity) Alert, Critical, Error, Warning, Notice, Informational
a Not available for Local Logging Threshold.

Network Settings
Figure 5.29 Syslog Settings
Table 5.18 Syslog Threshold Values
Local Logging Error Notice Controls the severity levels logged to

Threshold Warning the device (see Table 5.17).
Notice
Informational
Setting the logging threshold too low can result in the device generating many
logs. Setting the logging threshold too high can result in the device failing to
record important messages.
The settings under Syslog Destinations are to configure remote Syslog
destinations. You can configure as many as three remote destinations. To
configure the device to send Syslog events to a remote Syslog server, enter the
Alias and IP Address of the remote Syslog server, and select the logging
threshold of the Syslog events to be sent to the remote Syslog server.
Table 5.19 Syslog Destination Settings
Alias 0–32 characters A name that is associated with the

Syslog destination.
IP Address Unicast IP Address The IP address of the Syslog desti-
nation.
Logging Alert Warning Controls the severity levels logged
Threshold Critical to the device (see Table 5.17).
Error
Warning
Notice
Informational
Hosts To map an IP address to a host name, select the Add Host button. This shows
the Add Host form (see Figure 5.30).
Figure 5.30 Add Hosts Form

Accounts
Populate the Add Host form with the correct host name and IP address of an
LDAP or RADIUS server. The SEL-2730M supports as many as 64 hosts.
Accounts
Local Users Use the Local Users page to add, remove, and update local user accounts for
the device. Refer to Section 3: Managing Users for more information
regarding local user accounts.
Security
X.509 Certificates HTTPS (SSL/TLS) connections require authentication to confirm that the
server with which you are communicating is the correct server. This
authentication is through X.509 certificates. By default, the device has a self-
signed X.509 certificate that can cause your web browser to issue a security
alert. This security alert will require a security exception for authentication to
continue. To prevent this security alert from appearing, install a CA-signed
X.509 certificate on the device. If your web browser has been configured to
trust the CA issuing and signing the certificate, the X.509 certificate will be
trusted and the security alert will no longer appear.
The device supports one X.509 certificate that is used for HTTPS
communications between the client web browser and the web server running
on the device. The X.509 Certificates page has options to view, rename,
export, import, and regenerate the X.509 certificate. Descriptions follow for
each of these options.
LDAP and RADIUS also use X.509 certificates.
View
This option provides a detailed view of the installed certificate.
Rename
This option provides a form for renaming the certificate. The Certificate Name
can contain as many as 128 characters.
Figure 5.31 Renaming Certificates
Import
This option provides a form to import a certificate generated or signed
externally to the device. You must enter the password for the private key
during import if the private key is encrypted.
For more information on X.509 certificates, see Appendix I: X.509.

Security
MAC-Based Port MAC-based port security provides the ability to create MAC address filters
that only allow traffic on a port from specific MAC addresses. The device
Security provides two methods of dynamically building the MAC filter for a port, and
an additional method to statically assign MAC addresses to the filter. The
methods for dynamically building the MAC filter for a port include count lock
and time lock. You can use all methods independently or in conjunction to
build the MAC filter for the port.
For example, you can specify that you would like to learn five MAC addresses
for the port and lock in the configuration. You can also specify that you would
like to learn five MAC addresses for ten minutes, and the configuration will
either lock after five addresses have been learned, or ten minutes have elapsed.
You can also choose to statically configure the MAC filter on the port by
manually entering one or more MAC addresses.
MAC-Based Port Security Configuration

Select the Edit button for the port on which you would like to configure
MAC-based port security. This will open the MAC security configuration
form for the port.
Figure 5.32 MAC-Based Port Security
Enable MAC Security

Selecting this will enable MAC security for the port and allow editing of the
fields on the form. Configure the MAC security filter based on your
configuration needs. The fields on the form are described in Table 5.20.

System
Table 5.20 MAC Security Fields
Field Name Values Description
Count Lock 0–1000 MAC The number of MAC addresses that

Addresses will be added to the filter.
Time Lock 0–1440 Minutes Time period in which new MAC
addresses may be added to the filter.
Select MAC Addresses Unicast MAC Address Field to remove MAC addresses
for deletion from the filter.
Add additional whitelist Unicast MAC Address Field to add MAC addresses to filter.
MAC Addresses
The device supports a maximum of 1000 MAC address entries across all ports.
MAC Security Report

The MAC Security Report page provides an overall view of the status of
each port and the MAC addresses locked on each port.
System
Global Settings
Web Settings
The web settings allow for modification of settings related to the web
management interface of the device.
Table 5.21 Web Settings
Language English, Spanish English The default language for the

device.
Maximum Sessions 1–20 5 Maximum number of concurrent
web user sessions.
Sessions Timeout 1–60 minutes 5 Amount of time a user’s session
is inactive before the device
terminates the session.
The device automatically selects the language used for the web management
interface based on an Accept-Language request-header field from the
requesting client web browser. The device defaults to the highest-priority
supported language the requesting client web browser lists. In the event of a
tie in priorities of supported languages or if none of the requested languages
are supported, the language defaults to the Language setting configured in the
Global Settings. The SEL-2730M transmits Syslog messages and SNMP traps
in the language specified through the Language setting in Global Settings.

System
System Contact Information

The system contact information settings provide fields for defining a system
contact and system location.
Table 5.22 System Contact Information Settings
Contact 0–128 characters Schweitzer Engineering Contact information for

Laboratories, Inc. the device.
(509) 332-1890
Location 0–128 characters Pullman, WA Location of the device.
Table 5.23 Features
VLAN-aware Enabled, Disabled Disabled Determines the operational mode of the device with respect to VLANs.
Spanning Tree RSTP, Off RSTP Configures the spanning tree mode for the device. The device does not
Mode provide network loop prevention if this setting is disabled.
LLDP Enabled, Disabled Enabled Enables or disables Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) on the
device.
Date/Time The date and time functions of the device allow accurate timekeeping for
time-stamping internally generated system events. The date and time of the
device can be manually set, or the device can synchronize its internal clock to
Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers over the network. One benefit of
synchronizing time by using NTP is that all devices synchronized to the NTP
servers share the same time, and event correlation across multiple systems is
possible. Having the same time reference for time-stamped events makes
auditing system and security events across multiple systems easier to manage.
Manually Updating Date/Time

The device provides an extensive time zone list to allow you to select the time
zone appropriate for your location. Identification of many of these time zones
is according to cities that lie in those zones, while common time zone names,
such as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), identify others. Time zone
selection is important in how the SEL-2730M determines daylight-saving
adjustments. To select a time zone, find the appropriate time zone entry in the
Time Zone drop-down list, and select the Submit button.
Note: Updating the time zone or time may cause the web management session
to expire. You will need to log back onto the device after changing the time
zone or time.
In installations where NTP sources are unavailable, manual date and time
configuration is necessary. To manually configure the date and time of the
device, select the current date from the calendar, enter the current time, and
select the Submit button.
NTP
NTP is a method for synchronizing system clocks over IP networks. NTP
typically maintains accuracies of 10 ms across public networks and 200 s or
better in private networks under ideal conditions.

System
NTP uses a hierarchical, layered “stratum” system of clock source levels.

Stratum numbering begins with zero at the top and increments with layers
from the reference clock. The stratum scheme exists to prevent cyclical
dependencies in the hierarchy. A lower stratum number for the NTP source
does not necessarily mean it is more accurate.
The SEL-2730M uses NTP version 4.0 and is backward-compatible with older
versions, including NTPv3 and NTPv2, but not NTPv1.
To use NTP as the time source for the device, you must select Enable NTP
Client and specify at least one NTP Server, as shown in Figure 5.33. Replace
192.168.100.1 with the IP address of your NTP server, and select the Submit
button.
Figure 5.33 Date/Time Settings
Alarm Contact Each SEL-2730M has one alarm contact output that can be used to alert
system personnel about system- or security-related events. The events are
divided into seven categories (described in Table 5.24) that can either be
configured with one of three alarm contact behaviors (described in Table 5.25)
or disabled so that the SEL-2730M does not operate the alarm contact for
those events. The alarm contact on and off duration for latching and pulsing
are configurable, as described in Table 5.27. These durations apply to all
pulsing and latching events.
Settings
There are three groups of settings: one to enable the event categories (see
Table 5.24), one to select the alarm contact behavior (see Table 5.25), and one
for the on and off durations (see Table 5.27).

System
Figure 5.34 Alarm Contact Page (Default Settings)
Table 5.24 Alarm Contact Categories
Default Enable Default Contact

Category Description
Setting Behavior
Authentication Enabled Pulse Authentication-related events

Chassis Enabled Pulse Physical hardware-related events
Configuration Disabled Pulse Configuration events related to settings changes
Eth F Link Disabled Pulse Front-port interface events related to link up/link down status.
Link Disabled Pulse Interface events related to link up/link down status
Port Security Disabled Pulse MAC-based port security violations
Rapid Spanning Tree Disabled Pulse RSTP-related events, such as topology changes
Protocol
System Integrity Enabled Latch (Automatic System event, such as component failure or a part number
Clear) change (also referred to as Major Alarms)
Table 5.25 Alarm Contact Behaviors
Behavior Description
Pulse The alarm contact asserts for the on time and then deasserts
for the off time.
Latch (Manual Clear) The alarm contact asserts for at least as long as the on time.
or The alarm contact then deasserts for at least as long as the off
Latch (Automatic Clear) time after the user manually clears the alarm via the web
interface for both types of latches. Automatically clearing
latches are automatically cleared if the underlying cause of
the event is resolved. If cleared during the on time period, the
alarm contact deasserts immediately after the on time expires.
The Latch (Automatic Clear) behavior depends on the category of the alarm,
as shown in Table 5.26.

System
Table 5.26 Latch (Automatic Clear) Behavior
Alarm Category Alarm Is Automatically Cleared When...
Authentication Alarm is manually cleared.

Chassis SEL-2730M is turned off and back on
Configuration
Eth F Link Front port is up
Link All enabled back ports are upa
Port Security Alarm is manually cleared
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol SEL-2730M is turned off and back on
System Integrity Alarm is manually clearedb

SEL-2730M is turned off and back onb
The underlying cause is corrected (e.g., the
battery is replaced)
a Latching is caused by at least one port being down but enabled. The Latch will remain
asserted until all links are up and On Time and Off Time shall be honored. For example, if 10
ports lose their link (link down), and 5 of those ports recover their link, the alarm remains
latched. Once the last five ports recover their link, the alarm autoclears as the On Time and
Off Time are honored.
b The alarm reasserts if the underlying cause is still present during the next diagnostics cycle,
e.g., if the battery is still missing.
Table 5.27 Pulse Duration Settingsa
Setting Default Range Description
On Time 1s 1–10 s Minimum duration for which the alarm contact asserts.
Off Time 1s 1–10 s Minimum duration for which the alarm contact deasserts.
a These apply to latching events as well as pulsing events.
To enable a category, select the check box to the left of the category name. To
change the behavior of the alarm contact for that category, use the drop-down
box to the right of the category name.
System Integrity alarms representing diagnostics are pooled once per cycle. If
the alarm is manually cleared and the underlying cause persists, the
configured alarm contact behavior event reoccurs.
For both Link Alarms (Link: Eth F or Link: Ports 1–24), there are no warnings
to the user when they enable a Link alarm when the physical port is disabled.
For example, if Link alarm for Eth F is enabled but in the IP Configuration,
the physical Eth F is disabled, the user will not be warned and Eth F will never
trigger a Link alarm. This is true for Ports 1–24 as well. If Ports 13–24 are
physically disabled and the Link alarm for Ports 1–24 are enabled, the user is
not warned that some ports are physically disabled, but alarms occur for port
activity on the physically enabled Ports 1–12.
Alarm Contact Behavior

If no other event in an enabled event category occurs while the alarm contact
is pulsing or latching, the alarm contact follows the behavior described in
Table 5.25.

