CHAPTER #6 GEOGRAPHY CLASS:4th

Give short answers of the following questions:

Q:1 What is globe?
Ans: The word globe is taken up from the Latin word “Globus” which means a
round mass or sphere. In other words a globe is a model of the Earth.
Q:2 Differentiate between continent and ocean?
Ans:
CONTINENTS OCEANS
Land masses on the Earth’s surface are The bodies of salt water are called
called continents. oceans.
There are seven continents: There are five oceans:
(i) North America (i) Pacific ocean
(ii) South America (ii)Atlantic ocean
(iii) Europe (iii) Indian Ocean
(iv)Africa (iv)Southern ocean
(v) Asia (v) Arctic ocean
(vi)Australia
(vii)Antarctica

Q:3 Give the uses of map?

Ans: Maps are used:
i. To find locations of different places
ii. To measure the landforms
iii. For defence purposes
iv. for tourism and travelling
v. for historical perspective
vi. for agricultural and financial matters
vii. for planning and development
Q:4 Define day time population and night time population?

Subject: Social Studies Typed By: Syed Ali Haider

CHAPTER #6 GEOGRAPHY CLASS:4th

Day Time Population Night Time Population

The term day time population refers to The term night time population refers
the number of people that come into to the resident population present
area for work during day time. For during the evening and night time
example, population in Islamabad hours.
during day time.

Q:5 What is compass?

Ans: There are 16 directions in a compass. The word NEWS stands for:
N=North E=EAST W=West S=South
East and West are the directions opposite to each other while north and south are
opposite to each other. Qibla compass is a modified compass used by Muslims to
locate the direction of Qibla.
Q:6 Define deforestation?
Ans: Deforestation refers to cutting of trees without growing more trees. There are
many reasons for deforestation such as:
(i) Forests are cut down to clear land for agriculture, factories, roads, rail tracks
and mining.
(ii) Trees are also cut down to get wood to make homes, furniture and other things
and for local fuel.
(iii) Due to over population more place is required for settlement of new people so
forests are cut to get more area.
Q:7 Which crops are sown during Kharif season?
Ans: Kharif crops are sown during kharif season between April and June and
harvested between October and December. Kharif crops include rice, cotton,
sugarcane, maize etc.
Q:8 Which are main industries of Pakistan?
Ans: Following are the main industries of Pakistan:
(i)Textile Industry (ii) Sports Industry (iii) Cement Industry
(iv) Sugar Industry (v) Fertilizer Industry (vi) Iron and Steel Industry

Subject: Social Studies Typed By: Syed Ali Haider

CHAPTER #6 GEOGRAPHY CLASS:4th

(vii) Mining Industry

Q:9 Differentiate between weather and climate?

Weather Climate
Weather is a day-to-day condition of Climate is an average weather
the atmosphere in a region. Weather is condition of a place for a long period
not the same everywhere. It may be hot of time. Pakistan has dry and extreme
and sunny in one part of the world but climate. Siberia has snowy climate and
freezing and snowy in another. Singapore has a rainy climate.

Q:10 Define local weather?

Ans: The weather of a particular locality is called local weather. For example, it
may be hot and sunny weather in Lahore but it may be cloudy in Karachi. There
are several factors that affect weather. Some important elements of climate are:
There are several factors that affect weather:
(i) Temperature (ii) Wind (iii) Humidity (iv) Precipitation (v) Air Pressure
Answer the following questions in detail:
Q:1 Describe the key elements of the map in detail?
Ans: The key elements of the map that assist the map readers are:
(i) Title (ii) Symbol (iii) Directions
(iv) Scale (v) Legend or key (vi) Border
Title explains the purpose of the map. For example, weather map, population map,
physical map, road map etc.
In a map, you cannot show details of each object or feature in writing instead
symbols are used.
Directions are bearing. They are angular distances. There are four basic cardinal
directions or cardinal points:

