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    Mam Saima

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    Faheem
    This document describes two open-ended lab experiments: 1) Mesh analysis experiment to verify mesh analysis calculations by building a circuit and measuring voltages and currents. Calculated and observed values were compared. 2) Thevenin's theorem experiment to determine equivalent resistance and voltage across a load. Calculations were shown to find equivalent resistance and voltage then current through a load was calculated. Observed circuit currents were recorded. The importance and limitations of Thevenin's theorem were also discussed. A sample power calculation problem was included.

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    Mam Saima

    Uploaded by

    Faheem
    15 views8 pages
    This document describes two open-ended lab experiments: 1) Mesh analysis experiment to verify mesh analysis calculations by building a circuit and measuring voltages and currents. Calculated and observed values were compared. 2) Thevenin's theorem experiment to determine equivalent resistance and voltage across a load. Calculations were shown to find equivalent resistance and voltage then current through a load was calculated. Observed circuit currents were recorded. The importance and limitations of Thevenin's theorem were also discussed. A sample power calculation problem was included.

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    mam Saima

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    This document describes two open-ended lab experiments: 1) Mesh analysis experiment to verify mesh analysis calculations by building a circuit and measuring voltages and currents. Calculated and observed values were compared. 2) Thevenin's theorem experiment to determine equivalent resistance and voltage across a load. Calculations were shown to find equivalent resistance and voltage then current through a load was calculated. Observed circuit currents were recorded. The importance and limitations of Thevenin's theorem were also discussed. A sample power calculation problem was included.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    15 views8 pages

    Mam Saima

    Uploaded by

    Faheem
    This document describes two open-ended lab experiments: 1) Mesh analysis experiment to verify mesh analysis calculations by building a circuit and measuring voltages and currents. Calculated and observed values were compared. 2) Thevenin's theorem experiment to determine equivalent resistance and voltage across a load. Calculations were shown to find equivalent resistance and voltage then current through a load was calculated. Observed circuit currents were recorded. The importance and limitations of Thevenin's theorem were also discussed. A sample power calculation problem was included.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Open Ended Lab

    Objective:
    To study and verify the mesh Analysis.

    Apparatus:
     Resistors
     Bread Board
     DC power Supply
     DMM
     Connecting Wires

    Circuit Diagram :
    Procedure:
     First of all take all the components.
     Now attach all these components on the bread board according to the
    diagram.
     Give Vin 7 voltage and find voltage across the nodes V1, V2,V3 and V4.
     Also find current I1 and I2 across the 50 and 200 ohms resistances
    simultaneously.
     Compare these values with the simulated values.
     Make the table.

    Calculation:
    Loop 1:
    7-100I-200(I-Ii1)=0
    7-100I-200I+200 Ii1)=0
    7-300I+200Ii1 =0 (A)
    Loop 2:
    -200(Ii1-I)-50I1i-100(Ii1- Ii2)=0
    -200 Ii1+200 I -50 Ii1 -100 Ii1+100 Ii2=0
    250 Ii1 200 I+100 Ii2=0. (B)
    Loop 3:
    -100 Ii2 +100 Ii1 -300 Ii2 =10
    400 Ii2 100 Ii1 =10 (C)
    Put value in (B) from (A)
    I= Ii1(200)+7/300. (1)
    Put value of I in equation (B)
    -250 Ii1 -200 Ii1(200)+7/300 +100 Ii2=0
    -370+100 Ii2 =4.2
    Ii2 =4.2+370 Ii1 /100 (2)
    Put value of li2 in equation (C)
    -400( 4.2+370 Ii1 /100) -100 Ii1 =0
    Ii1 = 10.6mA

    Put value of li1 in equation (1)


    I= Ii1(200)+7/300
    I= 10.6mA(200)+7/300
    I=0.0304A
    I=30.4ma

    As we know, I total is equal to sum of li1 and li2.


    I= Ii1+ Ii2
    I- Ii1= Ii2
    30.4-10.6= Ii2
    li2 = 19.8mA

    For Voltage value:


    For V1 :
    V1=7V
    For V2 :
    V2 =Ii1 (R1+ R2)
    V2 = 10.6mA (100+200 )
    V2 =3.18V
    For V3 :
    V3 = Ii2 (R3+ R4)
    V3 = 19.6mA(50+100)
    V3 =2.94V
    For V 4 :
    V4 = V3 -10
    V4 = 2.9-10
    V4 = 7.1V

    And compare the calculated results with simulation results using any of the
    simulation Software.
    Observation :
    Sr# Calculated Values Observed Values

    V1 V2 V3 V4 I1 I2 V1 V2 V3 V4 I1 I2
    01 7 3.18 2.94 7.1 10.6 19.8 7 3.91 3.35 6.65 11. 22.7
    3

    Conclusion:
    In this experiment I learned the mesh analysis.
    Part (B)
    Objective:
    To study and verify the Thevenins theorem.

    Apparatus:
     Bread Board
     CRO
     DMM
     Resistors
     DC power Supply
     Connecting Wires

    Theory:
    In the Thevenins theorem we find the value of voltage and current across a specific part
    in the circuit. This current is 100% real current no need to retest all the calculation you did
    already.

    Circuit Diagram:
    Procedure:
     First of all take all the components.
     Now attach the components on the bread Board.
     The first step is to remove the reference component to find the Total resistance Rt.
     Now find the value of voltage for the whole circuit will be Vt
     Now, find the value of current for the 5 ohm resistor.
     The resultant figure will be in series.

    Calculation :
    Given :
    V=10v
    R1=10 ohm
    R2=20 ohm
    R3=15 ohm
    RL=5 ohm
    Required :
    RTH =?
    VTH =?
    Solution :
    • For Rth
    RTH = (15×20/15+20 ) +10
    = (300/35) +10
    = 8.5 +10

    =18.5
    • For Vth
    VTH = R2 ×V/ R2+ R1
    =( 20/20+10) ×10
    =6.6V

    • For I
    I= VTH / RL+ RTH
    =6.6/5 + 18.5
    =6.6/23.5

    =0.2A
    Observation Table :
    Sr# Vin IT IR1 IR2 IR3 IR4

    01 10 v 500mA 500mA 250mA 250mA 250mA

    Conclusion:
    In this experiment I learned the study and verify of Thevenins Theorem.

    (b)
    Importance of Thevenins Theorem :
    Thevenins Theorem provide an easy method for
    analyzing Power circuits which typically have load that changing value during the analysis
    process. This method provide and effective method to calculate the exact voltage and current
    across the load with out recalculate the values across the resistance or load in the circuit again
    and again. It is very important in the electric circuit when the interest is Specially on our
    particular part of the circuit When we finding the value of voltage and current.

    (C)
    Limitations of Thevenins Theorem:
    If the circuit non Linear elements this theorem is not
    applicable. Also to the unilteral the theorem is not applicable. There should not a magnetic
    coupling between the load and circuit to be replaced with the thevenins equivalent’s. It is not
    for those components which have diode and such other components in the circuit. It is also not
    applicable for the circuit which have magnetic locking. It is not applicable for the circuit in
    which load is parallel with the circuit.

    (D)
    Given:
    I = 0.5 A
    V = 230v
    Required:
    R=?
    P=?
    Solution:
    As we know that
    V= IR
    R = V/I => R = 230/0.5

    R = 460ohm

    For Power:
    P = IV
    P = (0.5) (230)
    P =115watts

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