System
If more than one event occurs during the on or off time of a latch or pulse, the
alarm contact operates according to the following rules:
➤ A latching event always interrupts a pulse, regardless of
whether the on or off time has expired.
➤ Pulsing events are ignored during the on time of a pulse or a
latch.
➤ If one or more pulsing events occur during the off time of a
pulse or a latch, or if one or more latching events occur and are
cleared during the off time of the latch, the alarm contact pulses
once more after the off time has expired.
➤ During a latching event, the alarm contact always asserts for at
least the on time and remains asserted until all latching events
are cleared, including all latching events that occurred during
the on time of the original latching event.
➤ Once in the off time of a latch, the alarm contact remains
deasserted until at least the off time expires, regardless of any
pulsing or latching events that occur during this time.
To unambiguously differentiate between a latching event and a pulsing event,
use a manually clearing latch behavior. Events are also logged to the Syslog
Report page and sent to any configured Syslog servers regardless of the alarm
contact settings or behavior.
Usage Policy The device presents a usage policy to all users accessing the login page. This
policy notifies users of what constitutes the appropriate use of this device,
what actions are taken to ensure the device is not used inappropriately, and
what actions will be taken if abuse is discovered. The device comes with the
following default usage policy:
This system is for the use of authorized users only. Individuals using this
system without authority or in excess of their authority, are subject to
having all their activities on this system monitored and recorded by
system personnel. Anyone using this system expressly consents to such
monitoring and is advised that if such monitoring reveals possible
evidence of criminal activity, system personnel may provide the evidence
of such activity to law enforcement officials.
The usage policy is configurable from 0 to as many as 4095 characters. Select
the Usage Policy link from the navigation menu to modify the usage policy.
File Management File management provides an interface from which you can import and export
settings, as well as perform firmware upgrades and download diagnostics
reports. Exporting system settings is useful for providing device configuration
backups for disaster recovery, as well as creating a template configuration that
you can use in commissioning large numbers of devices. For example, if all
devices share the same configuration, except for a few device-specific
configuration items such as hostname and IP address, the configuration can be
created once and then exported as a template. When the configuration file is
imported into a new device, only a couple of changes are necessary before the
device is fully configured.
Export Settings
Settings can be exported either encrypted or unencrypted in XML format. The
encrypted settings export is useful for creating an encrypted copy of the device
configuration as a device backup. You can use this backup for disaster

System
recovery purposes in the event the configuration on the device must be

restored. The other option is to export the device settings in unencrypted XML
format, which allows for offline editing.
Note: Settings files should be stored in a secure location, because they contain
sensitive information.
The Export Settings page provides an interface to export settings to either an
encrypted or unencrypted settings file. Follow the steps below to export a
settings file:
Step 1. Log in to the device and browse to the File Management page.
You should be on the Export Settings page shown in
Figure 5.35.
Figure 5.35 Export Settings Page
Step 2. If you would like to export settings in an encrypted format,

select the Encrypt Export check box and select an encryption
password for use in encrypting the settings file. You must use
this password when you perform an import of the encrypted
settings file, so be sure you store the password in a secure
location.
If you would like to export settings in an unencrypted format,
clear the Encrypt Export check box.
Step 3. Select the Export button.
Step 4. The settings export will initialize and show the export progress
for each module. The device will present you with the
following message when the export is complete.
Step 5. Select the Click to Download button. Your browser then

downloads the file from the SEL-2730M.
Diagnostics Report
A diagnostics report provides system status, diagnostics, and crash logs to
SEL for analysis. Diagnostic reports are encrypted to protect sensitive
information.
Step 2. Select Diagnostics Report.
Step 3. Select Generate.

System
Step 4. Select Click to Download (see Figure 5.36) to download the

hostname_diagnostics.log file that you can share with your
SEL representative.
Figure 5.36 Diagnostics Report Complete
Import Settings
Figure 5.37 Import Settings Page
The Import Settings page provides an interface to import settings from either
an encrypted or unencrypted settings file. Perform the following to import a
settings file:
Step 2. Select the Import Settings tab at the top of the page.
Step 3. Select Choose File and browse to the location of the settings
file you would like to import.
WARNING Step 4. If the file was encrypted during the export process, enter the
Importing settings will replace the encryption password into the Password field. If the file was not
current settings and reboot the encrypted during the export process, leave the Password field
device.
blank.
Step 5. Select the Import button.
Firmware Upgrade
The Firmware Upgrade page provides an interface from which you can
upgrade device firmware. Refer to Appendix B: Firmware Upgrade
Instructions for more information on the firmware upgrade procedure.
Device Reset
Device Reboot
The device reboot function turns the device off and back on. All
communication through the device is lost while the device restarts.

System
Factory Reset
The device provides the factory-reset function to restore the unit to its factory
configuration. You should only use this feature when you decommission the
device. The factory-reset function erases the device log files and returns
device settings back to the factory-default values. After a factory reset, you
must recommission the device. Refer to Section 2: Installation for details on
commissioning the device.

Section 6
Testing and Troubleshooting
Introduction
This section provides the following guidelines for testing and troubleshooting
the device.
➤ Testing Philosophy on page 6.1
➤ LED Indicators on page 6.2
➤ Device Dashboard on page 6.3
➤ Troubleshooting on page 6.4
➤ Technical Support on page 6.5
Testing Philosophy
Device testing can be divided into three categories: acceptance,
commissioning, and maintenance. The categories are differentiated by when
they take place in the life cycle of the product and by test complexity. The
following paragraphs describe when you should perform each type of test, the
goals of testing at that time, and the functions that you need to test at each
point.
This information is intended as a guideline for testing a device.
Acceptance Testing Perform acceptance testing when qualifying the SEL-2730M for use in an
Ethernet-based communications network that supports critical systems.
Goals of Acceptance Testing

➤ Ensure that the device meets published critical performance
specifications.
➤ Ensure that the device meets the requirements of the intended
application.
➤ Improve your familiarity with device capabilities.
What to Test
Acceptance test all settings parameters critical to your intended application.
SEL performs detailed acceptance testing on all SEL-2730M models and
versions. It is important for you to perform acceptance testing on the

6.2 Testing and Troubleshooting
LED Indicators
SEL-2730M if you are unfamiliar with device operating theory or settings.

Such testing helps you ensure that the device settings are correct for your
application.
Commissioning Perform commissioning testing when installing a new device. Commissioning

testing is performed on each unit installed.
Testing
Goals of Commissioning Testing
➤ Ensure that power connections are correct.
➤ Ensure that the alarm output connection is correct.
➤ Ensure that the device functions with your settings according to
your expectations.
What to Test
Perform commissioning testing on all connected Ethernet ports, fiber ports,
and alarm contacts.
SEL performs a complete functional check of each device before shipment.
Device commissioning tests should verify that the power supply, Ethernet
cables, fiber cables, and alarm contacts are connected properly.
Maintenance Testing The SEL-2730M does not require regular maintenance testing.
LED Indicators
The SEL-2730M has extensive self-test capabilities. You can determine the
status of your device by using the indicator lights located on the front or rear
panels. These indicators are provided to show whether the device is enabled,
whether an alarm condition exists, whether the power supplies are healthy, and
to show the speed and link state for each of the communications interfaces.
Figure 6.1 shows the locations of the LED indicators. The rear-panel
indicators corresponding to the ones on the front panel operate identically.
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LAMP 100 Mbps
TEST LNK/ACT
ENABLED PWR A 1 Gbps 100 Mbps
ALARM PWR B LNK/ACT LNK/ACT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Figure 6.1 Close-Up of Front-Panel Status Indicators
Table 6.1 describes the system status indicators. On the front panel, these are
located next to the LAMP TEST button.

Testing and Troubleshooting 6.3
Device Dashboard
Table 6.1 System Status Indicators
Indicator Green Condition Red Condition
ENABLED Normal operation —

ALARM — When the alarm contact operates or
watchdog timer expires.
System is halted or booting, or an
error condition has occurred.
PWR A Power supply installed and Power supply has failed or is not
working properly energized. This will only display
when the other power supply is
installed and energized.
PWR B Power supply installed and Power supply has failed or is not
working properly energized. This will only display
when the other power supply is
installed and energized.
The communications interface indicators in Table 6.2 are located in two

groups, one for Ports 1–8, and the other for Ports 9–24. Ports 1–8 are 1 Gbps
ports. The yellow 1 Gbps speed indicator is illuminated when the port is
operating at full speed. When the port is operating at a reduced speed, the
indicator is not illuminated. Ports 9–24 are 100 Mbps ports. The yellow
100 Mbps speed indicator is illuminated when these ports are operating at
100 Mbps, and not illuminated when operating at a reduced speed. For all of
these ports (1–24), the same two indicators are provided at the port connector
on the rear panel.
Table 6.2 Communications Interface Indicators
Indicator Not Illuminated Condition Illuminated Condition
1 Gbps Port is operating at a reduced Port is operating at its full speed of

speed or is unconnected. 1 Gbps.
100 Mbps Port is operating at a reduced Port is operating at its full speed of
speed or is unconnected. 100 Mbps.
LNK/ACT Port is unconnected. Green when port is connected.
Blinks to indicate data traffic in either
direction.
Device Dashboard
While the device status indicator lights are useful for getting status
information at a quick glance, they will only alert you to simple normal vs.
abnormal operating conditions. For more detailed diagnostic information, visit
the Dashboard page by selecting the Dashboard link from the navigation
panel. See Device Dashboard on page 2.7 for more information.

6.4 Testing and Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Inspection Procedure Complete the following procedure before disturbing the device. After you
finish the inspection, refer to Table 6.3.
Step 1. If the web interface is accessible, record the part number, serial
number, and firmware version from the Dashboard Device
Information table.
Step 2. Record a description of the problem encountered.
Step 3. Examine the System Statistics and Diagnostics tables and
record any values that are unusual.
Step 4. Measure and record the power supply voltage at the power
input terminals.
Step 5. Record the state of the LED indicators.
Table 6.3 Troubleshooting Procedure
Problem Possible Causes Solution
The PWR A and PWR B indica- Input power is not present. Verify that input power is present and that the power supply
tors are both dark assembly is fully inserted.
The login page is The computer trying to connect to Verify the physical and logical connection between the man-
inaccessible the web interface is not on the cor- agement computer and the SEL-2730M.
rect network. Configure the IP address of the management computer to the
same network as the SEL-2730M, or set the computer network
interface to autoconfigure the network by using DHCP as
described in Section 2: Installation.
The ETH F network interface on the Insert a small tool such as a paperclip into the pinhole reset
SEL-2730M is not enabled. above Port 2 on the rear panel of the device, and depress the
reset button for 5 seconds. This will enable the interface and
turn on the Captive Port feature to allow you to connect to the
management interface by using ETH F. See Section 2: Installa-
tion for details.
No Syslog messages The Syslog server is not reachable Ensure that the Syslog server IP address is valid and reachable.
from the network containing the If the Syslog server is on another network, ensure that a net-
SEL-2730M. work gateway is configured and available to route the Syslog
traffic.
No Syslog servers defined or the Navigate to the Network Settings/Syslog Settings page and
logging threshold is unexpectedly ensure that the proper Syslog IP address and Logging Thresh-
high. old settings are made there.
A user cannot log in The user’s account is missing. Log in to the SEL-2730M as an administrator and verify the
details for the subject account on the Accounts/Local Users
page.
The user’s password is incorrect. Check that Caps Lock is not active on the computer logging in.
If necessary, reset the user’s account from the Local Users
page.
If You Forget Your If you forget the IP address for which your SEL-2730M is configured, but do
not want to perform a full factory reset, the Captive Port feature provides you
SEL-2730M IP access to the web management interface.
Address To activate the Captive Port feature on ETH F, while the SEL-2730M is
powered on, insert a tool such as a straightened paper clip into the pinhole
reset hole above Port 2 on the rear panel and press the recessed reset button for
5 seconds. This enables the front Ethernet port and turns on the Captive Port
feature.