Subject: Social Studies Typed By: Syed Ali Haider

CHAPTER #6 GEOGRAPHY CLASS:4th

(i) North (ii) East (iii)West (iv) South

East and west are the directions opposite to each other while north and south are
opposite to each other.
There are 16 directions in a compass.
Scale is a ratio between the ground distance and map distance.
Legend or key is an explanation of the meaning of all the symbols, colours and
signs.
The outline or frame surrounding the map is called border.
Q:2 Explain landforms of Pakistan?
Ans: The different physical features of the Earth are called landforms of the Earth.
Pakistan is a beautiful collaboration of different landforms. Major landforms of
Pakistan are as under:
(i)Mountains (ii) Plateaus (iii) Plains (iv) Deserts (v) Valleys
MOUNTAINS:- Mountains are the raised part of the Earth’s surface.
The mountain ranges of Pakistan are:
(i) Karakoram (ii) Hindukush (iii) Himalays
PLATEAUS:-Plateaus is a flat area between the mountains.
Pakistan has two Plateaus:
(i) Potohar Plateau
(ii) Balochistan Plateau
The world’s second largest salt mine Khewra is situated in Potohar.
PLAINS:- Plains are flat surface of land. Upper Indus, Lower Indus and Indus
delta are the major plain of Pakistan.
DESERTS:- A desert is a hot dry place with little or no rain.
The deserts in Pakistan are:
(i)Thal Desert (ii) Thar Desert
VALLEYS:- A valley is a low area between higher lands such as mountains.

Subject: Social Studies Typed By: Syed Ali Haider

CHAPTER #6 GEOGRAPHY CLASS:4th

The valley of Pakistan are:

Swat, Chitral, hunza, Kashmir etc.
There are two types of valleys:
 V-shaped valley:
v-shaped valleys are formed by following rivers.
 U-shaped valley:
U-shaped valley are formed due to the movements of glaciers.
Q:3 Describe elements of climate?
Ans: The following are the most important elements of climate.
(i) Temperature (ii) Rainfall (iii) Wind
Temperature that is scale of the degree of heat and cold. It is measured in degree
centigrade or Fahrenheit.
Rainfall is the release of water from the clouds is called rain.
Wind that is defined as the movement of air. Wind always blows from area of high
pressure to area of low pressure. It affects the weather condition.
Q:4 What is natural disaster? State safety measures before, during and after
earthquake?
Ans: Natural events that cause great damage or loss of life are called natural
disasters. They include floods, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, volcanic
eruptions, landslides, droughts and famine etc.
SAFETY MEASURES BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER EARTHQUAKE
Earthquake is unpredictable and can strike with enough force to bring building
down. Following are the basic safety measures taken before, during and after
earthquake.
1. Locate a place in the house where you can go in case of an earthquake. It should
be a spot where nothing is likely to fall on you, like a door frame.
2. If possible, quickly open the door for exit.
3. Protect your head, face and eyes with your arms. ‘

Subject: Social Studies Typed By: Syed Ali Haider

CHAPTER #6 GEOGRAPHY CLASS:4th

4. Find a clear and open spot away from buildings, trees, power lines and light
poles.
5. Stay out in the open place until the shaking stops.
6. Do not turn on the main switches for electricity, gas or water. Check for any
damages or leakages and then turn them on.
Q:5 Write short note on:
(a) Advantages of census
Ans: Census is a count of the population of a country. During census, information
about people living in a country is collected like actual number of people living in
each house, their ages, gender, religions, occupations and education etc. Such
information is called data.
The information or data collected by census helps the government in planning for
starting development programs and arrangement of resources.

Q: Write short note on:

(b) Avalanches
Ans: Avalanches are very fast flow of large amount of snow and ice down a
mountain slope. It is also called a snow slide. Avalanches occur when the weight
of the snow becomes more than its slopes. It can start due to any sudden shock,
sound and movement of ice.
Write “Yes” or “No”
(1) Longitudes are drawn from north to south poles. Yes
(2) Rabi season starts between April and June and ends between October and
December. NO
(3) Mining is the extractions of minerals and metals from the Earth. Yes
(4) Climate is a day to-day condition of the atmosphere in a region.NO
(5) Natural events that cause great damage or loss of life is called natural disasters.
Yes
(6) A count of the population of a country is called census. NO

Subject: Social Studies Typed By: Syed Ali Haider

CHAPTER #6 GEOGRAPHY CLASS:4th

(7) Rainfall is the movement of air. NO

Tick the correct option.
(1) Land masses on the Earth’s surface are called
(a) Continents (b) Oceans (c) Deserts (d) Mountains
(2) __________ is a model of Earth.
(a) Compass (b) Landform (c) Map (d) Globe
(3) It explains the purpose of the map.
(a) symbol (b) border (c) title (d) direction
(4) ________ is the cutting of trees.
(a) population (b) census (c) deforestation (d) agriculture
(5) It is our daily consumable product.
(a) coal (b) oil (c) gypsum (d) salt
(6) The process of cultivation of land or soil for production purposes is called.
(a) mining (b) deforestation (c) agriculture (d) industry
(7) The total number of people living in an area, city, country of the world at a
specific time is called:
(a) census (b) population (c) migration (d) avalanches
(8) The instrument used to record the earthquake is called:
(a) anemometer (b) rainguage (c) thermometer (d) seismograph

Subject: Social Studies Typed By: Syed Ali Haider