Testing and Troubleshooting 6.5
Technical Support
The Captive Port feature provides special DHCP and DNS servers to the
computer connected to ETH F. The DHCP server assigns the computer an IP
address adjacent to the IP address of your SEL-2730M, so the computer will
be on the same subnet and capable of communicating with it. This also sets
the DNS server for the computer to the IP address of your SEL-2730M. Once
this occurs, any DNS requests from the computer resolve to the SEL-2730M,
so that browsing to any host, such as selinc.com, results in opening the web
management interface of your SEL-2730M.
If You Forget Your Use of the Captive Port feature to gain access to your SEL-2730M
reestablishes network communication with it, but you must still know the
Administrative credentials for an administrative account. If you have lost all administrative
Account Password account credentials, you must perform a full factory-default reset.
Turn off power to your SEL-2730M, insert a tool such as a straightened paper
clip into the pinhole reset hole above Port 2 on the rear panel, and press the
recessed reset button. Holding the button depressed, apply power. After five
seconds, release the recessed reset button.
Wait for the green ENABLED LED on the front panel to illuminate, indicating
that your SEL-2730M has reset to factory-default settings and is ready. ETH F
will be enabled, the Captive Port feature will be on, and the IP address for the
unit will be 192.168.1.2. You can access the Commissioning page by entering
a hostname, such as selinc.com, or you can browse directly to the IP address
for the unit at https://192.168.1.2.
Technical Support
We appreciate your interest in SEL products and services. If you have
Tel: +1.509.338.3838
Fax: +1.509.332.7990

Appendix A
Instruction Manual
Firmware and Manual Versions
Firmware
Determining the To determine the firmware version, log in to the web interface and check the
Dashboard page. The Device Information section displays the Firmware
Firmware Version Identification (FID) number.
The firmware version will be either a standard release or a point release. A
standard release adds new functionality to the firmware beyond the
specifications of the existing version. A point release is reserved for
modifying firmware functionality to conform to the specifications of the
existing version.
A standard release is identified by a change in the R-number of the device FID
number.
Existing firmware:
FID=SEL-2730M-R100-V0-Z001001-Dxxxxxxxx
Standard release firmware:
A point release is identified by a change in the V-number of the device FID
number.
Existing firmware:
Point release firmware:
The Z-number indicates which ACSELERATOR QuickSet SEL-5030 Software
version to use.
The release date is after the D. For example, the following is firmware version
number R100, release date June 11, 2012.
FID=SEL-2730M-R100-V0-Z001001-D20120611
Revision History Table A.1 lists the firmware versions, revision descriptions, and corresponding
instruction manual date codes.
Table A.1 Firmware Revision History (Sheet 1 of 4)
Manual
Firmware Identification (FID) Number Summary of Revisions
Date Code
SEL-2730M-R110-V0-Z009001-D20210830 ➤ Changes to the VLAN ID or IP address of management inter- 20210830

faces now take effect when the change is submitted.
➤ Added support for auto-negotiation on 1000BASE-X fiber (SFP)
ports.

A.2 Firmware and Manual Versions
Firmware
Manual
Date Code
➤ Modified the firmware to make the status of a mirror port target

available in the SNMP interface MIB.
➤ Addressed an issue in the System Time Change Syslog message
where both UTC and local time were used to describe a manual
time change.
➤ Updated the syslog report page to display syslog time stamps in
the local time zone.
➤ Removed support for DES encryption protocol option in
SNMPv3.
➤ Added a diagnostics report, which will generate a report to help
SEL diagnose field issues.
SEL-2730M-R109-V3-Z008001-D20210826 Includes all the functions of SEL-2730M-R109-V2-Z008001-D20210301 20210830
with the following addition:
➤ Addressed an issue in all prior versions of R109 firmware, where
under certain network conditions, some SEL-2730M switches
may stop processing management traffic and management inter-
faces may become unresponsive. The device remains in this state
until it is restarted.
➤ Addressed an issue with RADIUS logins where the first login
attempt for a given user, whether valid or invalid, could show the
dashboard with a partial display in read-only mode.
with the following additions:
➤ Added a downgrade blocker for the new MOT for the two fiber +
two copper ports option. Firmware versions earlier than R109-V1
will not work on this hardware variant.
➤ Added support for an additional copper SFP module.
SEL-2730M-R109-V0-Z008001-D20201117 ➤ Updated to allow selection of multiple ports to mirror. 20201117
➤ Added port monitor feature to optionally detect and disable ports
with unstable links.
➤ Updated third-party software components.
➤ Addressed an issue present in firmware releases R108-V0 and
R108-V1 where, in isolated cases, a device set to a system time
prior to 2019 and generating a large volume of syslog messages
could experience eventual failure.
➤ Revised so the re-enable port button on the RSTP page is no lon-
ger visible for view-only users.
➤ Added support for SEL-supplied copper 10/100/1000 BASE-T
SFP modules.
➤ Added new ordering option for two fiber-optic ports and two
copper ports in a specific bank of four ports.
➤ Updated so ARP responses are limited to enabled, and connected
Ethernet interfaces with the appropriate IP address.
➤ Addressed TCP SACK vulnerability.
➤ Addressed jQuery cross site scripting vulnerability.

Firmware and Manual Versions A.3
Firmware
Manual
Date Code

➤ Addressed an issue that could cause some SEL-2730M Managed
Ethernet Switches to stop processing management traffic under
certain network conditions.
SEL-2730M-R108-V0-Z007001-D20181228 ➤ Addressed an issue with the power supply not automatically 20181228
clearing an alarm once power has been restored.
➤ Added Bridge MIB support.
➤ Added MAC Address table download.
➤ Addressed an issue with the link alarms on the back port auto-
matically clearing.
➤ Created a new Eth F link alarm category for the front port.
➤ Addressed a security issue with SNMP v3 authentication.
➤ Increased security requirements for cryptography in web browser
sessions. Removed TLS v1.0 support permanently.
➤ Addressed an issue where SNMP settings are repeatedly updated,
consuming available settings memory and causing the user inter-
face to become unresponsive.
➤ Addressed an issue that could cause some SEL-2730M Managed
Ethernet Switches to stop processing management traffic under
certain network conditions.
➤ Addressed an issue caused by an interaction between the device
firmware and the flash hardware.
with the following additions:
➤ Added RADIUS protocol support.
➤ Enhanced Entity MIB support.
➤ Added UCD MIB support.
➤ Increased diagnostics refresh rate.
➤ Improved RSTP convergence with legacy devices.
➤ Removed TLS v1.0 support.
SEL-2730M-R107-V0-Z006001-D20170801 Note: This firmware was not production released. —
➤ Addressed an issue caused by an interaction between the device
firmware and the flash hardware.
SEL-2730M-R106-V0-Z005001-D20170314 ➤ Added configurable PCP priority mappings. 20170314
➤ Added support for ToS awareness and priority mapping.
➤ Added configurable alarm contact behavior.
➤ Added port alias capabilities on the dashboard.

Firmware
Manual
Date Code

➤ Addressed issue which in previous firmware caused improper
RSTP convergence in SFP ports when multiple switches turn on
at the same time.
➤ Updated cryptographic library by removing weaker algorithm
support.
SEL-2730M-R105-V0-Z004001-D20160330 ➤ Enhanced SNMP to allow operation on the front port. 20160330
➤ Improved SFP validation alarm.
➤ Improved RSTP convergence when many ports are disabled.
➤ Made improvements for manufacturability.
SEL-2730M-R104-V0-Z003001-D20141014 Note: This firmware was not production released. 20141014
➤ Removed support for MD5 from TLS/SSL.
➤ Improved fiber ports handling of link state when remote-end
device is power cycled and RSTP is enabled.
➤ Improved SEL-2730M RSTP link state handling of rapid-link
up/down events.
➤ Improved configuration of disabled fiber ports upon application
of device power.
➤ Updated OpenSSL to mitigate the POODLE vulnerability.
➤ Updated web interface to remove host header vulnerability.
➤ Disallowed downgrade below R104 to prevent backward com-
patibility issues with updated hardware.
SEL-2730M-R103-V0-Z003001-D20140814 ➤ Increased number of VLANs from 256 to 4094. 20140814
➤ Enhanced configuration UI for VLAN configuration of ports.
➤ Removed VLAN setting from Multicast MAC Filtering page.
➤ Increased MTU value to 1632 bytes for interoperability with
PRP.
➤ Support SNMPv1 requests.
➤ Fixed Traffic disruption on port mirroring settings change.
➤ Fixed GOOSE issue with non-STP BPDU Guard setting on port.
SEL-2730M-R102-V0-Z002001-D20131204 ➤ Added support for centrally managed user accounts using LDAP. 20131204
➤ Added BPDU Guard feature to protect network topology against
unexpected BPDUs.
➤ Added per-port rate limiting features to suppress storms.
➤ Added Far End Fault Indication (FEFI) to better support
redundant links.
➤ Removed support for SSLv2.
➤ Fixed intermittent issue with validation of SFP modules.
SEL-2730M-R101-V0-Z001001-D20121206 ➤ Significantly improved performance of RSTP on link changes. 20121206
➤ Improved tolerance to connection of incorrect fiber type.
SEL-2730M-R100-V0-Z001001-D20120611 ➤ Initial version. 20120611

Instruction Manual
Instruction Manual
The date code at the bottom of each page of this manual reflects the creation
or revision date.
Table A.2 lists the instruction manual versions and revision descriptions. The
most recent instruction manual revisions are listed first.
Table A.2 Instruction Manual Revision History (Sheet 1 of 5)
Date Code Summary of Revisions
20211227 Section 1
➤ Updated Figure 1.3: Rear-Panel View.
➤ Updated SEL-9330-A High-Voltage Power Supply (120–240 Vac, 125–250 Vdc), SEL-9330-C Low-Voltage
Power Supply (24–48 Vdc), Front- and Rear-Panel Diagrams, and Specifications.
20210830 Section 1
➤ Updated Product Features.
Section 5
➤ Added Hosts.
➤ Updated File Management.
➤ Updated Figure 5.34: Export Settings Page.
➤ Added Diagnostics Report.
Appendix A
➤ Updated for firmware versions R109-V3 and R110.
Appendix E
➤ Updated Table E.3: Event Logs.
20210727 Section 1
➤ Updated Dimension Drawing.
➤ Updated Specifications.
20210630 Section 1
➤ Updated Electromagnetic Compatibility Emissions in Specifications.
20210625 Section 1
➤ Updated Dimension Drawing.
➤ Updated notes in Dimension Drawing.
20210324 Section 1
➤ Updated UL listing in Specifications.
20210301 Section 2
➤ Updated Connecting to the Device.
Appendix A
➤ Updated for firmware version R109-V2.
Appendix J
➤ Updated Table J.1 SEL-2730M Port Number to ifIndex Mapping.
20201203 Section 1
➤ Updated UL listing in Specifications.
20201123 Section 2
➤ Updated Figure 2.7: Device Dashboard and Navigation Menu.
Appendix A

Instruction Manual
20201117 Section 1
➤ Added port monitoring.
➤ Updated compliance statement for Figure 1.3: Rear-Panel View.
Section 3
➤ Added note regarding Internet-Draft RFC 2307.
Section 4
➤ Changed Figure 4.4: RSTP Network Topology to reflect port number changes.
Section 5
➤ Added Port Monitor section.
Section 6
➤ Updated Table 6.1: System Status Indicators.
Appendix A
➤ Updated for firmware version R109.
Appendix E
➤ Updated Port Mirror log messages in Table E.3: Event Logs.
➤ Added Port Monitor log messages to Table E.3: Event Logs.
20200805 Section 1
➤ Updated Figure 1.1: Front-Panel View and Dimension Drawing.
Section 2
➤ Updated Figure 2.1: Commissioning Network.
20200709 Section 1
➤ Updated list of supported browsers in Software System Requirements.
Appendix A
➤ Updated for firmware versions R107-V3 and R108-V1.
20200402 Section 1
➤ Added UL MX certification to Specifications.
20190805 Section 1
20190429 Appendix A
➤ Added a new entry under firmware version R108.
20181228 Section 1
➤ Added MAC Address Download to Product Features.
Section 2
Section 5
➤ Added NTP version information.
➤ Updated Figure 5.30: Alarm Contact Page (Default Settings).
➤ Updated Table 5.24: Alarm Contact Categories.
➤ Updated Table 5.26: Latch (Automatic Clear) Behavior.
Appendix A
Appendix E
➤ Updated Table E.3: Event Logs.
20180824 Appendix A
➤ Updated for firmware versions R106-V1 and R107-V2.
20180622 Section 1
➤ Added Supported Simple Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) Fiber-Optic Ports in Specifications.

Instruction Manual
20180228 Section 1
➤ Updated Communication Product Testing in Specifications.
20171207 Section 1
➤ Added RoHS compliance to Environmental in Specifications.
20171031 General
➤ Added Appendix J: Accessing Port Information Through SNMP.
Section 1
➤ Added a note regarding isolation requirements to Figure 1.3: Rear-Panel View.
➤ Added RCM Mark to Compliance in Specifications.
➤ Updated 24/48 Volt Power Supply under General > Power Supply in Specifications.
➤ Updated Power Supply Fuse Ratings under General in Specifications.
➤ Updated Type Tests in Specifications.
Section 2
➤ Added Installing a New Web Certificate.
➤ Updated System Statistics in Device Dashboard.
Section 3
➤ Added RADIUS to Centralized User Accounts.
Section 4
➤ Updated Configure VLANs on SEL-2730M-1 and Configure VLANs on SEL-2730M-2 in Job Done Example 1.
➤ Updated Identifying the Problem in Job Done Example 2.
Section 5
➤ Updated Table 5.1: VLAN Settings, Table 5.2: RSTP Settings, Table 5.3: Port Settings, Table 5.18: Syslog
Threshold Values, Table 5.19: Syslog Destination Settings, and Table 5.23: Features.
➤ Updated Figure 5.8: Port View.
➤ Updated IP Configuration and SNMP Settings in Network Settings.
➤ Added Table 5.4: STP Mode, Table 5.17: Severity Settings, and Table 5.26: Latch (Automatic Clear) Behavior.
Section 6
➤ Updated Table 6.1: System Status Indicators.
➤ Updated Device Dashboard.
Appendix A
Appendix C
➤ Updated Logging In With SEL User-Based Accounts.
Appendix E
➤ Updated Table E.1: Syslog Message Severities Reported by the SEL-2730M.
➤ Added RADIUS messages to Table E.3: Event Logs.
Appendix F
➤ Updated Date Link Layer (Layer 2) and Transport Layer (Layer 4) in OSI Model.
20170731 Section 1
➤ Updated Type Tests in Specifications.
20170314 General
➤ Updated open-source software components to current revisions.
Section 1
➤ Updated Connections, Reset Button, and LED Indicators, Software System Requirements, and Specifications.
Section 2

Instruction Manual
Section 5
➤ Updated Switch Management.
➤ Updated Table 5.5: ETH F Network Interface Settings.
➤ Added Priority Settings.
➤ Updated Alarm Contact.
Appendix A
20160812 Appendix A
20160330 Section 1
Section 4
➤ Updated Table 4.2: VLAN 10 Configuration, Table 4.3: VLAN 20 Configuration, and Table 4.4: VLAN 30 Con-
figuration.
Appendix A
➤ Updated to include information on point releases.
Appendix B
➤ Updated to include information on point releases.
20160218 Preface
➤ Updated Safety Information.
➤ Added Trademarks.
Section 1
➤ Moved Open Source Software to Preface.
➤ Updated Table 1.7: Alarm Contact Ratings.
20150901 Preface
➤ Updated General Safety Marks.
Section 1
➤ Added Open Source Software subsection.
Section 2
➤ Added Battery Change Instructions subsection.
20150630 Section 1
20150522 Section 1
20150325 Section 1
➤ Updated Status Indicators.
Section 3
➤ Updated Figure 3.3–Figure 3.9.
Section 4
➤ Updated Figure 4.2.
➤ Updated Job Done Example 3.
20141218 Preface
➤ Updated Safety Information
Section 1

Instruction Manual
20141014 Appendix A
20140814 Section 1
Section 2
➤ Updated Navigating the User Interface.
➤ Updated Device Dashboard.
Section 4
➤ Updated Configure VLANs on SEL-2730M–1.
➤ Updated Configure VLANs on SEL-2730M–2.
Section 5
➤ Updated VLAN Settings.
➤ Updated Figure 5.14 Add New Filter.
Section 6
➤ Updated Figure 6.2 Device Dashboard.
Appendix A
20140425 Section 1
20131204 Section 1
➤ Updated Communications Ports in Specifications.
Section 2
➤ Updated Figure 2.12: Version Information.
Section 3
➤ Added LDAP functionality description and settings.
Section 5
➤ Updated Figure 5.13: Port Mirroring.
Appendix A
Appendix D
➤ New appendix with information about LDAP.
Appendix I
➤ Updated X.509 Certificates.
➤ Updated Digital Signatures.
➤ Updated Public Key Infrastructure.
20130429 Section 1
➤ Updated Power Supply in Specifications.
20130416 Section 1
20121206 Appendix A
20120611 ➤ Initial version.

Appendix B
Firmware Upgrade Instructions
Introduction
These instructions guide you through the process of upgrading firmware in the
device. The firmware upgrade will be either a standard release or a point
release. A standard release adds new functionality to the firmware beyond the
specifications of the existing version. A point release is reserved for
modifying firmware functionality to conform to the specifications of the
existing version.
A standard release is identified by a change in the R-number of the device
firmware identification (FID) number.
Existing firmware:
Standard release firmware:
A point release is identified by a change in the V-number of the device FID
number.
Existing firmware:
Point release firmware:
The release date is after the D. For example, the following is firmware version
number R100, release date June 11, 2012.
FID=SEL-2730M-R100-V0-Z001001-D20120611
Firmware Files SEL-2730M firmware upgrade files have a tar.gz file name extension. An
example firmware filename is install_2730M_R100.tar.gz.
The firmware packages are cryptographically signed to enable the device to
recognize official SEL firmware. Any uploaded files that cannot be verified as
being produced by SEL will not be processed.

B.2 Firmware Upgrade Instructions
Firmware Upgrade Procedure
Firmware Upgrade Procedure

To perform an upgrade you will need the appropriate firmware upgrade file
and access to an administrative account on the device. Upgrade the device
firmware by uploading a file from a personal computer to the device via the
web interface. All firmware updates are logged. Perform the following steps to
upgrade the SEL-2730M firmware:
Step 1. Log in using an account with administrative-level privileges.
Nonadministrative accounts cannot perform firmware
upgrades.
Step 2. Select the File Management link from the navigation panel.
This will show the File Management page, where firmware
upgrades may be performed.
Step 3. In the File Management window, select the Firmware
Upgrade button, which will show the version of the currently
running firmware and allow you to choose the upgrade file to
upload to the unit (see Figure B.1).
Figure B.1 File Management
Step 4. Enter the path name for the upgrade file. To locate the file
instead using the Windows file browser, select the Browse
button, navigate to the location where the upgrade file is stored,
select it, and select Open.
Step 5. Select the Upgrade button at the bottom of the page to upload
and install the new firmware. The Upgrading Firmware status
display will appear and periodically update the shown progress
of the upgrade operation as it proceeds. Firmware update takes
about 10 minutes to complete.
Technical Support
We appreciate your interest in SEL products and services. If you have
Tel: +1.509.338.3838
Fax: +1.509.332.7990

Appendix C
User-Based Accounts
Introduction
Local accounts are the engineering access accounts that reside on SEL
products. SEL has historically used global accounts such as ACC and 2AC
and a password associated with each to control access to SEL devices. With
global accounts, every user has the same login credentials (username and
password), which weakens the security of the system. To strengthen
authentication, authorization, and accountability, this SEL product uses a user-
based account structure.
Benefits of User-Based Accounts

User-based accounts allow for a stronger security posture than global
accounts. One of the drawbacks of global accounts is that when an
individual’s privileges are revoked, either everyone who uses that account is
temporarily without access or there exists an unauthorized individual with
secret knowledge that individual can use or sell for malicious purposes. User-
based accounts correct this problem with the ability to disable or remove one
individual’s account without affecting access for anyone else.
Similarly, when password changes are required, either because of a
compromised system, routine maintenance, or regulatory requirements, users
will not need to remember several new and different global passwords. They
will only need to remember their own personal password changes. This
increases security by reducing the need to write passwords down and by
reducing the chance that an unauthorized individual might obtain an active
password.
Three key parts of strong access control are authentication, authorization, and
accountability. Authentication is the process of verifying that users are whom
they claim to be. This is very difficult to do reliably with global accounts
because of the nature of shared passwords. User-based accounts allow for the
reliable authentication of individual users of a system. This creates more trust
that those who access the system are whom they claim to be.
Authorization is the process of granting privileges to users of a system. You
can perform authorization with global accounts when the accounts are
organized into access roles, such as with ACC and 2AC. However, unless you
have many roles (and, therefore, a large number of shared passwords), it is
difficult to assign privileges granularly to global accounts. You can use user-
based accounts to assign specific privileges to users of a system.

C.2 User-Based Accounts
Administration of User-Based Accounts
Accountability is the idea that individual users can be held responsible for
their actions on a system. The lack of authentication with global accounts
creates too much opportunity to cast doubt on one’s activities, making
accountability difficult to enforce. The ability to clearly authenticate a user to
the individual level allows all actions to be assigned to specific users.
Accountability is very important to event tracking and forensic investigations.
Administration of User-Based Accounts

This product comes unconfigured from the factory. This means that there are
no user accounts installed. To access the product, you must create an initial
account through the commissioning page. This account is authorized to add,
remove, enable, and disable system users. Only the individual who creates this
account should have knowledge of this account password.
It is possible to create other accounts that can manage users. Only those users
with a need to manage user accounts should be a member of the User Manager
or Administrator group.
The SEL-2730M stores user accounts in nonvolatile memory. This allows the
device to maintain account status through power cycles and other unexpected
events.
Acceptable Use Banner

Prior to logging in to this SEL product, any potential user will see a use
banner. The use banner is a programmable message indicating what
constitutes appropriate use of this device and potential consequences for
abusing this device. The default use banner for SEL products is the same as
the recommended use banner for the National Institute of Standards and
Technology:
This system is for the use of authorized users only. Individuals using this
system without authority or in excess of their authority, are subject to
having all their activities on this system monitored and recorded by
system personnel. Anyone using this system expressly consents to such
monitoring and is advised that if such monitoring reveals possible
evidence of criminal activity, system personnel may provide the evidence
of such activity to law enforcement officials.
Logging In With SEL User-Based Accounts

Upon connection to this SEL product, the SEL-2730M directs the user to a
login page with a banner and a login prompt. The login prompt includes fields
for entering a username and the corresponding password. To log in to the
SEL-2730M, the user must enter a valid username and the appropriate
password. Usernames are case insensitive and unique to each individual with
authority to access the device. Users who enter valid usernames and matching
passwords have access to the device.

User-Based Accounts C.3
Passphrases
The SEL-2730M rejects a login attempt and returns an error if the username
and corresponding password do not match a local user or if the LDAP or
RADIUS server rejects the login attempt (if configured). After three failed
login attempts within a one-minute period, this SEL product disallows access
attempts with the locked username for 30 seconds. Additionally, the
SEL-2730M pulses the alarm contact for one second to provide an alert to the
control center that a failed login attempt has occurred (if the Authentication
alarm contact category is enabled and set to Pulse). These security features are
designed to prevent and slow down password guessing attacks. Login failure
can occur if the username or password is incorrect or the user’s account is
disabled. Check the spelling of the username and password if an access
attempt fails. If you are certain that you entered the username and password
correctly, contact your system administrator to verify that your account has
not been disabled.
Passphrases
Passphrases provide a user the ability to create strong and easy-to-remember
passwords that protect access to a system. A strong passphrase includes many
different characters from many different character sets. Longer passphrases
provide greater security than shorter passphrases. SEL user-based accounts
support complex passphrases that must include at least one character from
each of the following character sets.
➤ Uppercase letters
➤ Lowercase letters
➤ Digits
➤ Special characters
Additionally, passphrases must be at least eight characters in length. Spaces

are allowed in passphrases.
Users with administrative access can set or change passphrases for any user of
the system. Users without administrative access can only change their own
passphrases. For the protection of your account, this SEL product will never
display, transmit, or store a passphrase in clear text.

Appendix D
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
SEL-2730M LDAP Client Implementation

LDAP allows the SEL-2730M to bind with existing centralized account
directories, such as Microsoft Active Directory, for user authentication and
authorization. SEL’s specific LDAP implementation uses the StartTLS
method for securing LDAP data from the device to the centralized account
server. See Figure D.1 for information about the LDAP interaction between
the SEL LDAP client and the centralized server.
LDAP Server
SEL LDAP Client
SEL-2730M SEL-3354
Open TCP Port
TCP Port opened
Start TLS
Here is my X.509 certificate
Certificate verified by SEL LDAP client
LDAP bind with credentials
Credentials verified
Begin LDAP Transactions
Figure D.1 LDAP Transaction
Certificate Chain
When an SEL device receives an X.509 certificate from an LDAP server
during a StartTLS exchange prior to LDAP bind, you will need to have the
certificate chain stored locally. The certificate chain, also known as the
certification path, is a list of certificates used to authenticate the LDAP server.
The chain, or path, begins with the certificate of the LDAP server (the one the
SEL device receives), and each certificate in the chain is signed by the

D.2 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LDAP Settings Form
certificate authority (CA) identified by the next certificate in the chain. The
chain terminates with a root CA certificate. The root CA certificate is always
signed by the CA itself. The signatures of all certificates in the chain must be
verified by the SEL LDAP client until the root CA certificate is reached. The
Distinguished Name (DN) of the X.509 certificate the LDAP server uses to
authenticate to the SEL LDAP client must match the LDAP server name (i.e.,
LDAP server “3354.x509.local” must match its certificate DN
“3354.x509.local”).
LDAP Settings Form

LDAP Hosts
(Input these settings on the Hosts page, need at least one):
Hostname: IP Address:
Hostname: IP Address:
LDAP Settings
(Input these settings on the LDAP Settings page):
TLS Required (Yes/No): Synchronization Interval (Hours):
Search Base:
User ID Attribute:
Group Member Attribute:
Bind DN (optional, if left blank will use anonymous binds):
Bind DN Password (optional, required only if not using anonymous binds):
LDAP Servers
(Input these settings on the LDAP Settings page, need at least one):
Hostname: Port Number:
Hostname: Port Number:
Device Roles
(Required to map user privileges, input these settings on the LDAP settings page):
Administrator Group/User DN:
Engineer Group/User DN:
User Manager Group/User DN
Monitor Group/User DN

Appendix E
Syslog
Introduction
The Syslog Protocol, defined in RFC 3164, provides a transport to allow a
device to send system event notification messages across IP networks to
remote Syslog servers. Syslog is commonly used to send system logs such as
security events, system events, and status messages useful in troubleshooting,
auditing, and event investigations. The Syslog packet size is limited to 1024
bytes and is formatted into three parts: PRI, HEADER, and MSG.
1. PRI: The priority part of a Syslog packet is a number enclosed
in angle brackets that represents both the Facility and Severity
of the message. The Priority value is calculated by multiplying
the Facility numerical code by 8 and adding the numerical
value of the Severity. For example, a kernel message
(Facility = 0) with a Severity of Emergency (Severity = 0)
would have a Priority of 0. Also, a “local use 4” message
(Facility = 20) with a Severity of Notice (Severity = 5) would
have a Priority value of 165. In the PRI part of the Syslog
message, these values would be placed between the angle
brackets as <0> and <165> respectively.
Higher severities have lower numerical codes, as shown in Table E.1.
Table E.1 Syslog Message Severities Reported by the SEL-2730M
Numerical Code Severity
1 Alert
2 Critical
3 Error
4 Warning
5 Notice
6 Informational
The Facility code (Table E.2) defines from which application group the
message originated.
Table E.2 Syslog Message Facilities (Sheet 1 of 2)
Numerical Code Facility
0 Kernel messages
1 User-level messages
2 Mail system
3 System daemons
4 Security/authorization messagesa

E.2 Syslog
Introduction
Table E.2 Syslog Message Facilities (Sheet 2 of 2)
Numerical Code Facility
5 Messages generated internally by Syslog

6 Line printer subsystem
7 Network news subsystem
8 UUCP subsystem
9 Clock daemonb
10 Security authorization messagesa
11 FTP daemon
12 NTP subsystem
13 Log audita
14 Log auditb
15 Clock daemonb
16 Local use 0 (local 0)
a Various operating systems have been found to use Facilities 4, 10, 13, and 14 for security/
authorization, audit, and alert messages that seem to be similar.
b Various operating systems have been found to use both Facilities 9 and 15 for clock (cron/at)
messages.
Source: www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc5424.html
2. HEADER: The header of a Syslog packet contains the time

stamp and the source of the message. The IP address or the
hostname defines the source of the message originator. Time
stamps are based on the time of the originating host, so it is
critical to have time synchronized across devices for the entire
network to accurately perform log analysis and event
correlation.
3. MSG: The message part of a Syslog packet contains the source
program that triggered the message and the human-readable
body of the message.
A sample Syslog message has been provided below. This particular message
shows an invalid login attempt on July 09, 2009, at 08:17:29 to “myhostname”
for user root from the IP address 192.168.1.1. The priority of this message is
34.
<34>Jul 09 2009 08:17:29 myhostname Invalid login attempt by:
root at 192.168.1.1
The Syslog message has been divided into each respective part as shown here.
PRI HEADER MSG
<34> Jul 09 2009 08:17:29 myhostname Invalid login attempt by: root at 192.168.1.1

Syslog E.3
Remote Syslog Servers
Remote Syslog Servers

Syslog messages are stored locally and optionally sent to remote Syslog
servers. The local buffers are circular in nature so that newer messages
overwrite older messages after the buffer is filled. Support for multiple remote
Syslog servers provide the added benefits of centralized logging including
larger storage capacity, centralized event analysis and correlation, and archival
of event logs. In Figure E.1, remote devices are configured to send Syslog
messages to the remote Syslog server on the other end of the VPN tunnel.
Syslog compatible devices are able to send logs to the central Syslog server in
this example for centralized logging, reporting, and event correlation. The
Syslog Protocol uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port 514 to send Syslog
messages to remote Syslog servers.
PSTN
SEL-
3025 SEL-351
Syslog Message Flow SEL-2730M
VPN SEL-3620
SEL-351
Central Syslog
Server
SEL-351
Figure E.1 Central Syslog Server
Open-Source Syslog Servers

Most Linux and UNIX distributions include a native Syslog server that can be
used for a central Syslog server solution. Syslog-ng (www.balabit.com) is also
an excellent solution with added functionality that can be used if not already
included in your distribution. Syslog server solutions for Microsoft Windows are
typically commercial or have limited feature sets if offered at no charge.
SEL-2730M Event Logs

The SEL-2730M records and time-stamps all events in the Syslog format
consistent with the Syslog description from RFC 3164. Table E.3 lists all of
the events that the SEL-2730M logs and the record that is generated with each
of these events.
Log messages may contain words or phrases in brackets such as {username}.
This notation indicates that this is a variable that will be replaced with the
value being logged. For example, the {username} in Syslog message User
account {username} locked out due to consecutive failed login
attempts would be replaced with the actual username that was locked out.

E.4 Syslog
Table E.3 Event Logs (Sheet 1 of 6)
Message Tag Name Severity Facility
Commissioning
Device commissioned by {username} at {IP address} Commissioning Notice SECURITY
User Configuration
User {username}: created by {username} at {IP address} UserConfig Warning SECURITY
User {username}: deleted by {username} at {IP address} UserConfig Warning SECURITY
User {username}: enabled by {username} at {IP address} UserConfig Notice SECURITY
User {username}: disabled by {username} at {IP address} UserConfig Notice SECURITY
User {username}: password set by {username} at {IP address} UserConfig Warning SECURITY
User {username}: attributes changed by {username} at {IP address} UserConfig Notice SECURITY
Login
Login to {interface}: successful by {username} at {IP address} Login Notice SECURITY
Login to {interface}: failed from {IP address} Login Notice SECURITY
Logout {interface}: {username} at {IP address} Login Notice SECURITY
User account {username} locked out due to consecutive failed login Login Warning SECURITY
attempts
User account {username} timeout Login Warning SECURITY
LDAP
LDAP: settings changed by {username} at {IP address} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
LDAP: enabled by {username} at {IP address} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
LDAP: disabled by {username} at {IP address} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
LDAP Search Base: changed by {username} at {IP address} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
LDAP User ID Attribute: changed by {username} at {IP address} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
LDAP Group Membership Attribute: changed by {username} at LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
{IP address}
LDAP Synchronization Interval: changed by {username} at {IP address} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
LDAP Bind DN: changed by {username} at {IP address} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
LDAP Bind DN Password: changed by {username} at {IP address} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
LDAP Server {hostname}: created by {username} at {IP address} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
LDAP Server {hostname}: deleted by {username} at {IP address} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
LDAP Server {previous_hostname} Hostname: changed to LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
{post_hostname} by {username} at {IP address}
LDAP Server {hostname} Port: port number changed by {username} at LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
{IP address}
LDAP Group Mapping: {privilege level} mapping created by {username} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
at {IP address}
LDAP Group Mapping: {privilege level} mapping deleted by {username} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
at {IP address}
LDAP User Attribute Mappings: changed by {username} at {IP address} LDAPConfig Warning SECURITY
LDAP: Unable to connect to server at {hostname}:{port} LDAP Error SECURITY
LDAP: {hostname}:{port} does not respond LDAP Error SECURITY
LDAP: LDAP version used by server {hostname}:{port} is not supported LDAP Error SECURITY
LDAP: Unable to start TLS session with {hostname}:{port} LDAP Error SECURITY
LDAP: The certificate presented by {hostname}:{port} is invalid LDAP Error SECURITY

Syslog E.5
LDAP: The hostname of the certificate presented by {hostname}:{port} LDAP Error SECURITY
does not match
LDAP: The issuing authority of the certificate presented by LDAP Error SECURITY
{hostname}:{port} is untrusted
LDAP: The certificate presented by {hostname}:{port} is expired LDAP Error SECURITY
LDAP: Search base entry not found on server {hostname}:{port} LDAP Error SECURITY
LDAP: User ID Filter syntax invalid for server {hostname}:{port} LDAP Error SECURITY
LDAP: Group Filter syntax invalid for server {hostname}:{port} LDAP Error SECURITY
LDAP: Group Filter search on server {hostname}:{port} returned no LDAP Error SECURITY
groups
LDAP: No Group Mappings set for server {hostname}:{port} LDAP Error SECURITY
LDAP: Bind DN authentication failed on server {hostname}:{port} LDAP Error SECURITY
LDAP: An error occurred during authentication or authorization on server LDAP Error SECURITY
{hostname}:{port}
LDAP: One or more of the user-configured DNs for server LDAP Error SECURITY
{hostname}:{port} contains syntax errors.
LDAP: Server {hostname}:{port} returned a DN that was longer than LDAP Error SECURITY
4096 bytes. That DN was ignored.
LDAP: An error occurred during Bind DN authentication on server LDAP Error SECURITY
{hostname}:{port}
LDAP: An error occurred when searching for a DN on the server LDAP Error SECURITY
{hostname}:{port}
LDAP: An error occurred when searching for the user’s DN on the server LDAP Error SECURITY
{hostname}:{port}
Miscellaneous Configuration
Usage Policy: changed by {username} at {IP address} Config Notice SECURITY
System Contact Information: changed by {username} at {IP address} Config Notice USER
Port Mirror
Port Mirroring enabled on {target_port} by {username} at {user_ip} PortMirrorConfig Notice USER
Port Mirroring disabled on {target_port} by {username} at {user_ip} PortMirrorConfig Notice USER
Port Mirroring target port changed from {previous_target_port_id} to PortMirrorConfig Notice USER
{new_target_port_id} by {username} at {user_ip}
Port Mirroring source ports changed by {username} at {user_ip} PortMirrorConfig Notice USER
Port Monitor
Port {port #} exceeded link flap threshold PortMonitor Error SYSTEM
Port {port #} detected {x} RX Checksum Errors within monitor window PortMonitor Notice SYSTEM
Port {port #} disabled: exceeded link flap threshold PortMonitor Error SYSTEM
Port {port #} disabled: exceeded RX Checksum Error rate limit PortMonitor Error SYSTEM
Port {port #} restored by {username} at {user_ip} PortMonitor Notice USER
Settings changed by {username} at {user_ip} PortMonitorConfig Notice SECURITY
Ports
Port Settings: changed by {username} at {IP address} Config Notice SYSTEM
Port {number} changed link state to up Link Up/Down Notice SYSTEM
Port {number} changed link state to down Link Up/Down Notice SYSTEM
Front Port changed link state up Link Up/Down Notice SYSTEM

E.6 Syslog
Front Port changed link state down Link Up/Down Notice SYSTEM
Rate Limiting Settings: changed on port {number} by {username} at RateLimitingConfig Notice USER
{IP address}.
Firmware
Firmware update from {previous version} to {current version} succeeded Firmware Warning SYSTEM
Uploaded firmware update package is corrupted; unable to decrypt the Firmware Error SYSTEM
firmware update package or validate the signature on the firmware update
package
Firmware: reversion to previous version initiated by {username} at Firmware Warning USER
{IP address}
The firmware update from {0} to new version failed with an error of Firmware Critical SYSTEM
{code}. Please contact Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. for
assistance.
Firmware: update to new version initiated by {username} at {IP address} Firmware Notice USER
VLAN Configuration
VLAN {VID}: updated by {username} at {IP address} VLANConfig Notice USER
VLAN-aware mode disabled by {username} at {IP address} VLANConfig Notice USER
VLAN-aware mode enabled by {username} at {IP address} VLANConfig Notice USER
VLAN {VID}: created by {username} at {IP address} VLANConfig Notice USER
VLAN {VID}: deleted by {username} at {IP address} VLANConfig Notice USER
Multicast MAC Filtering
Static Multicast MAC Group {number}: updated by {username} at StaticMulticastMAC Notice USER
{IP address}
Static Multicast MAC Group {number}: deleted by {username} at StaticMulticastMAC Notice USER
{IP address}
Static Multicast MAC Group {number}: created by {username} at StaticMulticastMAC Notice USER
{IP address}
Port Mirroring
Port Mirroring Source Ports: changed by {username} at {IP address} PortMirroringConfig Notice USER
Port Mirroring disabled on {port} by {username} at {IP address} PortMirroring Notice USER
Port Mirroring enabled on {port} by {username} at {IP address} PortMirroring Notice USER
Port Mirroring target port changed from none to {port} by {username} at PortMirroringConfig Notice USER
{IP address}
Port Mirroring target port changed from {port} to none by {username} at PortMirroringConfig Notice USER
{IP address}
Spanning Tree
Spanning Tree: {hostname} has become the root bridge SpanningTree Notice SYSTEM
Spanning Tree: Configuration changed by {username} at {IP address} SpanningTree Notice USER
Spanning Tree: Port {number} transitioned from {1} to {2} SpanningTree Informational SYSTEM
Spanning Tree: Port {number} transitioned from {1} to {2} SpanningTree Notice SYSTEM
RSTP
BPDU received, port {port_number} disabled. SpanningTree Notice SYSTEM
BPDU Guard timeout reached. Port {port_number} enabled. SpanningTree Notice SYSTEM
BPDU Guard overridden by {username} at {IP address} Port SpanningTree Notice SYSTEM
{port_number} enabled.

Syslog E.7
Class of Service Configuration

Class of Service queuing changed from {previous value} to Config Notice USER
{current value} by {username} at {IP address}
MAC-Based Port Security
MAC-Based Port Security: configuration changed on port {0} by Config Notice SECURITY
{username} at {IP address}
MAC addresses locked due to time lock expiration PortSecurity Notice SYSTEM
Maximum number of MAC addresses learned PortSecurity Error SYSTEM
Maximum number of learned MAC addresses reached. Configuration PortSecurity Notice SYSTEM
locked.
Unauthorized address {MAC address} on port {port number} PortSecurity Critical SECURITY
Address table overflow resulting from hash collision when attempting to PortSecurity Error SYSTEM
insert {MAC address} on port {port number}
Alarm Contact
Alarm Contact: configuration changed by {username} at {IP address} Alarm Contact Notice USER
X.509 Certificate
X.509 certificate generation started by {username} at {IP address} X509Config Notice SECURITY
X.509 certificate {alias} has expired; communications requiring X.509 X509Config Alert SYSTEM
based authentication may have stopped
X.509 certificate {alias} Alias: certificate changed to {new alias} by X509Config Notice USER
{username} at {IP address}
X.509 certificate {alias} will expire in {number} days; communications X509Config Critical SYSTEM
requiring X.509 based authentication may be affected when it expires
X.509 certificate {alias} will expire in {number} days; communications X509Config Warning SYSTEM
X.509 certificate {alias}: certificate generation completed successfully X509Config Notice SECURITY
X.509 certificate {alias} will expire in {number} days; communications X509Config Notice SYSTEM
X.509 certificate {alias}: certificate import completed successfully X509Config Notice SECURITY
X.509 certificate import failed X509Config Warning SECURITY
X.509 certificate import started by {username} at {IP address} X509Config Notice SECURITY
X.509 certificate generation failed X509Config Warning SECURITY
X.509 certificate {alias}: certificate exported by {username} at X509Config Notice USER
{IP address}
Networking Configuration
Global Network Settings: changed by {username} at {IP address} NetworkConfig Notice USER
Network Interface {alias}: changed by {username} at {IP address} NetworkConfig Notice USER
Captive Port
Captive Port: disabled by {username} at {IP address} CaptivePortConfig Notice USER
Captive Port: enabled by {username} at {IP address} CaptivePortConfig Notice USER
Hosts
Host Settings: Added host {new_hostname} with IP address {ip_address} HostConfig Notice USER
by {username} at {IP address}.
Host Settings: Changed hostname {old_hostname} with IP address HostConfig Notice USER
{old_ip_address} to {new_hostname} with IP address {new_ip_address}
by {username} at {IP address}.

E.8 Syslog
Host Settings: Removed host {old_hostname} with IP address HostConfig Notice USER
{ip_address} by {username} at {IP address}.
SNMP
SNMP Settings: changed by {username} at {IP address} SNMPConfig Informational USER
Syslog
Syslog Settings: changed by {username} at {IP address} SyslogConfig Notice USER
Syslog Destination {number}: created by {username} at {IP address} SyslogConfig Notice USER
Syslog Destination {number}: deleted by {username} at {IP address} SyslogConfig Warning USER
Syslog Destination {number} Settings: modified by {username} at SyslogConfig Warning USER
{IP address}
Local Syslog Event Queue contains >= 90% unacknowledged events Syslog Critical SYSTEM
Local Syslog Event Queue contains <= 80% unacknowledged events Syslog Notice SYSTEM
Local Syslog Event Queue contains >= 75% unacknowledged events Syslog Warning SYSTEM
Local Syslog Event Queue contains <= 65% unacknowledged events Syslog Notice SYSTEM
Syslog events acknowledged by {username} at {IP address} Syslog Notice USER
The {0} event queue overflowed Syslog Critical SYSTEM
The {0} event queue left the overflow condition. Approximately Syslog Notice SYSTEM
{number} events were lost.
Date/Time
Time Zone: changed from {0} to {1} by {username} at {IP address} DateTimeConfig Notice USER
System Time: changed from {0} to {1} by {username} at {IP address} DateTimeConfig Notice USER
Time Source: set to {0} by {username} at {IP address} DateTimeConfig Notice USER
NTP: server mode enabled by {username} at {IP address} DateTimeConfig Notice USER
NTP Server {priority}: created by {username} at {IP address} DateTimeConfig Notice USER
NTP Server {priority}: deleted by {username} at {IP address} DateTimeConfig Notice USER
NTP: server mode disabled by {username} at {IP address} DateTimeConfig Notice USER
System Time: synchronized via NTP DateTime Notice SYSTEM
System Time: lost synchronization to external source DateTime Warning SYSTEM
System Time: manually synchronized to external source by {username} at DateTime Notice USER
{IP address}
Configuration File Import and Export
Configuration file import started by {username} at {IP address} ImportExport Notice USER
Configuration file import successful ImportExport Notice USER
Configuration file import failed ImportExport Warning USER
Configuration file export started by {username} at {IP address} ImportExport Notice USER
Configuration file export successful ImportExport Notice USER
Configuration file export failed ImportExport Warning USER
Device Reset
Device initialization completed Power Notice SYSTEM
Device reset because of hardware watchdog Power Critical SYSTEM
Device rebooted by {username} at {IP address} Power Error USER
Device factory reset initiated by {username} at {IP address} Commissioning Notice SECURITY

Syslog E.9
Device factory reset initiated through pinhole button PushbuttonReset Notice USER
Front management port reset initiated through pinhole button PushbuttonReset Alert USER
RADIUS
{username} at {IP address} enabled RADIUS RADIUSConfig Warning SECURITY
{username} at {IP address} disabled RADIUS RADIUSConfig Warning SECURITY
{username} at {IP address} modified RADIUS settings RADIUSConfig Notice SECURITY
Rejected login attempt because no response from the RADIUS server RADIUS Warning SECURITY
received within the retransmission timeout
Active RADIUS server is now {priority} RADIUS Notice SECURITY
Rejected login attempt by user {username} because RADIUS server RADIUS Error SECURITY
{priority} replied without an SEL-User-Role attribute
Rejected login attempt by user {username} because RADIUS server RADIUS Error SECURITY
{priority} replied with an SEL-User-Role attribute containing an
unrecognizable user role
Rejected login attempt because the common name in the X.509 certificate RADIUS Error SECURITY
sent by the RADIUS server {priority} did not match the hostname of the
RADIUS server on the RADIUS page
Rejected login attempt because RADIUS server {priority} sent an X.509 RADIUS Error SECURITY
certificate with an unknown or untrusted certificate authority
Rejected login attempt because RADIUS server {priority} sent an expired RADIUS Error SECURITY
or not yet valid X.509 certificate
Diagnostics
Diagnostic report generated by {username} at {IP address} Diagnostics Notice USER

Appendix F
Networking Fundamentals
Introduction
A telecommunications network can be as simple as two devices linked
together for information sharing or as complex as the internet involving many
devices serving a multitude of purposes. In either case, networking devices
need a common model for interconnectivity across a diverse set of
communications media, manufacturer equipment, protocols, and applications.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed the Open
Systems Interconnection (OSI) model to serve this purpose. The OSI model
has been in use for decades as a reference model that describes the
fundamental concepts and approach to interconnecting heterogeneous systems
by abstracting the model into seven logical layers. This appendix introduces
networking fundamentals and illustrates how device communication occurs
across disparate networks.
OSI Model
The OSI model consists of seven conceptual layers, as shown in Figure F.1.
Each layer is relatively independent of the other layers and only needs to know
how to communicate with the adjacent layers. This independence has allowed
manufacturers to develop implementations at their respective OSI layers and
still be interoperable with implementations at completely different layers. For
example, a program interfacing at the Application Layer does not need to
know if the data being transmitted will traverse over a Cat 5 cable, serial, or
radio physical medium.

F.2 Networking Fundamentals
OSI Model
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
1100101010101010101010111011010101000011111100010101
Figure F.1 OSI Model
Physical Layer The primary responsibility of the Physical Layer is transmitting data across a
communications medium from one device to another. This layer defines the
(Layer 1) electrical and mechanical interfaces such as the hardware network interface
cards use in interfacing with the physical medium that carries the bit stream. A
Physical Layer device simply transmits or receives data and lacks any
knowledge of the data that it transmits. Copper and fiber are both examples of
physical media in common use. Network hubs and repeaters are devices
common to this layer.
Data Link Layer The Data Link Layer is responsible for providing transit of data across
physical mediums by controlling access control, data framing, and error
(Layer 2) detection, as well as providing physical addressing. Directly connected
devices (Figure F.2) communicate at this layer without the need for a Layer 3
device, such as a router.
Device A Device B Device C
Ethernet Segment 1
Figure F.2 Ethernet Segment

Networking Fundamentals F.3
OSI Model
MAC addresses are physical addresses that are embedded into the hardware
and determine how devices should identify each other uniquely on the same
network segment.
At this layer, devices organize data they receive into frames that encapsulate
the data from higher layers. Figure F.3 depicts an example of an Ethernet
frame.
01 23 45 67 89 AB 98 76 54 32 10 CD 08 00 IP, ARP, etc. 02 31 4A 50

Destination MAC Address Source MAC Address EtherType Payload CRC Checksum
Ethernet Header (14 bytes) Data (46—1500 bytes) (4 bytes)
Ethernet Type II Frame (64–1518 bytes)
Figure F.3 Ethernet Frame
The Ethernet frame in Figure F.3 includes the following components:

➤ Ethernet Header: Includes the source and destination MAC
addresses that determine which devices are communicating on
the network. Also included is the EtherType, which defines the
type of Ethernet framing used.
➤ Data: The data field includes the payload type as well as the
actual data transmitted.
➤ CRC Checksum: The CRC checksum provides error checking
to verify that the data were not corrupted during transit.
Network Layer The Network Layer is responsible for transmitting data from one device to
another device that is on a separate network segment. The separate network
(Layer 3) segment could be within close proximity, such as within the same building, or
in a completely different country, as seen with the internet.
Addressing, routing, fragmentation, and error handling are all functions of the
Network Layer.
Layer 3 addressing is different from Layer 2 addressing, in that Layer 3
addresses are logical. Logical addresses are hardware-independent, unlike
MAC addresses that are assigned to specific hardware. The Network Layer
manages mappings between these logical addresses and physical addresses.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) performs this mapping in IPv4 networks.
The most common Layer 3 addressing scheme is IP addressing. IP addresses
are 32-bit addresses, commonly denoted in dotted-decimal notation, that
identify devices across different network segments.
Table F.1 shows an example IP address of 192.168.254.1 in dotted-decimal
notation, with the equivalent 32-bit binary notation. Each 8-bit octet value is
equivalent to the decimal value in the dotted-decimal notation. For example,
the first binary octet of 11000000 is equivalent to 192 in the first octet of the
dotted-decimal notation.
Table F.1 Sample IP Address
Dotted-Decimal Notation 192.168.254.1

32-Bit Binary Notation 11000000.10101000.11111110.00000001
Routing is necessary to define the traffic’s path between two networks. In

Figure F.4, there are two IP networks, 192.168.254.0/24 and 10.10.10.0/24,
with a router between the two networks. The router provides the ability for
Device A, Device B, and Device C to communicate with Device D, Device E,

F.4 Networking Fundamentals
OSI Model
and Device F. Without this router, these devices would not be able to
communicate with each other. Device A, Device B, and Device C can all
communicate among each other without the need for a router, as described in
Data Link Layer (Layer 2). The same is true for communication among
Device D, Device E, and Device F.
192.168.254.0/24
(.10) (.11) (.12)
Ethernet Segment 1
192.168.254.1
Router
10.10.10.1
Ethernet Segment 2
Device D Device E Device F
(.10) (.11) (.12)

10.10.10.0/24
Figure F.4 Layer 3 IP Network
Transport Layer When data arrive at a network device that the Network Layer determines is the
final destination, the Network Layer formats the data and passes the
(Layer 4) information to the Transport Layer. This layer is responsible for processing
level addressing, segmentation, connection management, and flow control.
Flow control manages the amount of data transmitted between communicating
devices so that the sending device does not send more data than the receiving
device can process.
Each Transport Layer protocol handles error recovery differently, but it
typically involves requesting data retransmission if a device detects an error.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the Transport Layer protocol the
TCP/IP suite uses to provide reliable, end-to-end communication. The suite
also includes User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as a connectionless protocol,
meaning that data transmission occurs with no guarantee of successful
delivery.

Networking Fundamentals F.5
OSI Model
Connection-Oriented Versus Connectionless

Connection-oriented protocols, such as TCP, establish a connection between
the sending device and the receiving device prior to data transmission. These
protocols make the connection between two devices through a three-way
handshake (Figure F.5). The three steps in the handshake are as follows:
1. The sending device sends a synchronization (SYN) packet to
the receiving device.
2. The receiving device sends back a synchronization/
acknowledgment (SYN/ACK) packet to the sending device.
3. The sending device completes the three-way handshake by
sending an acknowledgment (ACK) to the receiving device.
SYN
SYN/ACK
ACK
Sending Device Receiving Device

Figure F.5 TCP Three-Way Handshake
At the completion of the three-way handshake, a connection is established and

the two devices can begin transmitting and receiving data. The connection is
maintained between the two devices throughout the session, providing a
reliable connection and verification of data transmission.
In a connectionless protocol, such as UDP, there is no established connection
prior to data transmission. There is also no retained connection at any point
during data transmission. The protocol is connectionless, so routing
information must accompany each data packet to provide information on how
the data should traverse the network. Connectionless protocols provide no
means for data transmission verification and are often referred to as unreliable
protocols for this reason.
Session Layer The Session Layer handles session establishment, management, and
termination between two end-user software application processes. This is the
(Layer 5) first layer that switches focus from the actual networking details and deals
primarily with sessions consisting of service requests and responses that occur
between applications installed on communicating devices.
Presentation Layer The Presentation Layer provides for standard data presentation so that
applications can exchange data in a meaningful manner across a network. The
(Layer 6) sending device converts data into a standard format for transmission on the
network. The receiving device converts the data sent in this standard format to
a format recognizable by the application of the receiving device. This
processing occurs transparently to ensure that the receiving device can read
the data from the sending device.
Application Layer The Application Layer is the layer closest to the end user of a system.
Software applications provide a means for end users to interface with a device
(Layer 7) to transmit and receive data. The Application Layer provides the interface
between the end user and software applications that a system uses to process
data over the network. Application Layer protocols define rules for
communicating with network applications in a standardized format.

Appendix G
Virtual Local Area Networks
VLANs are logical groupings of devices that communicate with one another
as though they are part of the same broadcast domain on a physical network
segment. Devices within the same broadcast domain can send data directly to
other devices within the same broadcast domain without sending traffic
through a routing device. Figure G.1 illustrates a network with two broadcast
domains. Device A, Device B, and Device C are all within Broadcast Domain
A and can communicate directly with one another. Similarly, Device C,
Device E, and Device F are all within Broadcast Domain B and can
communicate directly with one another. For devices to communicate between
Broadcast Domains A and B, data must pass through the router. In this
network configuration, all devices on the 2nd floor must be part of Broadcast
Domain A, and all devices on the 1st floor must be part of Broadcast Domain
B. This might work well in some configurations, but using VLANs provides
the flexibility to assign a device to a broadcast domain regardless of the
physical location.
Broadcast Domain A
2nd Floor Switch

2nd Floor
Router
Broadcast Domain B
1st Floor Switch

1st Floor
Figure G.1 Network Illustration Not Using VLANs
Figure G.2 shows the same physical network using VLANs. Broadcast
Domain A now consists of Device A and Device D without requiring Device
A to physically move to the 2nd floor. This can be useful when assigning
VLANs to functional or departmental roles within an organization. Let’s
assume VLAN 10 was created for the Human Resources department that
contains network resources spread throughout the 1st and 2nd floors. Without
the use of VLANs, all network resources for the Human Resources
department would need to be physically located on the same floor. As you can
see in Figure G.2, VLAN membership is independent of physical location.

G.2 Virtual Local Area Networks
2nd Floor Switch

2nd Floor
Router
Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast
Domain A Domain B Domain C
1st Floor Switch

1st Floor
VLAN 10 VLAN 20 VLAN 30

Figure G.2 Network Illustration Using VLANs
VLANs also increase network performance in large broadcast domains. As the

name implies, broadcast domains “broadcast” certain types of traffic to every
device within the respective broadcast domain. As the number of devices
increases within the broadcast domain, so does the amount of network traffic,
which causes network congestion. By separating certain devices into different
VLANs, the broadcast traffic is also separated and isolated to each VLAN.
While this separation provided by VLANs is great for isolating broadcast
traffic, VLANs should not be confused as a security mechanism for secure
network segregation. Highly secure networks should use a switch independent
of the switch used by a less secure network. For example, it is not
recommended to include a publicly accessible DMZ network segment on the
same switch as an internal LAN segment. While these two network segments
may be on completely different networks and separated using a VLAN for the
DMZ network segment and a VLAN for the LAN network segment, there are
attacks that could bypass this network separation.

Appendix H
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
CIDR was developed as a method to help alleviate the exhaustion of IPv4
addresses available on the internet and to reduce and simplify global routing
tables across internet routers.
CIDR is an addressing scheme that allows for better use of IP addresses that
traditionally fell into the old Class A, B, and C address schemes. In the
traditional address scheme, Class A, B, and C addresses were categorized with
8, 16, and 24 bits, respectively, for the subnet mask. The smallest block of IP
addresses in this addressing scheme is 254. This led to unused and wasted
addresses in scenarios where someone needed 10 IP addresses but had to
purchase the entire Class C block of 254 usable addresses. In situations where
someone needed more than 254 addresses, they either had to purchase another
Class C block or jump to a Class B or Class A network. The jump from Class
C (254 usable addresses) to Class B (65,534 usable addresses) to Class A
(16,777,214 usable addresses) provided no middle ground for IP addressing.
The solution was to allow network bits other than 8, 16, and 24, which
resulted in providing that middle ground in the addressing scheme. For
example, someone who needed only 10 IP addresses could be given a block of
14 usable IP addresses through the use of 28 network bits instead of 24 in the
subnet mask.
CIDR allows blocks of contiguous addresses to be combined through route
aggregation to create a larger classless set of IP addresses. It is then possible to
summarize these aggregated routes into routing tables, resulting in fewer route
advertisements.
In the following example, we would need to advertise a route for each classful
network.
192.168.0.0
192.168.1.0
Route Advertisements
192.168.2.0
192.168.0.0
192.168.1.0
192.168.2.0
192.168.(...).0 ...
192.168.253.0
192.168.254.0
192.168.253.0 192.168.255.0
192.168.254.0
192.168.255.0
Figure H.1 Classful Route Advertisements

H.2 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
By using CIDR notation, we can use route aggregation to combine multiple

routes, as seen below. High-level route entries can represent many lower-level
routes in the global routing table, simplifying routing and management of
route tables.
192.168.0.0
192.168.1.0
192.168.2.0
Route Advertisements
192.168.(...).0
192.168.0.0/16
192.168.253.0
192.168.254.0
192.168.255.0
Figure H.2 CIDR Route Advertisements
CIDR has carried over to use in private network RFC 1918 addresses, through
the use of CIDR notation when defining the subnet mask and in simplifying
internal routing tables. CIDR notation uses the format where the network ID
and associated subnet mask are listed as xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/n. The value n is the
number of leftmost bits set to a value of “1” in the mask. A traditional classful
depiction of a network ID and subnet mask would be as follows:
➤ Network ID: 192.168.1.0
➤ Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (dotted-decimal notation)
To take the above example and convert it to CIDR notation, you would need to
count the number of leftmost bits set to a value of “1” in the binary notation of
the subnet mask. The binary notation of the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0
would be 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000. There are 24 bits set to a
value of “1”, so n would equal 24. The CIDR notation would be 192.168.1.0/
24. The table below provides additional information about CIDR and the
equivalent dotted-decimal notation.

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) H.3
Table H.1 CIDR to Dotted-Decimal Mapping
Subnet Mask # of Bits for

Subnet Mask (CIDR) # of Bits for Host ID # of Hosts per Network
(Dotted Decimal) Network ID
/1 128.0.0.0 1 31 2,147,483,646
/2 192.0.0.0 2 30 1,073,741,822
/3 224.0.0.0 3 29 536,870,910
/4 240.0.0.0 4 28 268,435,454
/5 248.0.0.0 5 27 134,217,726
/6 252.0.0.0 6 26 67,108,862
/7 254.0.0.0 7 25 33,554,430
/8 255.0.0.0 8 24 16,777,214
/9 255.128.0.0 9 23 8,388,606
/10 255.192.0.0 10 22 4,194,302
/11 255.224.0.0 11 21 2,097,150
/12 255.240.0.0 12 20 1,048,574
/13 255.248.0.0 13 19 524,286
/14 255.252.0.0 14 18 262,142
/15 255.254.0.0 15 17 131,070
/16 255.255.0.0 16 16 65,534
/17 255.255.128.0 17 15 32,766
/18 255.255.192.0 18 14 16,382
/19 255.255.224.0 19 13 8,190
/20 255.255.240.0 20 12 4,094
/21 255.255.248.0 21 11 2,046
/22 255.255.252.0 22 10 1,022
/23 255.255.254.0 23 9 510
/24 255.255.255.0 24 8 254
/25 255.255.255.128 25 7 126
/26 255.255.255.192 26 6 62
/27 255.255.255.224 27 5 30
/28 255.255.255.240 28 4 14
/29 255.255.255.248 29 3 6
/30 255.255.255.252 30 2 2

Appendix I
X.509
Introduction
In cryptography, X.509 is an International Telecommunication Union standard
for public key infrastructure (PKI). X.509 specifies formats for public key
certificates and validation paths for authentication. The SEL-2730M uses
X.509 certificates in the web server for secure device management, and for
IPsec authentication.
Public Key Cryptography

Public key cryptography is distinguished by the use of asymmetric keys
instead of the more traditional symmetric keys. Asymmetric keys are
mathematically related so that whatever one key encrypts, the other key must
be used to decrypt. There is no way to derive one key from knowledge of its
paired key. These key pairs are known as public and private keys. The private
key must be kept secret, while the public key can be distributed freely. This
allows for many methods of protecting and authorizing messages that are not
possible with symmetric key cryptography.
Alice
52ED879E Key Generation
70F71D92 Function
Big Random
Number
Alice’s Public Key Alice’s Private Key

Figure I.1 Asymmetric Keys
Symmetric key cryptography, which has been used in various forms for
thousands of years, uses a single key that both encrypts and decrypts the
message. This key must be shared between the sender and receiver in advance.
If the key cannot be shared securely, the confidentiality of any transmission
encrypted with that key cannot be known.
In public key cryptography, the encryption key is not the same as the
decryption key. If a message is encrypted with the publicly known key, only
the private key can be used to decrypt it. This private key is known only to the
owner of the key pair. Only the sender and the intended receiver will know the
message, ensuring confidentiality.

I.2 X.509
X.509 Certificates
Bob
Hello
Encrypt
Alice!
Alice’s Public Key
6EB69570
08E03CE4
Alice
Hello
Decrypt
Alice!
Alice’s Private Key
Figure I.2 Confidentiality With Asymmetric Keys
Public key cryptography is much more computation-intensive than symmetric

key cryptography. This makes it infeasible to send large amounts of data, or
secure a series of transmissions, using this technology. Public key
cryptography offers confidentiality and the corresponding ability to exchange
symmetric keys securely and confidentially. This is known as hybrid
cryptography and is one way that IPsec uses public key cryptography.
You can also use public key cryptography for authentication. Do this by using
a private key, rather than the public key, as the encryption key. The public key
you use to decrypt the message will identify the sender. This is known as an
electronic signature.
Alice
I Will Sign
Pay $500 (Encrypt)
Alice’s Private Key
DFCD3454
BBEA788A
Bob
I Will Verify
Pay $500 (Decrypt)
Alice’s Public Key
Figure I.3 Authentication With Asymmetric Keys
X.509 Certificates
Digital certificates, also known as public key certificates, provide a formal
method for associating pairs of asymmetric keys with their owners. You can
use these electronic documents, through the use of digital signatures, to bind
public keys to their owners.

X.509 I.3
Digital Signatures
Digital Signatures
A digital signature is a more formal method of authenticating data than an
electronic signature. They can be compared to the wax seals that were placed
on envelopes before email was available. To create a digital signature of data,
you would first compute a hash of the data to be signed and then encrypt that
hash with the signer’s private key. You would then attach this signature to the
data to be signed. To verify the authenticity of the data, the receiver’s system
first separates data and signature. The receiver computes a hash of the data and
then uses the issuer’s public key to decrypt the signature. We compare these
two hashes and, if they match, we know the data are authentic.
Signing Verification
Hash Function 101100110101

Hash
Data Digitally Signed Data
Encrypt Hash
Using Signer’s
Private Key 111101101110
Signature
Data
111101101110 Decrypt Hash
Certificate Signature Hash Using Signer’s
Function Public Key
Attach
to Data
101100110101 101100110101
Hash Hash
Digitally Signed Data

Figure I.4 Digital Signatures
Public Key Infrastructure

One of three common uses for digital certificates is in a public key
infrastructure (PKI). PKI is a formal, hierarchical system where a digital
certificate may contain the signature of one or a chain of more trusted
certificate issuers. At the top of the PKI hierarchy is the most trusted
certificate, a root certificate. A root certificate is self-signed, highly protected,
and should only be used to sign CA certificates. Root certificates have to be
manually made trusted by a system administrator, or they must be included by
the software vendor in a cache of trusted root certificates. Most modern
operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows preload a collection of root
certificates for commonly used (and trusted) certificate authorities (e.g.,
VeriSign, Thawte, etc.) in the “Trusted Root” certificate store. If a root
certificate is compromised, we must assume all certificates below it to be
compromised as well.

I.4 X.509
Web of Trust
A certificate authority (CA) is an entity that issues, or signs, other certificates.

To obtain a certificate, an entity (the ‘subject’) will generate a key pair, and
send the public key and proof of identity to a CA. The CA will verify the
identity of the requester and issue the certificate containing the subject's
identity, the public key, and the CA’s digital signature. A CA is responsible for
saying “yes” these people are whom they claim to be and this is their public
key. CAs are authenticated by other CAs or by a root certificate.
An attacker can subvert this process. This can happen when an attacker steals
the private key of a CA or of a party to whom a certificate was issued. It can
also happen when an attacker impersonates another party when requesting a
certificate. In either case, this can result in the issuance of untrustworthy
certificates. An attacker might also steal a subject's private key. In such cases,
these certificates must be revoked by the issuing authority.
Web of Trust
Another of the three common uses of digital certificates is in the web of trust.
This is a less formal method of authentication than PKI provides, but is still in
common use. The largest use of the web of trust model is in Pretty Good
Privacy (PGP) used for email security. This model is very similar to PKI in
that a trusted third party is verifying the authenticity of a certificate. The
difference is that this trusted third party is not a CA, but rather a person who
endorses the authenticity of another person. Signing the public key of the
person requiring endorsement (or trust) with the endorser’s (trusted entity)
own private key establishes a web of trust. Figure I.5 below illustrates a
simple example of a web of trust. If Alice trusts Bob, and Bob trusts Charlie,
then Alice implicitly trusts Charlie.
Diane
Alice Charlie
Trust
Implicit Trust
Bob
Figure I.5 Web of Trust
Simple Public Key Infrastructure

The third common use of digital certificates is in the simple public key
infrastructure (SPKI). This model evolved from the need to limit the
complexity inherent in PKI and the web of trust. There is no trusted third party
in SPKI because the owner and issuer of the certificate are the same entity. For

X.509 I.5
Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP)
SPKI to be secure, certificates must be preshared among all entities who

communicate on that system. This ensures that all knowledge for security
decisions resides locally.
Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP)

In consideration of the case where an authentic certificate has been stolen,
there are methods to revoke certificates. One method is the certificate
revocation list (CRL). The CRL method has a few problems that allow a
revoked certificate to still be used. This arises from the lag associated with
producing CRLs. Also, a certificate will be accepted by default, even if
revoked, if the CRL is not accessible.
The online certificate status protocol (OCSP) was created to fix some of these
problems. OCSP requires less bandwidth than CRLs and enables near real-
time status checks to verify a certificate’s status. OCSP also allows a
certificate to be denied by default if the OCSP server is not accessible.
OCSP is a request/response protocol that provides real-time revocation status
information for X.509 certificates. When an OCSP-enabled certificate is
presented to an application, such as a web browser, the browser uses OCSP to
check the certificate and ensure it is valid before proceeding with the session.
OCSP uses the following response indicators to help determine the certificate
revocation status:
➤ Good: Indicates that the certificate is valid and has not been
revoked
➤ Revoked: Indicates that the certificate has been revoked
➤ Unknown: Indicates that the responder does not know about the
certificate being requested
The system performs a real-time revocation check for each certificate so that if
a certificate is compromised or for some other reason requires revocation, it
will no longer appear as valid.
Sample X.509 Certificate

Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Signature Algorithm: md5WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=ZA, ST=Western Cape, L=Cape Town, O=Thawte Consulting
cc,
OU=Certification Services Division,
CN=Thawte Server CA/Email=server-certs@thawte.com

I.6 X.509
Sample X.509 Certificate
Validity
Not Before: Aug 1 00:00:00 1996 GMT
Not After: Dec 31 23:59:59 2020 GMT
Subject: C=ZA, ST=Western Cape, L=Cape Town, O=Thawte Consulting
cc,
OU=Certification Services Division,
CN=Thawte Server CA/Email=server-certs@thawte.com
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
RSA Public Key: (1024 bit)
Modulus (1024 bit):
00:d3:a4:50:6e:c8:ff:56:6b:e6:cf:5d:b6:ea:0c:
68:75:47:a2:aa:c2:da:84:25:fc:a8:f4:47:51:da:
85:b5:20:74:94:86:1e:0f:75:c9:e9:08:61:f5:06:
6d:30:6e:15:19:02:e9:52:c0:62:db:4d:99:9e:e2:
6a:0c:44:38:cd:fe:be:e3:64:09:70:c5:fe:b1:6b:
29:b6:2f:49:c8:3b:d4:27:04:25:10:97:2f:e7:90:
6d:c0:28:42:99:d7:4c:43:de:c3:f5:21:6d:54:9f:
5d:c3:58:e1:c0:e4:d9:5b:b0:b8:dc:b4:7b:df:36:
3a:c2:b5:66:22:12:d6:87:0d
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:TRUE
Signature Algorithm: md5WithRSAEncryption
07:fa:4c:69:5c:fb:95:cc:46:ee:85:83:4d:21:30:8e:ca:d9:
a8:6f:49:1a:e6:da:51:e3:60:70:6c:84:61:11:a1:1a:c8:48:
3e:59:43:7d:4f:95:3d:a1:8b:b7:0b:62:98:7a:75:8a:dd:88:
4e:4e:9e:40:db:a8:cc:32:74:b9:6f:0d:c6:e3:b3:44:0b:d9:
8a:6f:9a:29:9b:99:18:28:3b:d1:e3:40:28:9a:5a:3c:d5:b5:
e7:20:1b:8b:ca:a4:ab:8d:e9:51:d9:e2:4c:2c:59:a9:da:b9:
b2:75:1b:f6:42:f2:ef:c7:f2:18:f9:89:bc:a3:ff:8a:23:2e:
70:47

Appendix J
Accessing Port Information Through SNMP
The port status and other port information and diagnostics can be accessed
remotely though the ifTable (1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2) in the IF MIB. Table J.1 shows
the relationship between the port number and the ifIndex of the ifTable.
Table J.1 SEL-2730M Port Number to ifIndex Mapping
SEL-2730M Port ifIndex ifIndex

Number R100–R108-V1 R109 and Later
1 22 20
2 21 19
3 20 18
4 19 17
5 18 16
6 16 14
7 17 15
8 15 13
9 14 12
10 13 11
11 12 10
12 11 9
13 10 8
14 9 7
15 8 6
16 7 5
17 27 25
18 28 26
19 29 27
20 30 28
21 23 21
22 24 22
23 25 23
24 26 24
For example, to find the port status (ifOperStatus) of Port 1, you would look at
the ifEntry with an ifIndex of 22 (1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.8.22).

SCHWEITZER ENGINEERING LABORATORIES, INC.
2350 NE Hopkins Court • Pullman, WA 99163-5603 U.S.A.
Phone: +1.509.332.1890 • Fax: +1.509.332.7990
selinc.com • info@selinc.com

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SEL-2730MManual

Instruction Ethernet Switch

SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch Instruction Manual Date Code 20211227

List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................................iii

Section 3: Managing Users

Section 4: Job Done Examples

Section 5: Settings and Commands

Section 6: Testing and Troubleshooting

Date Code 20211227 Instruction Manual SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch

Appendix A: Firmware and Manual Versions

Appendix B: Firmware Upgrade Instructions

Appendix C: User-Based Accounts

Appendix D: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

Appendix F: Networking Fundamentals

Appendix G: Virtual Local Area Networks

Appendix J: Accessing Port Information Through SNMP

SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch Instruction Manual Date Code 20211227

Table 1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Port Pinout .................................................................................................. 1.5

Date Code 20211227 Instruction Manual SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch

Table 5.26 Latch (Automatic Clear) Behavior ....................................................................................... 5.35

SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch Instruction Manual Date Code 20211227

Figure 1.2 Close-Up of Front-Panel Status Indicators............................................................................. 1.3

Date Code 20211227 Instruction Manual SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch

Figure 5.7 GOOSE Message.................................................................................................................... 5.7

SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch Instruction Manual Date Code 20211227

Date Code 20211227 Instruction Manual SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch

Earth (ground) Terre

Protective earth (ground) Terre de protection

Direct current Courant continu

Alternating current Courant alternatif

Both direct and alternating current Courant continu et alternatif

Instruction manual Manuel d’instructions

SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch Instruction Manual Date Code 20211227

Safety Marks The following statements apply to this device.

General Safety Marks

Other Safety Marks (Sheet 1 of 2)

Date Code 20211227 Instruction Manual SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch

Other Safety Marks (Sheet 2 of 2)

ACSELERATOR QuickSet® Job Done®

SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch Instruction Manual Date Code 20211227

Date Code 20211227 Instruction Manual SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch

➤ Ease-of-Use. Simplify configuration and maintenance with a

SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch Instruction Manual Date Code 20211227

Connections, Reset Button, and LED Indicators

Status and Activity LEDs Local Management Port

Figure 1.2 Close-Up of Front-Panel Status Indicators

General Status Indicators

Date Code 20211227 Instruction Manual SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch

Power Supply Status Indicators

Ethernet Status Indicators

Table 1.1 Ethernet Status Indicators

LED State Ethernet

Solid Green Link up

Gigabit SFP Ports, 1000BASE-T Configurable in Groups of Four: Redundant, Hot-Swappable

Figure 1.3 Rear-Panel View

SEL-2730M Ethernet Switch Instruction Manual Date Code 20211227

Four Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) Ports

Four Gigabit Ethernet Ports

Table 1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Port Pinout